Izinkondlo zikaRosalía de Castro

URosalía de Castro wayengowesifazane waseSpain owayenefulegi lakhe ukuvikela izimpande zakhe, wazalwa ngoFebhuwari 24, 1837 eSantiago de Compostela. Umbhali wayenempilo ehlaselwe yizikhathi ezibuhlungu; ngemuva kokubhekana nokuhlukumezeka njengokushona kwezingane zakhe nonina wakhuthazeka ukuthi akhe ezinye zezindaba zakhe.

Ngesikhathi sale mbongi yaseSpain, ulimi lwesiGalician lwalubukelwa phansi, kwakungekho mibhalo ehlanganisiwe yemisebenzi eyayizofundwa futhi ababhali babengalokothi babhale imibhalo besebenzisa lolu limi. URosalia de Castro kwakungumuntu owayenomsebenzi wokwenza izincwadi zesiGalician zivele, futhi izindlela zakhe zokukufeza kwakuwumsebenzi omuhle kakhulu ngezosha. Umsebenzi wakhe ukhuthaze abaningi ababhali besikhathi samanje baseGalician.

Ubusha bakhe nogqozi

URosalía wayehlala ngaphandle kukayise, ngoba wayengumfundisi owanquma ukungamazi, yingakho wachitha iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili yokuqala yempilo yakhe enhlanganweni eseGalicia ebizwa ngeCastro de Ortoño lapho kwakuhlala khona abalimi abaningi. Amasiko namasiko aseGalician kwakuyizici ezazithonya imisebenzi kaRosalía de Castro.

Ngesikhathi eseyinsizwa wafunda izifundo zamasiko eLiceo de la Juventud, njengomculo nokudweba; ngalezo zinsuku zazithathwa njengemisebenzi efanelekile yentombazane engontanga yakhe. U-Aurelio Aguirre wayeyimbongi eyayimazi kulezi zinsuku futhi ngokusho kwezinye izazi-mlando babenobudlelwano obunothando.

Izindaba eziningi zikaRosalía zaphefumulelwa yilabo okuthiwa uyabathanda u-Aurelio Aguirre; kodwa-ke iqiniso lokuthi babethandana aliqinisekisiwe. Ngo-1856 wathuthela eMadrid, ngemuva konyaka washicilela uchungechunge lwezinkondlo ezibhalwe ngeSpanishi azihlanganisa nencwadi eyodwa enesihloko esithi Imbali.

Wanikezela kunina uTeresa de Castro incwadi yezinkondlo ebizwa ngokuthi Kumama wami, eyashicilelwa ngo-1863. Wabhala izinkondlo eziyisikhombisa lapho akhombisa khona ukuhlupheka okukhulu, ukungakwazi ukuzisiza nokuba nesizungu ayekuzwa ngokulahlekelwa yilomuntu obalulekile empilweni yakhe.

Matrimonio

Incwadi yakhe yezinkondlo Imbali kwakuthandwa uManuel Murgía, umbhali uRosalía ahlangana naye ngomngani. Le ndoda ibiphethe u-de Castro eqhubeka nesifiso sakhe sokubhala, ngisho nakulezo zikhathi lapho abesifazane babengenayo indima ebalulekile emphakathini.

Ngokushesha uCastro washada noMurgía. URosalía osemncane wayenamasonto acishe abe yisishiyagalombili ekhulelwe ngenkathi umcimbi wakhe womshado wenziwa ngo-Okthoba 10, 1858.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwazalwa indodakazi yakhe u-Alejandra, kwalandelwa: u-Aura, uGala no-Ovidio, u-Amar. U-Adriano owashona esemncane ngengozi noValentina owashona ngaphambi kokuba azalwe; zonke izingane zakhe zazivela enhlanganweni yeGalicia.

Iningi labamele lisebenza

Umbhali ucishe waqala phansi ukwakhiwa kwemisebenzi ebhalwe ngolimi lwesiGalician, ngoba wawungekho umlando wezindaba eGalician. UDe Castro waqala lokho okwakuthiwa yi- Ukuguqula kabusha nencwadi yakhe Izingoma zaseGalician (1863).

Umbhali uRosalía de Castro exhunywe nemiculo nezingoma zeGalicia. Izimpande zomhlaba wakhe zazingukhiye ekwakhiweni kwencwadi yakhe yokuqala Izingoma zaseGalician, enezinkondlo ezingamashumi amathathu nesithupha lapho ungabonga khona uthando, ukusondelana, imikhuba, izingqikithi zomphakathi nezepolitiki ezungeze lesi sifunda.

Ngo-1880 wabhala omunye umsebenzi ngesiGalician owawubizwa ngokuthi Ushaya i-novas, kwaba eyesibili ebhalwe ngalolu limi. URosalía wakhiqiza lezi zinkondlo ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-XNUMX nasekuqaleni kwawo-XNUMX. Kwakuyindaba ezwakalisa ukuhlukunyezwa kwabesifazane, izinsana ezilahliwe kanye nabantu basemakhaya; owesifazane obhalile wathi kulo msebenzi ukuthi ngeke aphinde abhale ngesiGalician.

Emabhange aseSar Yanyatheliswa ngo-1886Kwakuwumkhiqizo wokugcina wombhali futhi kwakuyincwadi enezinkondlo ezingaphezu kwekhulu ngendlela efanayo exhunywe ngenhloso eyodwa. Kulomsebenzi uRosalía waveza okwakhe, futhi lokhu kwakugcwele ukunamathela kubantu besilisa, usizi, isifiso, ukudumazeka nothando ngoNkulunkulu.

Leyo mibhalo yakhulisa ukukhula kwakhe njengomuntu nombhali, ukumvumela ukuba athathwe njengo omunye wababhali ababaluleke kakhulu kwezothando lwaseSpain. URosalía wahlaselwa ngumdlavuza wesibeletho futhi washona ngoJulayi 15, 1885 ePadrón, eSpain, washiya ifa lamasiko ezweni lonke.

Izinkondlo zikaRosalía de Castro

Nazi ezinye izingcezu zemisebenzi emelela kakhulu yezinkondlo zikaRosalía de Castro (kubhalwe ngeSpanishi futhi kwahunyushelwa kuye):

ICantares Gallegos (ukuhumusha)

Sala kahle, imifula; sala kahle, imithombo;

usale kahle, imifudlana emincane;

okuhle, ukubona kwamehlo ami,

Angazi ukuthi sizobonana nini

Umhlaba wami, umhlaba wami,

umhlaba lapho ngakhulela khona,

ingadi encane engiyithanda kakhulu

imikhiwane engayitshala.

IPadros, imifula, ama-groves,

izihlahla zikaphayini ezihambisa umoya,

izinyoni ezitshiyozayo,

izindlu ezincane zokuqukethwe kwami ​​...

Ungangikhohlwa, oh dear,

uma ngifa ngesizungu ...

Amaligi amaningi kangaka olwandle ...

Nisale kahle muzi wami!

I-Follas novas (ukuhumusha)

Njengamafu esikhaleni esingenamkhawulo

i-wanderers iyabhakuza!

Eminye imhlophe,

abanye bamnyama;

amanye, amajuba amnene abonakala kimi,

baxosha abanye

ukukhanya okucwebezelayo ...

Kuvunguza imimoya ekuphakameni

vele ukuhlakazwa,

bazithatha ngaphandle kokuhleleka noma ukuhlakanipha,

Angazi nokuthi kuphi

Angazi nokuthi kungani.

Bazigqokile, ithini iminyaka

amaphupho ethu

nethemba lethu.

Emabhange aseSar

Ngamahlamvu ahlala eluhlaza

ukuthi ukuzwa kushiya amahemuhemu angajwayelekile,

naphakathi kolwandle oluhlehlisayo

imifino,

indlu ethanda izinyoni,

ngibona amawindi ami

ithempeli ebengilifuna njalo.

Ithempeli ebengilifuna kakhulu ...

Hhayi, angazi ukuthi ngithini uma ngiyamthanda

ukuthi ekukhohliseni okungahambi kahle lokho ngaphandle kokuphumula

imicabango yami iyaluza,

Ngiyangabaza uma igqubu elibuhlungu

uhlala ehlangene nothando olusesifubeni sami.

Rexurdimiento wezinhlamvu zeGalicia

I-Reexurdimiento Kwakuyisigaba lapho isiko nezinhlamvu zaseGalicia kwakukuvuselela ukubaluleka kwazo eSpain, kanti uRosalía de Castro wayengowesifazane oyiphayona wale nhlangano.

Ingxenye ye- ukuqina komsebenzi kaRosalía kwakulele ekumeleleni ngaphezu kwakho konke okwakuchaza abantu baseGalicia,

Iminyaka idlulile kungekho msebenzi okhiqizwayo ngesiGalician, ngakho ngemuva kukaRosalía abanye ababhali abaningi babhala izindaba ngalolu limi. Umdlalo Izingoma zaseGalician yaqala le nhlangano futhi yahlala ezinhliziyweni zabantu baseGalicia, njengoba bahlanganyela ngisho nasekwakheni ezinye izinkondlo ndawonye.

Imibono eyabekwa ohulumeni baseSpain ngaleso sikhathi yakushaya indiva ngokuphelele ukubaluleka komphakathi waseGalician, kangangokuba eminyakeni edlule amalungu awo ayebandlululwa. Noma kunjalo, ngemuva kokufika komsebenzi kaRosalía de Castro, umbono wonke weGalicia washintsha.