Kuthathwa njengenye ye- ababhali abakhulu baseSpain bekhulu lama-XNUMX, Miguel Delibes (Valladolid, 1920) wanikela ngengxenye enkulu yempilo yakhe emsebenzini owasungulwa ngemuva kwempi yaseSpain ukwenza izwe lazi ngemiphumela yokuthenga abathengi kanye nokucindezelwa kwezindinganiso ezithile zokuziphatha zomhlaba wonke. Eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili ngemuva kokushona kwakhe, amanoveli kaDelibes aqhubeka nokusha futhi edingeka endaweni yokubhala egcwele izingoma zakhe, ukubonakaliswa kwakhe nokulingiswa kwaseshashalazini. Ake sihlole indlela i-biography nezincwadi ezinhle kakhulu zikaMiguel Delibes.
Umlando we-Miguel Delibes
Uzalo lwesiFulentshi neSpanishi, uMiguel Delibes wazalelwa eValladolid lapho afunda khona esikoleni samabanga aphezulu kwaze kwaba ngu-1936. ihlobo labo kumasipala waseMolledo, eCantabria, lapho kukhuliswa khona uyise futhi impilo yakhe ethule ingakhuthaza uthando lomlobi lokuzingela nemvelo, izingqikithi ezimbili ezilokhu zivela emsebenzini wakhe. Ukungena kwakhe emhlabeni wabantu abadala kwaqondana ne- Impi Yombango YaseSpain lokho kwamphoqa ukuba abe yingxenye yomkhumbi waseMallorcan lapho asebenza khona njengevolontiya ngaphambi kokubuyela eValladolid.
Ngalesi sigaba esisha, wakwazi ukuphothula iziqu eSikoleni Sezentengiselwano futhi wafundela nezomthetho, ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho ukubhaliswa kwakhe eSikoleni Sezobuciko Nemisebenzi eValladolid kwamvumela ukuba waqashwa njengomdwebi wamakhathuni ngo-1941 wephephandaba i-El Norte de Castilla. Ngo-1946 wangenwa inkontileka umshado no-Ángeles de Castro, lapho abhekise khona ezikhathini eziningi ngokuthi "ugqozi lwakhe olukhulu."
Ngemuva kokuzinza njengoprofesa wezomthetho, umyeni ojabulayo nobaba womfana ogama lakhe linguMiguel, uDelibes waqala ukubhala umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala, Isithunzi se-cypress sinwetshiwe, umsebenzi awuthola umklomelo kaNadal ngo-1947, ukuhlanganisa umsebenzi owalandelwa eminye imisebenzi efana ne-Still is by Day, eyahlolisiswa ngenkathi ishicilelwa ngo-1949, noma i-El camino, ngo-1952. Isikhathi esiningi esaqondana nokuzalwa kwezinye izingane zakhe ezintathu: Ángeles, UGermán no-Elisa, ngaphezu kokuqokwa kwakhe njengephini lomqondisi we-El Norte de Castilla.
Ama-50s angesinye sezikhathi sombhali esasizala kakhulu, ngokushicilelwa kweminye imisebenzi efana nendodana yami ekhonzwe uSisí, The Game, Diary yomzingeli (owawina iNational Narrative Prize) noma iDayari yezindaba ezifudukayo, ezikhona zabadala eziqala phansi noma abantu abamakwe yimpi. Ukuzalwa kwengane yabo yesihlanu, uJuan, ngo-1956 nokuqokwa kwakhe njengo- umqondisi we-El Norte de Castilla babezomaka ukuthintwa kokuqedwa kweminyaka eyishumi ehlukile nokuqala konyaka othembisa ngokwengeziwe.
Ama-60 ayemelwe usuku olukhulu lweDelibes Njengombhali, uqondana nokuzalwa kwezingane zakhe u-Adolfo noCamino. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe evelele sithola ama-Las ratas, owine umklomelo wabahlaziyi noma, ikakhulukazi, Amahora amahlanu noMario, ethathwa njengencwadi yakhe enhle kakhulu futhi okokuqala kokuqala ngemuva kokushiya i-El Norte de Castilla ngenxa yezingxabano ezahlukahlukene noManuel Fraga nokuhlala isikhashana e-United States, lapho asebenza khona njengoprofesa ovakashele e-University of Maryland.
Ngama-70s, kwaqanjwa amaDelibes Ilungu leRoyal Spanish Academy kanye ne-Hispanic Society of American. Eminyakeni elandelayo kwaphawulwa ngemidwebo ehlukile yefilimu nezeshashalazi yemisebenzi yakhe, ngenguqulo yeshashalazi yamahora amahlanu no-Mario abalingisa noLola Herrera eyimpumelelo ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1974s.
Ama-80s azosho ukuhlanganiswa komsebenzi wakhe ne ukushicilelwa kwemisebenzi efana neThe Holy Innocents noma ukubonwa okufana ne-Prince of Asturias Award. Umsebenzi kaDelibes waba yisethenjwa semibhalo ebalulekile hhayi eSpain kuphela, kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-Atlantic, wathumela izwi lomlobi ozofika kusihlwa ngo-1998, unyaka lapho athola khona ukuthi unomdlavuza wekoloni angazange awuthole kuwo ukuze alulame ngokuphelele, lokhu kuyimbangela yokufa kwakhe ngoMashi 12, 2010.
Izincwadi ezihamba phambili zikaMiguel Delibes
Umthunzi we-cypress unwetshiwe
Ophumelele umklomelo kaNadal ngo-1947, Umthunzi we-cypress unwetshiwe imele ubungqabavu obugcwele izikhathi ezineziyaluyalu ezifana neminyaka yangemva kwempi eSpain. Isifundo esisifunda ku-protagonist yayo, intandane encane uPedro ofundiswa uDon Mateo oyisoni edolobheni lase-ilavila elikhula ngaphansi kwenkolelo yokuthi, ukuze uphile empilweni, kuyadingeka ukuthi ubalekele abanye futhi ungakhombisi uthando oluncane noma imizwa kwabanye abantu.
Amagundane
Ishicilelwe ngo-1962 futhi Abagxeki abawina umklomelo ngonyaka owodwa kamuva,Amagundane icacile isola i-latifundio, noma ukuthambekela kwamakhosi acebile ukuxhaphaza izingcezwana ezinkulu zomhlaba kusetshenziswa abantu bendawo abasebenzela bona. Isimo esimbozwe encwadini ngumfana owaziwa njengo-El Nini, insizwa wonke umuntu aphendukela kuye ukuthola izeluleko enikezwe amandla akhe okufunda imvelo nomhlaba edolobheni elihlushwa usizi okuholela kuzo izikhala ezinkulu zenhlalo.
Amahora amahlanu noMario
Ubuciko bobuciko obungenakuphikiswa, Amahora amahlanu noMario, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1966, ulandisa amahora amahlanu achithwa ngumuntu wesifazane ebheke isidumbu somyeni wakhe egumbini elinetafula eliseceleni kombhede libonisa ikhophi leBhayibheli elinezigaba eziningana ezidwetshelwe. Uhlaka oluphelele lokuboniswa kowesifazane okhumbula impilo yakhe, amaphutha akhe nokuvela kwakhe okuholele ekwexwayeni okuhlukile kwempilo, umphakathi kanye nokungabi nabulungisa kwekhulu lama-XNUMX eSpain. Umdlalo waguqulelwa indawo yeshashalazi kaningana futhi waba ugqozi kuPaco León kwifilimu uCarmina y amen.
Abamsulwa abangcwele
Ishicilelwe ngo-1981, Abamsulwa abangcwele yathathwa njengenye ye- "Amanoveli ayi-100 amahle ngeSpanishi" ka-El Mundo kucatshangelwa amandla aso amakhulu njengomsebenzi ogxeka ukungalingani kwezenhlalo zaleso sigungu sabaphathi baseSpain sekhulu lama-XNUMX. Ihlelwe endlini yokulima epulazini e-Extremadura, inoveli ilandisa ngezinkinga umndeni owakhiwe nguRégula, Paco nezingane zabo ezine okufanele babhekane nazo, bonke abangabasebenzi benkosi yendawo edonsela ukucindezelwa nokwedelelwa kwenkathi ethile.
Umhlubuki
Umsebenzi wokugcina omkhulu wamaDelibes Yanyatheliswa ngo-1998 futhi iyisipho esicacile kuValladolid wakubo ngezikhathi zikaCarlos V, ngekhulu le-XNUMX. Isikhathi lapho inkululeko yokucabanga yaphawulwa khona Izinguquko zikaLuther Kubonwe ngamehlo omthengisi uCipriano Salcedo. Inoveli okuthi, yize ihambile ngesikhathi, iphishekele inhloso efanayo neminye yemisebenzi yakhe eminingi: isizungu, uthando kanye nokubonakaliswa kwalabo abazama ukukhululeka ezweni elibekiwe.
Ungathanda ukufunda Umhlubuki?
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