UMarianela

UMarianela.

UMarianela.

UMarianela (1878) ngomunye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu yombhali waseSpain uBenito Pérez Galdós (1843 - 1920). Lesi siqephu sigqama ngekhono lalo mbhali ekwakheni abalingiswa besifazane, okuyisici esinconywe yizazi-mlando kanye nezifundiswa ezizinikele ekufundeni ngaye. Ukujula kwengqondo kwe-protagonist yencwadi kumemeza le mfanelo yombhali. Lesi sihloko besingeyinye yamanoveli akhe okugcina ethisisi, ababengaphambi komjikelezo wanamuhla wombhali waseSpain.

Iqondisa njalo, ingokoqobo, iyindida, iyacabanga futhi inezinkulumo mpikiswano zakudala, UMarianela ikhombisa yonke imigqa yezimpawu zombhali ngefa elingenakulinganiswa. Akumangalisi ukuthi uGaldós wayeyilungu leRoyal Academy kusukela ngo-1898 futhi waba yilungu leNobel Prize for Literature ngo-1912. Njengamanje, waziwa njengomlobi omkhulu kunabo bonke olimini lwaseSpain, elandela uCervantes.

Umbhali

Wabhapathizwa ngaphansi kwegama likaBenito María de los Dolores Pérez Galdós, wazalwa ngoMeyi 10, 1843, eLas Palmas de Gran Canaria, eSpain. Yize ezigabeni ezehlukene zempilo yakhe evelele njengosopolitiki, umbhali wemidlalo yokudlala nomlando, ukubhala kwakuyisici ayebaluleke kuso impela. Ngomsebenzi wakhe waba yisibonakaliso senoveli yamaqiniso yaseSpain yekhulu le-XNUMX.

Ubuntwana nobusha

UBenito wayeyingxenye yomndeni omkhulu kakhulu. Wayengumntwana weshumi womshado phakathi kukaColonel Sebastián Pérez Macías noDolores Galdós Medina. Kusukela esemncane ubaba wakhe wamenza wazithanda izindaba zomlando futhi walandisa izinganekwane ezingapheli zamasosha yena ngokwakhe ayelwa kuzo.

Wafunda izifundo eziyisisekelo eColegio San Agustín edolobheni langakubo, okuyisikhungo esasinokufundisa okuphayona ngesikhathi sako. Ngesikhathi sobusha bakhe wabambisana (ngokusebenzisa ama-eseyi, izinkondlo ezihlekisayo nezindaba) nephephandaba lendawo, Ibhasi. Ngo-1862 waphothula iziqu zeBachelor of Arts eLa Laguna Institute eTenerife.

Imithelela yezincwadi, ukushicilelwa kokuqala

NgoSepthemba 1862 wathuthela eMadrid futhi wabhalisa eyunivesithi eyofundela ubugqwetha. Noma, ngamagama kaGaldós uqobo ku Izinkumbulo zokukhohlwa (1915), wayengumfundi ohlakazekile, othanda ukungabikho. Enhlokodolobha Wayejwayele ukuya "embuthanweni wamaCanarian" nasezinkulumweni e-Athenaeum, lapho ahlangana khona nomngani wakhe wakudala, uLeopoldo Alas, uClarín.

Ngokufanayo, ezitolo zokudlela zaseFornos naseSuizo abasha baseGaldós washintshanisa imibono nezihlakaniphi nabaculi bangaleso sikhathi. Phakathi kwabo, uFrancisco Giner de los Ríos —Umsunguli we-Institución de Libre Enseñanza— wamkhuthaza ukuba abhale futhi amazise ngeKrausism, umkhuba owawukhona ezincwadini zakhe ezalandela.

Imisebenzi yobuntatheli, ukuya phesheya nokushicilelwa kokuqala

Kusukela ngo-1865 waqala ukubhalela abezindaba abanjengo La Nación, Impikiswano y Ijenali ye-European Intellectual Movement. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva wenza uhambo lwakhe lokuqala eParis njengombhalisi eWorld's Fair. Ekubuyeni kwakhe wahlola imisebenzi kaBalzac noDickens, evela kokugcina ayihumushile Amaphepha E-Posthumous ePinwick Club (kushicilelwe ku- La Nación).

UBenito Pérez Galdós.

UBenito Pérez Galdós.

Lapho ebuya ohambweni lwakhe lwesibili phesheya ngo-1868, wasebenza emibhalweni efundisayo ngokusungulwa koMthethosisekelo omusha ngemuva kokuchithwa kuka-Elizabeth II. Inoveli yakhe yokuqala, Umthombo Wegolide (1870), kungaba isandulela se- Trafalgar (1873) incwadi yokuqala ye- Iziqephu Zikazwelonke. Ngalolu chungechunge, wangena emlandweni wezinhlamvu zaseSpain njengo "umlando waseSpain."

I-athikili ehlobene:
Uphi uBenito Pérez Galdós?

Umsebenzi kaGaldós

UGaldós ungomunye wabalobi abaqavile emlandweni ngolimi lwaseSpain. Kuphela Iziqephu Zikazwelonke (1873 - 1912) amboza ukulethwa okungama-46, enyatheliswa ngochungechunge olunhlanu lwemiqulu eyishumi ngamunye. Sekukonke, ubuhlakani baseCanarian buqede cishe amanoveli ayikhulu, badlula imisebenzi yaseshashalazini engamashumi amabili, kanye nama-eseyi, izindaba nemisebenzi ehlukahlukene.

Kuwo wonke umzila wayo wavela ngemijikelezo eyahlukene yokubhala noma izinhlobo ezingaphansi (kukodwa kuwo washiya izihloko ezinhle), kumayelana nalokhu:

  • Amanoveli eThesis (1870 - 1878). Amanoveli ayi-7; phakathi kwezidume kakhulu kukhona I-Perfect Lady (1876) futhi UMarianela.
  • Amanoveli wesikhathi samanje - umjikelezo wendaba (1881 - 1889). Amanoveli ayi-11; emi phakathi kwabo UDokotela Centeno y UFortunata noJacinta (1886-87).
  • Amanoveli wesikhathi samanje - umjikelezo wokomoya (1890 - 1905). Amanoveli ayi-11; ukuba Isihe (1987) abahlonishwa kakhulu phakathi kwalabo.
  • Amanoveli ezinganekwane (1909 no-1915). Amanoveli ama-2.

Izici

Emsebenzini kaGaldós, ukubukeka kwangempela kobuhle obususelwa kwisitayela esiqondile nesemvelo kuyabonakala, ikakhulukazi ezingxoxweni zokuphefumulelwa okudala. Ngokulinganayo, ulimi lwakhe (ikakhulukazi) oluhlangene luvuma ezinye izindima ngemisho ekhulisiwe, maphakathi nokulandisa okushiya indawo yokuhlekisa nokuhlekisa.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuma okuqinile ngokumelene nabefundisi kubonakala ngezinga elikhulu noma elincane ngaphakathi kwemibhalo kaGaldós. Eqinisweni, lo mugqa womcabango wamzondelela inzondo yemikhakha yamaKhatholika elandelanayo, eyaphumelela ukucekela phansi ngempumelelo ukuphakanyiswa kwakhe kuNobel Prize.

UMarianela  nokujula kwabalingiswa

Umlandisi womuntu wesithathu ugcizelela intshisekelo yezengqondo ezungeze ilungu ngalinye lomsebenzi. Ngokuqondene, Abesifazane bakaGaldós babonisa ubuhle nobunzima bomhlaba, ezimeni ezihlala zivivinya ubuqotho nokwethembeka komuntu ngamunye. Mayelana nalokhu, umlingiswa ophambili we UMarianela kufaka uthando kanye nemvelo (entombazaneni engathandeki kodwa enenhliziyo enkulu).

Futhi, umlandeli wenhloso ulungele ukudlulisa ukucabanga komlobi ngomehluko phakathi kwezigaba zenhlalo kanye nokuziphatha okwamukelwe ngaleso sikhathi. Ngendlela efanayo, kukhona umphelelisi ophelele phakathi kwezimfanelo zabalingiswa bakhe ngokuqaphelisisa izindawo namathafa.

Ukuhlaziywa UMarianela

Ungathenga inoveli lapha: UMarianela

Le noveli yakhiwe ngezahluko ezingama-22, ezinezihloko ezikhombisa isitayela se-picaresque sikaGaldós (esenze izindaba zakhe zathandwa kakhulu). Isibonelo, i- "VII: Umbhedo ongaphezulu"; "VII: Umbhedo uyaqhubeka" ... Ngokubambisana, isakhiwo jikelele sombhalo sehlukaniswe ngesingeniso, maphakathi, ukulungiswa kanye ne-epilogue.

Isiqubulo

Le noveli iqala ngokuchazwa kwamathafa asendleleni eya ekumbeni kukaSocrates, ngase-Aldercoba, enyakatho yeSpain. Lapho, UTeodoro Golfín - udokotela ogxile ngamehlo - wahambela le ndawo efuna umfowabo uCarlos, ophethe izimayini. Ufike ngaphandle kokulahleka ngenxa kaPablo, ongumqondisi owathi, yize eyimpumputhe, wachaza kabanzi ngokuma komhlaba.

Ukucaphuna kukaBenito Pérez Galdós.

Ukucaphuna kukaBenito Pérez Galdós.

UPablo wayeyazi kahle le ndawo ngenxa yomqondisi wakhe, uNela, intandane eneminyaka engu-16 Ngokubukeka kwengane komlingiswa onomusa kakhulu. Wayekade ephila kabi kakhulu futhi engondlekanga kahle esikhathini esedlule. Ngaleso sikhathi wayethathwe ngumndeni wakwaCenteno. Noma kunjalo, ezinyangeni zokugcina wayejabule kakhulu noPablo wakhe amthandayo, ayehamba naye ensimini njalo ntambama.

Ukuthuthukiswa

UDon Francisco Penáguilas, Ubaba kaPablo uhlale efuna ukunethezeka nemfundo engcono kakhulu yendodana yakhe, owayephindisela ngemizwa kaMarianela (Nela). Ngaphandle kwalokhu, wesaba lapho ezwa ngethemba (elikude) lokuthi amehlo kaPablo angaphola ngemuva kokungenelela kukaDkt. Golfín. Ngemuva kwalokho, uFrancisco wamtshela lezi zindaba umfowabo uDon Manuel Penáguilas.

Lesi sakamuva sathembisa ukuthi uma umsebenzi uphumelela, uzoshada nendodakazi yakhe uFlorentina kumshana wakhe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, Ukufuna ukwazi kukaPablo kwamenza wacabanga ngomqondo wobuhle. Wayeqiniseka ukuthi uNela wayeyisibonelo sobuhle, Ngokuphikisana nombono wokunye. Hhayi-ke, akekho noyedwa owangabaza inhliziyo kaNela enhle, kepha bakungabaza ukubukeka kwakhe okubuthakathaka futhi okunamawala.

Usizi lukaNela

Ngaphambi nje kokuhlinzwa, uDon Manuel nendodakazi yakhe uFlorentina, intombazane enhle futhi enomusa, bafika edolobheni. Noma kunjalo, UPablo waphikelela ekutheni ufuna ukushada noNela. Noma kunjalo, ibanga phakathi kwabo lalingenakugwemeka ngoba ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, umndeni kaDon Francisco wawuphethe ukunakekela uPablo.

Zahamba izinsuku, wonke umuntu edolobheni wakhuluma ngempumelelo yalowo msebenzi. UPablo wayebona futhi ukuthanda kwakhe okukhulu kwakuhlukanisa ubuhle bukaNela. Kepha intombazane empofu yesaba ukwaliwa futhi ishiye idolobha noCelipín, indodana encane yomndeni wakwaCenteno. Kodwa-ke, uFlorentina wanikeza uNela ikhaya langempela nomndeni wakwaPenánguilas futhi wamtshela izifiso zikaPablo.

Umphumela

UNela wenqabile ukunikezwa umusa nguFlorentyna. Idangele, le ntokazi yaqala ukuchitha izinsuku zayo ehlathini kuze kube yilapho uTeodoro emthola esesimweni esibi kakhulu futhi emphoqa ukuthi amtshele lonke udaba lwakhe. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, uFlorentina wayenakekela uNela owayebuthakathaka futhi edidekile emzini wakwaPenánguilas.

Ntambama, UPablo wafika ngokungalindelekile ezovakasha ngenkathi uFlorentina ethunga ingubo kaNela. Le nsizwa yamangazwa ubuhle bomzala wayo yaqala yamdumisa. Ngisho noPablo - ukushaya indiva ukuba khona kukadokotela "nenye intombazane" egumbini - uthe usule imizwa yakhe yothando kuNela futhi manje usejabule ngomshado wesikhathi esizayo noFlorentina.

Ukuvala

Ephethwe yizinhlungu, impilo ebucayi nokungajabuli, uNela wanyamalala emizuzwini embalwa waze washona. Ngaphambi nje kwalokho, uPablo ukwazile ukumkhomba lapho ekwazile ukumbamba ngesandla wambheka emehlweni. "Ushonile ngenxa yothando," kusho udokotela. Ekugcineni, uFlorentina wanquma ukumnika umngcwabo omuhle kakhulu ukukhombisa ukubonga kwakhe okuphakade kuNela.

Abanye abantu bendawo baze bathi, "ubukeka emuhle manje" (ukuthi ushonile). Noma kunjalo, ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, wonke umuntu endaweni wayekhohliwe ngoMarianela. Kufike izithandani ezindala zangaphandle ezicela ithuna lowesifazane ohloniphekile futhi omuhle, uDoña Mariquita Manuela Téllez (Nela).


Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula

Shiya umbono wakho

Ikheli lakho le ngeke ishicilelwe. Ezidingekayo ibhalwe nge *

*

*

  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.