Umusho kaFederico García Lorca.
Lapho umsebenzisi we-Intanethi efuna "izinkondlo ze-Generación del 27", imiphumela ikhomba emsebenzini wababhali abanjengoPedro Salinas, uRafael Alberti noma uFederico García Lorca. Kukhona nemibhalo kaDámaso Alonso, Jorge Guillén, Gerardo Diego, Emilio Prados, Vicente Aleixandre, Manuel Altoaguirre, Adriano del Valle, Juan José Domenchina noPedro García Cabrera.
Lolu hlu lubandakanya ukudalwa kwezinye izimbongi okuhlobene kancane nesizukulwane. BanguMiguel Hernández, uLeón Felipe, uJosé Moreno Villa, uFernando Villalón, uMax Aub noJoaquín Romero Murube. Ngendlela efanayo, iChilean enhle, UPablo Neruda wayexhunyaniswe kakhulu nabaculi beqembu lama-surrealist, ikakhulukazi uSalvador Dalí.
Isizukulwane sika '27
Leli kwakuyigama elinikezwe iqembu le-avant-garde literati, abadwebi kanye nezifundiswa ezavela ngo-1927. Indima yabasunguli bayo —UPedro Salinas, uRafael Alberti, uMelchor Sánchez Almagro noGerardo Diego— bekufanele akhokhe intela ULuis de Gongora I-1561 - 1627, lapho kuphela iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu yokufa kwakhe.
Abanduleli bale nhlangano babecabanga ukuthi uGóngora “uyena owabeka kakhulu izincwadi zamaBaroque zeGolden Age."ISpanishi. Kodwa-ke, iziqu zokuzalwa zaxoxwa nguSalinas uqobo, oqinisekise ukuthi amalungu eqembu awahambisani nomqondo kaJulius Peterson wokuthi "isizukulwane". Le ncazelo yomlando ilawulwa yile mibandela elandelayo:
- Ibanga elincane phakathi kweminyaka yokuzalwa kwamalungu ayo. Endabeni yeSizukulwane sama-27, ezinye zazo bezinokuhluka kweminyaka yobudala okufika eminyakeni eyi-15.
- Ukuqeqeshwa okufanayo kwezemfundo kanye / noma kwengqondo. Yize iningi lazo liqondane nendawo yokuhlala abafundi baseMadrid, babenjalo ubuzalwane besiko obunezici ezivamile zobuhle nefilosofi eyabiwe.
- Ubudlelwano bomuntu siqu. Ukukhuluma iqiniso, amalungu esizukulwane sama-27 ayeqoqwe ngambili ngambili noma ngama-trios; kwakungelona iqembu elihlangene kakhulu.
- Ukungenelela ezenzweni zakho ezihlangene kanye nokuba khona "komcimbi wokukhiqiza", obangela ukuhlangana kwamafa. Kuleli phuzu, intela yabasunguli bayo kuLuis de Góngora kanye nomcimbi we- "Sin Sombrero" yimicimbi emibili ebaluleke kakhulu weqembu.
- Ubukhona bomholi okhombekayo (umhlahlandlela).
- Akukho zibopho noma ukuqhubeka nesizukulwane esilandelayo. Mayelana nalokhu, izifundiswa zibheka ukuthi amanye amalungu ayo - ngokwesibonelo, uMiguel Hernández - ayengamalungu eSizukulwane sonyaka ka -36. Ulayini kaFranco.
- Ulimi oluvamile (isitayela esifanayo).
Izici zezinkondlo zesizukulwane sama-27
Uthembisene umshado
Izimbongi zeGeneration of 27 zazihlukanisa ngokuzibophezela kwazo kwezenhlalo nakwezombusazwe. Ngakho-ke, babengebona ababhali abashukunyiswa injabulo yokuqanjwa kwamaculo, ngoba izingoma zabo zazinenhloso yokuxhumana yokulahla umphakathi. Ngakho-ke, izinkondlo - njengezinye izinkomba zobuciko zale nhlangano - zaba yindlela yokuziveza nokubhikisha.
Ukucaphuna kukaMiguel Hernández.
Lo mkhuba ubangelwe ukuphenduka kweSpain phakathi nengxenye yesibili yama-1920 eya emphakathini onenqubekela phambili, onamalungelo amaningi. Ngakho-ke, ababhali beGeneration of 27 bakhombise umkhuba wezwe elizimisele kakhulu ukuhlanganisa umhlaba. Isampula sezinkondlo ezizinikele yinkondlo ethi "Ngibhalela bani" UVicente Aleixandre; isiqeshana:
"Ngibhalela labo abangangifundeli. Lowo wesifazane ngubani
Yehla ngomgwaqo sengathi ngizovula iminyango
entathakusa.
Noma lelo khehla elilele ebhentshini kuleso sikwele
intombazane encane, ngenkathi ukushona kwelanga nothando kumthatha,
ekuzungezile futhi ikushelela ngokucophelela kwizibani zayo ”.
Iyaqhubeka
Izimbongi zenhlangano zazinomqondo oqhubekayo wezincwadi nobuciko jikelele. Ngakho-ke, babehlose ukusungula amafomu amasha ezincwadi ukuze banikeze izinhlamvu umoya ovuselelwe. Kodwa-ke, lolu shintsho alufunanga ukuhlukana nesiko, ngoba inhloso bekungekhona ukuphika izinkondlo zaseSpain zamakhulu eminyaka adlule.
I-Avant-garde
Ababhali beGeneration of '27 bafuna ukuthola ukuhlanganiswa phakathi kwamafomu wendabuko nama-subgenres avelayo angaleso sikhathi. Okungukuthi, babengabaculi abaphendulayo maqondana nohlelo olusunguliwe, befuna ezinye izindlela zokubona nokuqonda umhlaba. Omunye wabaveleli abakhulu bezinkondlo eziqhubekayo kwakunguPedro Salinas.
Ngezansi kuncezu lwenkondlo ethi "Fe mía", ebhalwe nguSalinas:
"Angiyethembi i-rose
wephepha,
izikhathi eziningi ukuthi ngikwenze
mina ngezandla zami.
Angimethembi omunye
rose yangempela,
ndodakazi yelanga nesinongo,
umakoti womoya.
Okwakho engingakaze ngikwenze
kwakho ongakaze akwenze,
Ngiyakwethemba, round
umshwalense ongahleliwe ”.
Amanye ama-subgenres anamandla avelayo kuGeneration of 27
- Ukuqagula. Esinye sezibonelo ezaziwa kakhulu zezinkondlo ze-surrealist ezivela ku-Generation of 27 ukuqoqwa kwezinkondlo Mayelana nezingelosi (ukukhetha) (1929), nguRafael Alberti. Okulandelayo, ucezu lwenkondlo ethi "Los angeles colegiales":
“Akekho kithi owayeqonda lutho:
futhi kungani iminwe yethu yayenziwe ngoyinki waseChina
futhi ntambama kwavalwa imigoqo ukuvula izincwadi entathakusa.
Sazi kuphela ukuthi i-straight, uma ufuna, ingagobeka noma iphuke
nokuthi izinkanyezi ezizulazulayo izingane ezingazinaki izibalo ”.
- UbuDada
- Impressionism
- Ukuchazwa
- Ikusasa
- ICubism. Esinye sezibonelo ezaziwa kakhulu yi-calligram URose wokufa kushaywe nguFederico García Lorca lapho sinemininingwane.
Kuhlonishwe ifa leSpanish Golden Age
Ngaphandle kukaLuis de Góngora oshiwo ngenhla, amalungu enhlangano amukele okwakudala kweQuevedo, iLope de Vega kanye neGarcilaso de la Vega. Ngokususelwa kule mibhalo yasendulo, iGeneration of '27 izimbongi zakha izitayela ezintsha ngokuxuba lelo siko nemibono ye-avant-garde yangaleso sikhathi.
Izinkondlo ezidumile
Cishe zonke izimbongi zesizukulwane sama-27 zikhombise ukuhlonishwa okusuka enhliziyweni kwamafomu athandwayo.. Phakathi kwabo, iRomancero kanye neCancionero yendabuko, kanye nokudalwa kukaGil Vicente noJuan de Encina. Isampula salo mkhuba liyabonakala ku “El romance del Duero” kaGerardo Diego; isiqeshana:
"Wena, Duero endala, uyamamatheka
phakathi kwezintshevu zakho zesiliva,
ukugaya ngezothando zakho
ukuvuna okungazuzi kahle ”.
Inkululeko yokudala
Izimbongi zeGeneration of 27 zenza izingoma ngenkululeko ephelele ezingeni lemethrikhi nangendlela yesitayela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Ivesi lamahhala lalivame kakhulu phakathi kwababhali benhlangano. Kepha lokhu akuzange kubavimbe ekutholeni ulimi oluhlanzekile (futhi oluhlotshisiwe). Ngokuvamile basebenzise izingathekiso ukunikeza imiyalezo yabo ye-surrealist nemibono ngamandla amakhulu.