Izinkondlo zikaGil de Biedma

Izinkondlo zikaGil de Biedma ziseshwa njalo enetheni. Ukuthintana komuntu siqu, okuhlangene nokusondelene kwamazwi akhe - ingxube enamandla futhi ethuthuke kahle - kwenze kwaba nobudlelwano obujulile phakathi kwembongi nezethameli eziningi zabathandi bezinkondlo emhlabeni jikelele eminyakeni edlule. Konke lokhu, yebo, yize abaningi bebengazi ngisho naye ngenkathi esaphila.

Kodwa ngubani uJaime Gil de Biedma? Kungani lokhu kwaba nomthelela ezinkondlweni zaseSpain maphakathi nekhulu lamashumi amabili nanhlanu ekhulwini lama-XNUMX? Singumkhiqizo wezimo, futhi lezo ezazizungeze impilo yale mbongi zavumela indawo ephelele yokuzalanisa umsebenzi wakhe ukuba udlule futhi ngeke kumake nje isizukulwane, kodwa izwe lonke. Okwalokho nokuningi ukhunjulwa zonke izinsuku zezinkondlo kuwo wonke amasentimitha omhlaba.

Omunye umbono kuJaime Gil de Biedma

Funda le nkondlo noma ufunde imbongi ...

Ukufunda inkondlo noma izinkondlo eziningana futhi ukholwe nayo ukuze uqonde impilo yembongi, ukukhuluma kabanzi - futhi ukusho okuncane - isenzo sokuzethemba. Kodwa-ke, ukufunda impilo yembongi, kusukela ngesikhathi ethola unembeza wakhe kuze kube yilapho umoya wakhe wokugcina usuphelile, kunika, ngandlela thile, amandla athile okuveza umbono maqondana nokuthi amavesi akhe ayesho ukuthini.

«Okwenzeka enkondlweni akukaze kwenzeke kuwe»

UBiedma ngokwakhe ukuqinisekisile ukuthi "okwenzeka enkondlweni akukaze kwenzeke nakoyedwa." Futhi lokhu akusho, ngokoqobo, ukuthi awukho umkhondo wokuhlangenwe nakho encwadini ngayinye, evesini ngalinye, kusigaba ngasinye… cha; empeleni, zikhona, futhi ziningi. Kodwa-ke, umbono ojwayelekile wezihlahla awunakunqunywa ngamaqabunga awo amuva nje, kepha ngezimpande zawo ezijule kakhulu, yisazi esidlula esiqwini esidala simelana nomuhlwa wokuphila nezinambuzane eziningi ezizungeze ukukhanya okuncane okunikezwe ngamunye.

Yini okushiwoyo ngoGil de Biedma

Kuyaziwa ukuthi uJaime Gil de Biedma wazalelwa eBarcelona ngo-1929. Wafika ngoNovemba 13, njengoba kushiwo yincwadi yakhe yokuzalwa. Zonke izingosi ziphendula ngokuthi uvela emndenini ocebile nozalo nokuthi lokhu kube nomthelela ocacile empilweni yakhe. Ukuthi izifundo zakhe zokuqala nesikole samabanga aphakeme zenzeka esikhungweni semfundo saseNavas de la Asunción, okokuqala, naseLuis Vives General Studies centre.

Umfana oneminyaka engu-7 owayejabule ekufundela I-Quixote

UMartha Gil, udadewabo, uphawule ngenjabulo engxoxweni yokuthi uBiedma, oneminyaka engu-7 nje kuphela ubudala, “wahleka kakhulu efunda i- I-Quixote". Kakade lokhu kungabikezela okuncane ukuthi kuzoba nokuthambekela okuthile kuye ngezinhlamvu. Masingasho ukuthi kuzokwaziwa ukuthi uzoba yimbongi, kepha bekunothando lwezincwadi, futhi lokho bekuvele kukuningi.

Izinkinga ezibangelwa ukuphikisana, eyunivesithi, ubungani

Futhi ukuthi ekukhuleni kwakhe waqala ukuba nenkinga ekhona ngenxa yokwenqatshelwa okuqhubekayo kwendawo yakhe yokuzalwa kanye nokuheha okungalawuleki kwabantu ababencishwe amathuba ngumphakathi.. Lesi simo saba sibi kakhulu kusukela ngo-1946, ngemuva kokungena eNyuvesi yaseBarcelona, ​​kwaba noshintsho olwalandela eNyuvesi yaseSalamanca (lapho aphumelela khona kwezomthetho) nangemva kokufunda iMarxism nokuqala ukuzwana nemibono yobukhomanisi. Kuseyunivesithi yaseSalamancan lapho uBiedma ahlangana khona nezibalo ezinjengezi:

• UJosé Ángel Valente.
• UJuan Marsé.
• UGabriel Ferrater.
• UJaime Salinas.
• UCarlos Barral.
• UJoan Ferraté.
• UJosé Agustín Goytisolo.
• Ingelosi uGonzález.
• UClaudio Rodríguez.

Kuqala ukusebenza

Lokhu bekungabalulekile futhi akukho okunye ngaphandle kwababhali abanikeze impilo kulokho okubizwa nge- "Generation of 50". Engxenyeni ebalulekile, kube ngenxa yezingxoxo eziqhubekayo nalaba bameli kanye nezifundiswa lapho imibono yemibhalo kaBiedma yakhiwa futhi yagqama. Kuzo zonke, kwakunguCarlos Barral lapho enza khona ukuxhumana okhethekile futhi wanikela kuye umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala Amavesi aya kuCarlos Barral (1952). Kamuva kushicilela Ngokwesigwebo sesikhathi (1953).

Izinkondlo zesiNgisi, isithako esilahlekile

Ngaphezu kwezithako ezibalulwe ngenhla, kunesinye futhi isici esiqhakambisa izinkondlo zikaBiedma ngaphambi kokuba zifinyelele efomini yaso yokugcina. Lesi sici sithatha isinqumo ngesitayela sakhe — siyagqashuka ngaphambi kokushicilela umsebenzi wakhe wesithathu- futhi akekho omunye ngaphandle ukweqa okuphoqelekile kweBarcelonia ngezinkondlo zesiNgisi. Kusho umcimbi kwenzeka ngemuva kohambo oluya e-Oxford (1953) nangesandla sikaPaco Mayans, omethula ukuthi afunde i-TS Eliot. Lokhu kuhlangana nezinkondlo ze-Anglo-Saxon kwanikeza okusalele futhi okudingekayo emsebenzini kaBiedma.

Ukungena kweNkampani Yogwayi yasePhilippine, imisebenzi kanye nempilo ekabili

Ngemuva kwalokhu - sengivele ngithweswe iziqu futhi ngosiba olungenalutho emisebenzini emibili edlule, kepha ethi isetshenziswe esenzweni sezinkondlo esidlulela phambili -, UJaime wajoyina i-Philippine Tobacco Company (ibhizinisi lomndeni) ngo-1955. Ngalesi sikhathi sizithola siphambi kwendoda eneminyaka engu-27 enengqondo enkulu, imbongi enezincwadi ezimbili, ezinokuziphatha ngokobulili okuchaziwe okwenqatshwa ngumphakathi, futhi okungukuthi, ongowesigaba esivelele saseSpain, uyamamatheka futhi uyangana imibono. AmaMarxists.

Ngaphansi kwalesi panorama sokuphikisana nokunqatshelwa (futhi ngomkhiqizo wethalente ongenakuphikwa wokuphila kanye nokuhlinzekwa) kuvela omunye wemisebenzi yezinkondlo emsulwa futhi emele kakhulu eSpain. eminyakeni yamuva.

Izingqikithi zikaGil de Biedma

Amavesi akhe azungeze isikhathi esingapheli, impilo yansuku zonke, nokuthi - empeleni - ezombusazwe zamanje azisebenzi ezakhamuzini. Babenayo futhi babe ne- umsindo omuhle nesigqi, yingakho abaculi abaningi bewacula.

Isifiso sakhe sentsha esishiye singabuyanga siyabonakala. Ukungasho lutho ngothando, oludinga ukuzibonakalisa ngaphandle kwezimaski, ngokuyisisekelo sokwesaba wonke umuntu, kepha lokho wonke umuntu anakho futhi akuthanda ngasese.

Goqa

Impilo yakhe yaqhubeka igeleza phakathi komsebenzi womndeni, izingqinamba zakhe zangaphakathi eziqhubekayo zokuphikisana kanye nesidingo esikhona sokuphila ubulili bakhe izinkondlo zakhe ngendlela ekhululekile.

Kodwa-ke, ngo-1974, futhi ngemuva kokuthola umsebenzi omuhle wezincwadi eziyi-8, uBiedma wawa. Ubunzima obabusemqondweni wakhe babubonakala emzimbeni wakhe. Umthelela waba kangangokuthi umbhali wayeka ukubhala. Ukwenqatshwa kwakungemelene nomphakathi kuphela awuchaza ngokuthi "onxiwankulu", kodwa kwakuphikisana nenhlangano yangakwesobunxele uqobo namandla ayo amancane okulwela amalungelo alabo abathathiwe. Ngenkathi lokho kwakukhuliswa, ngaphakathi naye wazigweba futhi wazilahla ngemvelaphi yakhe ecebile nangokuthi akakaze akuphile ngempela lokho ayezama ukukulwela.

Ingculazi kanye nokukhanya okuya kufiphala

Njengokungathi lokho kwakunganele, uJaime ungenwa yingculaza. Ubunzima obuzungeze lesi sifo yikhona okuqeda impilo yakhe. Ukuvela kwakhe kokugcina phambi kwezethameli ukusho ngomsebenzi wakhe kwenzeka eResidencia de Estudiantes, eMadrid, ngo-1988.

Ngenxa yezinkinga zengculazi, imbongi yadlula emhlabeni ngoJanuwari 8, 1990. KwakuseBarcelona, ​​futhi wayeneminyaka engama-60 ubudala.

Ukwakhiwa

• Amavesi aya kuCarlos Barral (uhlelo lombhali, u-Orense, 1952)
• Ngokwesigwebo sesikhathi (1953).
• Abahamba nabo (IBarcelona: UJoaquín Horta, 1959).
• Sivuna uVenus (1965).
• Ukuziphatha (1966).
• Izinkondlo ezisanda kufa (1968).
• Iqoqo elikhethekile (Seix Barral, 1969).
• Idayari yomculi ogula kakhulu (1974), inkumbulo.
• Abantu besenzo (Seix Barral, 1975; Uhlelo lwesibili: 2).
• Amagama: Izindatshana 1955-1979 (I-Critic, iBarcelona, ​​1980).
• I-anthology yezinkondlo (Ukubambisana, 1981).
• UJaime Gil de Biedma. Izingxoxo (I-Aleph, 2002).
• Isakhiwo somdlalo. Ukubhalelana (ILumen, 2010).
• Amajenali 1956-1985 (ILumen, 2015).
• UJaime Gil de Biedma. Izingxoxo (I-Austral, 2015).

Izinkondlo zikaGil de Biedma

Ubusuku obudabukisayo buka-okthoba

Nakanjani

kubonakala kuqinisekiswa ukuthi kulobu busika

okuzayo, kuzoba nzima.

Baqhubekela phambili

izimvula, nohulumeni,

ukuhlangana emkhandlwini wongqongqoshe,

akwaziwa ukuthi uyafunda yini ngalesi sikhathi

inzuzo yokungasebenzi

noma ilungelo lokuxoshwa,

noma uma nje, uhlukanisiwe olwandle,

ulinda nje ukuthi kudlule isivunguvungu

futhi usuku luyafika, usuku lapho, ekugcineni,

izinto ziyeke ukuza kabi.

Ebusuku ngo-Okthoba

njengoba ngifunda iphephandaba phakathi kwemigqa,

Sengime ukulalela ukushaya kwenhliziyo

ukuthula egumbini lami, izingxoxo

yomakhelwane abalele phansi,

wonke lawo mahemuhemu

ngokuzumayo ibuyise impilo

kanye nencazelo yalo, engaqondakali.

Futhi ngicabange ngezinkulungwane zabantu,

abesilisa nabesifazane okwamanje,

ngokubandayo kokuqala,

baye bazibuza ngokukhathazeka kwabo futhi,

ngokukhathala kwakhe okulindelekile,

ngokukhathazeka kwakho kulobu busika,

ngenkathi ngaphandle lina.

Lonke ugu lwaseCatalonia lina

ngesihluku sangempela, ngentuthu nangamafu aphansi,

ukwenza izindonga zibe mnyama,

izimboni ezivuzayo, ezivuzayo

kuzindawo zokusebenzela ezingakhanyisi kahle.

Futhi amanzi ahudulela imbewu olwandle

incipient, ixutshwe odakeni,

izihlahla, izicathulo ezilunyonga, izitsha

ishiywe futhi yonke ixubekile

ngezincwadi zokuqala kubhikishelwe.

I-Loca

Ubusuku, obuhlala bungenangqondo,

kuyakuthukuthelisa — umbala

ye-gin embi, kunjalo

amehlo akho ama-bichas ambalwa.

Ngiyazi ukuthi uzophuka

ngenhlamba nangezinyembezi

uhlanya. Embhedeni,

lapho-ke ngizokuhlisa umoya

ngokwanga okungidabukisayo

zinike wena. Futhi lapho ulele

uzongicindezela

Njengondindwa ogulayo

Ngeke ngiphinde ngibe mncane

Leyo mpilo yayinzima

umuntu uqala ukuqonda kamuva

—Njengabo bonke abantu abasha, ngafika

ukuthatha impilo ngaphambi kwami.

Shiya umaki ebengikufuna

bese ushiya ukushaya ihlombe

-Ukuze baguge, bafe, babenjalo

ubukhulu betiyetha.

Kodwa isikhathi sesihambile

neqiniso elingathandeki lisondela:

guga, ufe,

ukuphela kwengxabano yomsebenzi.

Ukuthungatha uTom

Amehlo anesizungu, umfana omangele

ukuthi ngamangala lapho sibuka

kulelo hlathi elincane likaphayini, eduze kweFakhalthi Yezincwadi,

ngaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi nanye edlule,

lapho ngiyohlukanisa,

namanje groggy ngamathe nesihlabathi,

ngemuva kokuthi sobabili sizigqokile sigqoke ingxenye,

bajabule njengezilwane.

Ngiyakukhumbula, kuyahlekisa

Ngobunjani bokugxila kophawu,

kuxhunyaniswe naleyo ndaba,

isipiliyoni sami sokuqala sothando oluhlehlisiwe.

Kwesinye isikhathi ngiyazibuza ukuthi kwenzekeni kuwe.

Futhi uma manje kubusuku bakho eduze komzimba

isimo esidala siyabuya

futhi usahlola ukuqabula kwethu.

Ngakho-ke kubuya kimi kusuka esikhathini esedlule,

njengokukhamuluka okuhlangene,

umfanekiso wamehlo akho. Isichasiso

ngesifiso sami.

Isinqumo

Isinqumo sokujabula

ngaphezu kwakho konke, ngokumelene nabo bonke

futhi ngokumelene nami, futhi

Ngaphezu kwakho konke jabulani—

Ngithatha leso sinqumo futhi.

Kepha ngaphezulu kwenhloso yokuchibiyela

ubuhlungu benhliziyo buhlala njalo.

Ubusuku benyanga kaJuni

Ngikhumbula njalo

ubusuku obuthile ngoJuni walowo nyaka,

kucishe kufiphale, ebusheni bami

(bekungamakhulu ayishumi nesishiyagalolunye kubonakala kimi

amashumi amane nesishiyagalolunye)

ngoba kuleyo nyanga

Ngangilokhu ngizizwa ngingenakho ukuphumula, ukudabuka okuncane

kufana nokushisa okwaqala,

akukho okunye

ukuthi umsindo okhethekile womoya

kanye nesimo esingaqondakali sokuthinta.

Kwakungubusuku obungelapheki

nomkhuhlane.

Amahora esikoleni esiphakeme yedwa

nencwadi engakafiki isikhathi

eduze kompheme ovulekile ovulekile (umgwaqo

esanda kuniselwa yanyamalala

ngezansi, phakathi kwamahlamvu akhanyisiwe)

ngaphandle komphefumulo wokufaka emlonyeni wakhe.

Kukangaki ngikhumbula

kusuka kuwe, kude

ubusuku benyanga kaJuni, kangaki

zehla izinyembezi kimi, izinyembezi

ngokuba ngaphezulu kwendoda, bengifuna kangakanani

ukufa

noma ngiphuphe ngokuzithengisa kudeveli,

awukaze ungilalele.

Kodwa futhi

impilo isibambile ngoba impela

Akuyona indlela ebesikulindele ngayo.