Izincwadi zikaJules Verne

Ukukhuluma ngezincwadi zikaJules Verne ukukhuluma ngomunye wamagugu amakhulu ezincwadini zomhlaba. Lo mbhali kanye nembongi wazalwa ngoFebhuwari 8, 1828 eNantes, eFrance. Umsebenzi wakhe obanzi wedlulile futhi waziwa umhlaba wonke njengomunye weminikelo emikhulu futhi ebaluleke kakhulu eholele ekuqaleni kohlobo lwenganekwane yesayensi ezincwadini. Ngemuva kwempilo egcwele imicimbi, eneminyaka engama-77 futhi esabhala, wabulawa yisifo sikashukela.

UVerne wayeyindoda enomcabango ngaphambi kwesikhathi sakhe, futhi lokho kwabonakala ngokusobala emsebenzini wakhe, empeleni, kunamaqiniso amaningi anelukuluku ngempilo yakhe. Akagcinanga nje ngokuza nemibono yokubona, futhi wakwazi nokuchaza amagajethi namadivayisi abebonakala sengathi awasile ngaleso sikhathi, kepha aqanjwa ngasikhathi sinye. Noma kunjalo, ivelele kulo lonke elaseYurophu ngesitayela sayo se-surrealistkudala ngaphambi kokuba abikezele ikusasa kumanoveli akhe anamuhla.

Ngaphambi kwezincwadi

Njengoba eyizibulo lezelamani ezinhlanu futhi evela emndenini ocebile, uVerne uqede ngempumelelo izifundo zakhe zokuqala eSaint-Stanislas College. Kamuva waya eRoyal Lyceum yaseNantes futhi waphothula izifundo zakhe njengomfundi ovelele. Ngaso sonke leso sikhathi UJulio waqala ukuhehwa yisayensi, futhi waba nothando olukhulu lwezinkondlo.

Ngo-1847, exhaswa nguyise, wathuthela eParis eyofundela ubumeli. Lapho wangena emibuthanweni yezincwadi futhi wahlangana nabantu ababenethonya elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni umsebenzi wakhe, njengo-Alexandre Dumas ubaba, kanye nendodana yakhe. Ngaleso sikhathi uJulio wabhala lo mdlalo U-Alexander VI, futhi saqala kanjalo isigaba sakhe njengombhali wemidlalo.

Ngenkathi eseDolobheni Lokukhanya wenza ubungani nabalingiswa abaphumayo ngaleso sikhathi. Kwakunjalo ngoNadar, ubaba wezithombe zasemoyeni, umculi wokuqala owathatha iFrance esibhakabhakeni ebekwe ebhaluni lomoya oshisayo. Ngokusebenzisa, UVerne waba nentshisekelo ngombono wokuhamba ngendiza kanye namathuba ayo amakhulu.

Ngo-1849 wagcina ethweswe iziqu zobumeli, egcwalisa isifiso sikayise. Kodwa uJulio, engenandaba, wenqaba umqondo wokuphishekela umsebenzi wakhe. Kamuva, ngenxa yokwenqaba kwakhe, usizo lwemali aluthola emndenini wakhe lwahoxiswa.

Ukuntuleka kwakhe kwemali, ukudla kanye nengcindezi kwamholela ekuhluphekeni ngezinkinga ezahlukahlukene zempilo ehambisana nomgudu wokugaya ukudla, ngaphezu kokulimaza isifo sikashukela, wachaza lokhu kunina ngencwadi. Ukusuka lapho, uJules Verne waqala ukuzinikela ngokuphelele ezincwadini.

UJules Verne, wake wathandana

Eminyakeni eyishumi nanye, uVerne wathandana nomzala wakhe, uCoralie; wagqugquzela izinkondlo zakhe zokuqala. Eqinisweni, wagibela umkhumbi wabathengisi owawubhekise e-Indies ukuze amtholele elengayo leparele njengobufakazi bothando lwakhe. Kodwa-ke, uyise wakuthola lokho futhi wamenza wehla esikebheni ngokushesha. UJules Verne osemncane waqala ukubhala izindaba kusukela lapho.

Eminyakeni edlule, lapho eseyohlala eParis, uCoralie wathembisa umshado futhi wazinikela ekufundeni nasekubhaleni. Kwaze kwaba ngo-1856 lapho waba nesithakazelo kowesifazane. NgoJanuwari 1857 washada noHonorine Deviane Morel, owesifazane owayesengumfelokazi futhi enamadodakazi amabili; UValentine noSuzanne.

UVerne ushade ukuze kube lula futhi futhi ngenhloso yokugcwalisa isikhala somzwelo, kepha umshado awumsizanga ekuqedeni izinhlungu zakhe, akazange ajabule. Ngemuva kweminyaka emine behlala ndawonye, ​​uHonorine wakhulelwa ingane yokuqala kaJulio, uMichel Verne., futhi kulezo zikhathi umbhali wayelungiselela ukuya ohambweni.

Ukugqugquzela

UJulio waqala ukubhala esemncane emuzwa ugqugquzelwe yizindaba uthisha wakhe amtshela zona ekilasini ngomyeni wakhe, owayengumatilosi. Umbhali wayenothando olweqisayo lokufunda futhi wayethanda ukuqoqa izindatshana ezihlobene nesayensi nomagazini. Wayengumuntu womcabango ojulile, hhayi ize imishwana yakhe iphakathi kwezincwadi ezinhle kakhulu emhlabeni.

Ngesikhathi ehlala eParis wachitha amahora amaningi emtatsheni wezincwadi efuna ukufunda konke. Usebenzise ingxenye enkulu yemali uyise ayemthumele yona ukuze athenge izincwadi, ikakhulu ezenzelwe: ezobunjiniyela, ukufundwa kwezinkanyezi nezwe.

Kusukela ngo-1859 uJulio waqala ukuthola uthando lokuhamba futhi wathola umthombo oyinhloko wokugqugquzela ukubhala ngazo. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani nenkolelo evamile, uhambo lukaJules Verne empeleni lwalulutshwana kakhulu.

I-athikili ehlobene:

UJules Verne: ukudala ngezizathu zokwenza okuthile

Izingcezu zezinye zezincwadi ezidume kakhulu zikaJules Verne

Nazi izingcaphuno ezivela kweminye yemisebenzi edume kakhulu kaJules Verne:

Emhlabeni jikelele ngezinsuku ezingama-80

“Isitimela besisuke ngesikhathi esinqunyiwe. Wayephethe izihambeli eziningi, ezinye izikhulu, izisebenzi zikahulumeni kanye nabadayisi be-opium kanye nabakwa-indigo ayebabiza ngomgwaqo wakhe engxenyeni esempumalanga yenhlonhlo… ”.

Amaligi Ayizinkulungwane Ezingamashumi Amabili Ngaphansi KoLwandle

"Ngempela, isikhathi esithile imikhumbi eminingana ibihlangana" nento enkulu kakhulu "olwandle, into ende, fusiform, kwesinye isikhathi i-phosphorescent, enkulu kakhulu futhi ishesha ukwedlula umkhomo ...".

Ingqikithi yezincwadi zikaJules Verne

Okuningi Imisebenzi kaVerne imayelana nokuzidela nokuhambela izindawo ezingaziwa, lapho kungekho muntu owake waba khona. Kepha uJulio wayenezici eziningana emsebenzini wakhe wokuba ngumbhali.

Ekuqaleni, njengobaba wezindaba eziqanjiwe zesayensi, amanoveli akhe ayehlobene kakhulu nokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe. Eminye imisebenzi kusuka kulesi sigaba yile: Ukusuka eMhlabeni kuya enyangeni, I-Adventures kaCaptain Hatteras, Uhambo oluya esikhungweni somhlaba.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isihloko samanoveli akhe saba sibi ngokwengeziwe futhi sangabi ngaphezulu kwe-surreal.. Uqhubekile nokusebenzisa izindaba eziqanjiwe zesayensi, kepha manje ibuye ifake ama-biographies, abalingiswa abaningi, nokuhambela izindawo ezikhona ngokoqobo. Imisebenzi yakhe ivelele: Emhlabeni jikelele ngezinsuku ezingama-80 y Izwe lama-furs.

Ekugcineni, Eminyakeni yakhe yokugcina ukukhathala kwakhe kwaqashelwa, futhi imikhiqizo yakhe yezincwadi ikhombisa ubumnyama obuningi nokungabi nathemba. UVerne wayeka ukuthwebula isayensi njengento eyayizuzisa intuthuko yabantu. Esikhundleni salokho, wayisebenzisa njenge-vortex edla umphakathi eceleni kwezepolitiki nobungxiwankulu. UJulio umemezele izinhloso zakhe emisebenzini efana nale: U-Adamu ongunaphakade, futhi Ukuxoshwa kukaJonathan.

Ukuhlela nokukhiqiza

Ukuqala kukaJules Verne emhlabeni wezincwadi kwakungelula. Ngo-1862, egqugquzelwa nguNadar, uJulio waphendukela kumhleli wakamuva womsebenzi wakhe omkhulu, uPierre-Jules Hetzel. Umbhalo wesandla ohanjisiwe bekungoka Amaviki amahlanu ebhaluni, umsebenzi wokuqala owavula uchungechunge lwezihloko ezakhayo Uhambo olungavamile.

Ngemva kwalokho, UJulio wamukela inkontileka eyayinikezwa nguHetzel, eyayisho ukuthi wayezobhala izincwadi ezimbili ngonyaka ngama-franc angu-20.000 XNUMX., okwakudingeka athuthele e-Amiens. Imikhiqizo yokuqala ye- Uhambo olungavamile zashicilelwa kumagazini wezincwadi kaHetzel, iMagasin d'Éducation et de Récréation.

UHetzel wayekhathazekile ngokubonakala kwe- Uhambo olungavamile lapho eqaphela ukuthi umphakathi ukhangwa nguye. Ngakho-ke waqala ukuklama amakhava ezihloko ngenqubo yamakhadibhodi. Le ndlela iqukethe ukubeka umsebenzi usebenzisa amakhadibhodi esembozweni esimbozwe ngendwangu efekethisiwe ngemicu. Lokhu kungeze ukubaluleka nokuthandwa kakhulu ezincwadini zikaVerne, kwabenza baduma emphakathini ophakeme.

Ifa

Esesembhedeni wakhe wokufa ngo-1905, uJules Verne wabhala Uhambo olungavamile, y ngemuva kokufa kwakhe, imisebenzi yakhe eminingi yaqhubeka nokushicilelwa. Enye yazo "inoveli yakhe elahlekile", Paris ngekhulu lama-XNUMX, yabhalwa ngo-1989, futhi yanyatheliswa ngo-1994.

Ulwazi nemicabango kaJulio kwamholela ekubeni akhiqize imisebenzi enesisindo esikhulu kuhlobo lwezindaba eziqanjiwe zesayensi kanye nezincwadi zomhlaba wonke.. Maphakathi nekhulu le-XNUMX, uVerne wayengaphambi kwentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe; futhi wayehlala azi ukuthi inganekwane yakhe yayingelutho olunye ngaphandle kweqiniso lekusasa.