Amakhadi WaseMorocco

Izinhlamvu zaseMorocco.

Izinhlamvu zaseMorocco.

ICartas marruecas yinoveli epistolary ebhalwe ngumlobi waseSpain nendoda yezempi uJosé Cadalso. Ishicilelwe ngo-1789, ingesinye sezikhumbuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu semibhalo yase-Iberia yekhulu le-XNUMX. Ngokunjalo, lo msebenzi ubonwe ngokwakhiwa kwendaba yawo yoqobo futhi enesibindi, kushiya ama-paradigms amaningi wesikhathi sawo.

Eqinisweni, izazi eziningi zibheka imigqa yakhe, egcwele i-proseist yesimanje, nangaphambi kwesikhathi sabo. Kwenzeka okufanayo ngendaba, ngokuya ngokushintshaniswa kwezinhlamvu (ezingama-90 sezizonke) phakathi kwezinhlamvu ezintathu eziqanjiwe. Yize impikiswano iveza ukuhlaziywa okungeyona inhloso, kuyimbono evumayo kakhulu ngesimo esasikhona eSpain ngaleso sikhathi.

Umbhali, uJosé Cadalso

Impilo efanele incwadi kanye ne-movie

UJosé Cadalso y Vásquez de Andrade wazalelwa eCádiz, e-Andalusia, ngo-Okthoba 8, 1741. Ngokudabukisayo, umama wakhe washona ngesikhathi ebeletha futhi ubaba wakhe wahlangana naye eneminyaka engu-13.. Lo kwakungusomabhizinisi ocebile onezintshisekelo emazweni aseMelika, ematasa kakhulu ukuwela i-Atlantic futhi angcwabe umkakhe noma anakekele indodana yakhe.

Ubaba ongumJesuit uMateo Vásquez, umalume wophiko lukamama, wayemnakekela esemncane. Kamuva, wathuthela eParis ukuyoqhubeka nezifundo zakhe (enhlokodolobha yaseFrance ekugcineni wahlangana nobaba wakhe). Kamuva, Uhambele iNetherlands, i-Italy nezindawo zamaJalimane, waze wayohlala noyise eLondon.

Indoda "yezwe"

Ukuhamba njalo emadolobheni amaningana akhazimulayo aseYurophu kwanika uCadalso umbono womhlaba wonke wokuphila. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wazibonela kumuntu wokuqala ubungqabavu bomqondo okhanyisiwe. Ngenxa yalokho, uJoseph osemncane waba indoda ecabangayo.

Lo mugqa "oqhubekayo" wamlethela izingxabano ezinzima noyise.. Ngoba - njengalo lonke elaseSpain - ubaba wakhe wamukela izimiso eziqinile "zasendulo". Yikuphi okuhlangenwe nakho okuhle kunolwazi olutholiwe.

Ngobizo lwamaJesuit?

Ukuxabana kokuqala phakathi kukababa nendodana kungenxa yoku-oda kokuqala kwezingane zakhe ukuthi zifunde eSeminario de Nobles de Madrid. Kwakuyisikhungo esasinomsebenzi oyinhloko wokulungiselela abantu abasha ukwenza imisebenzi yezokuphatha, kude nanoma yimuphi umsebenzi wobuciko nobuciko.

Ukuze abalekele lesi "sijeziso", uCadalso wenza sengathi unentshisekelo yokuqeqeshwa njengomfundisi wamaJesuit. Empeleni, kwakuyiqhinga ngempela; ubaba wakhe wawulahla lo mthetho wezenkolo wambuyisela "ekukhanyisweni." Ngakho-ke, waphila isigaba sesibili esizinze "edolobheni lothando." Futhi, wahambela izwekazi wayofunda izilimi eziphilayo nesiLatini (ulimi olwalungasasetshenziswa ngaleyo minyaka).

Ukuphela kwe-idyll

UJosé Cadalso.

UJosé Cadalso.

Ukushona kukababa wakhe ngo-1761, lapho insizwa enezithombe yayineminyaka engama-21 nje kuphela, kwakuyi "call to Earth". Wabuyela eSpain ukuthola izindaba eziphazamisayo: inhlanhla endala kayise yayinyamalele ... Ngaphandle kwefa, wanquma ukujoyina ibutho. Lokhu kwakungukulangazelela kwakhe okudala esemusha, evotelwa okokuqala nguyise (akazange futhi axoxe nabesilisa abahlomile).

Kusukela lapho wahlanganisa ezothando ezinkulu nomsebenzi wakhe wokubhala kanye nemisebenzi yezempi. Ngenxa yalokhu, UCadalso ushone ngaphambi kwesikhathi ngo-1782, eyisisulu socezu lwesiqhumane okwamshaya ethempelini ngesikhathi elwa nomsebenzi owawuseGibraltar.

Ukuhlaziywa Izinhlamvu zaseMorocco

Ungathenga incwadi lapha: Izinhlamvu zaseMorocco

Umqondo

Ubusuku beGloomy y Izinhlamvu zaseMorocco umele i- okungeyona i-ultra ngaphakathi komsebenzi wokubhala kaJosé Cadalso. Ngenxa yezimo ezichazwe endimeni edlule, yomibili le misebenzi yashicilelwa ngemuva kokufa nangesitolimende. Iposi Labangaboni I-de Madrid yiyona eyayiphethe ukwenza le misebenzi evelele yaziwe umhlaba wonke.

UColonel - wayesanda kuthola lesi sikhundla ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe - wakhipha incwadi yakhe yezindaba ephawulekayo phakathi kuka-1773 no-1774. Akakwazanga ukunqoba ukuvinjelwa okulindelekile ngaleso sikhathi futhi, ngakho-ke, wayengenalo ithuba lokujabulela impumelelo yakhe empilweni.

Izingoma eziphazamisayo

Ngemuva kobukhulu beSpanish Golden Age, kamuva izincwadi zolimi lweSpanishi zangena emgodini obizwa kancane.. Ngemuva kobuhlakani bababhali abanjengoLope de Vega, uPedro Calderón de la Barca, uFrancisco de Quevedo, uTirso de Molina noma uSor Juana Inés de la Cruz (phakathi kwabanye), "bekungokwemvelo" ukuthi isigaba esilandelayo sithathwe njenge "simile ”.

Nokho, Izinhlamvu zaseMorocco wasebenza njengesiphakamiso esingajwayelekile sokuphinda ahambise izinhlamvu zeSpanishi. Ngenxa yenhlanganisela enkulu uhlobo lwe-epistolary ichaza ngokwengeziwe, ne-prose ecashile kakhulu egcwele izibalo ezilandelanayo.

Izinhlamvu

I-protagonist nguGazel, osemusha waseMorocco ovela emndenini ocebile osanda kufika eSpain eholidini.. Uyazazisa zonke izimo azibonayo ngokungagudluki futhi ulwela ukungaphazanyiswa izahlulelo zangaphambilini. Lokhu kuziphatha kubangelwa ikakhulu uthisha wakhe, uBen Beley, amgcina ejwayelene nakho konke okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe.

Ukucaphuna kukaJosé Cadalso.

Ukucaphuna kukaJosé Cadalso.

Ngalesi sizathu, uBeley uyaziqhenya kakhulu ngemizamo yakhe yomeluleki yokunqoba noma yimiphi imibono ekha phezulu noma ecatshangwe ngaphambili. Ngokolunye uhlangothi, UNunoñ, waseSpain oneminyaka yobudala obuphakathi, uqedela i-trident yabathumeli nabathumela imali. Lo mlingiswa umele isimo sokuqhubeka kombhali, umthandi weqiniso oshisekayo, onokholo oluncane kubantu bakubo, kepha ungumvikeli wezwe ongakhathali.

Ukuvinjelwa

Umbhali we-Andalusian akakwazanga ukubona umsebenzi wakhe ushicilelwa esikhathini sakhe sokuphila ngenxa yokugxekwa okuqinile komphakathi wase-Iberia okuvezwe kwezinye izindima Izinhlamvu zaseMorocco. Ngemuva kokuhlala eParis naseLondon, kanye nokuzibonela mathupha ukuchuma kwabantu emiphakathini yamaNtaliyane neyamaJalimane, ukubuyela kwakhe eSpain kwakucishe kube yinto ebuhlungu.

Ukunamathela kwesizwe sase-Iberia emibonweni edlule - nalabo abadlulile cishe kulo lonke elaseYurophu - kwakukubi kakhulu kuCadalso. Akumangalisi ukuthi lesi sikhundla simenze wangqubuzana noyise (esakazwe phakathi "kwezincwadi zakhe zezindatshana"). Ngokunjalo-ke, bekungumbono odelelwa yimikhakha edla ngoludala kanye neyamasiko, yize isikhathi sigcine sikufakazisile ukuthi kulungile.


Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula

Shiya umbono wakho

Ikheli lakho le ngeke ishicilelwe. Ezidingekayo ibhalwe nge *

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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.