Izincwadi ezithengisa kakhulu

Ngaphandle kweBhayibheli - elinamakhophi angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezinhlanu - izincwadi ezithengwa kakhulu emlandweni zabhalwa ngaphambi kwekhulu lama-XNUMX. Ingabe mayelana Don Quixote (1605), nguMiguel de Cervantes kanye Umlando wemizi emibili (1859), nguCharles Dickens. Kuze kube manje, lezi zihloko ezimbili zibhalise amakhophi angaphezu kwezigidi ezingamakhulu ayisihlanu namakhulu amabili ezigidi athengisiwe, ngokulandelana.

Ekhulwini lama-XNUMX uhlu lwezincwadi ezinempumelelo enkulu yokushicilela seluholile INkosi yezindandatho, INkosana encane y IHobbit. Ngakho-ke,  Umbhali waseBrithani uJRR Tolkien uphethe imibhalo yokuqala neyesithathu edayiswa kakhulu kulelo khulu leminyaka. Ngokufika kwenkulungwane entsha yeminyaka, udumo lwehlele kuJK Rowling. Futhi, umdali wezwe likaHarry Potter uzuze indawo ezobiza ukumketula esihlalweni sobukhosi.

INkosi yezindandatho (1954), nguJRR Tolkien

Umongo nokujwayela

Ishicilelwe emiqulwini emithathu maphakathi nawo-50: Ukubambisana Kweringi, IMibhoshongo emibili y Ukubuya kweNkosi. UTolkien ekuqaleni wakhulelwa njengokuqhubeka kwe- IHobbit. Yize icebo lalo empeleni landulelwa ngu AbakwaSilmarillion. Lapho iTolkien ilandisa khona ngezehlakalo zeNkathi yokuQala neyesiBili yeLanga. Lokho kungukuthi, inkathi yezindololwane nokukhuphuka kwamadoda.

Ngokufanayo, imisakazo eminingi, imidlalo yaseshashalazini nethelevishini yokuzivumelanisa INkosi yezindandatho bakwenze kwaba ukuxoxa izindaba okuthandwa kakhulu kwekhulu lama-XNUMX. Futhi-ke, I-trilogy yamafilimu enziwe nguPeter Jackson igcine isenza lesi sicoco sidume umhlaba wonke. Akumangalisi ukuthi ibekwe phakathi kwama-sagas ayishumi aphakeme kakhulu kunawo wonke.

Ukuxabana

Umhlaba ophakathi nendawo indawo enkulu eqanjiwe ehlala amadoda, ama-hobbits, ama-elves, ama-dwarves, nezinye izidalwa ezinhle. Lapho, UFrodo Bolson, i-hobbit evela ku-The Shire izuza i-One Ring. Lapho ethola ubucwebe obudalwe yiNkosi Emnyama, uqala uhambo oluyingqophamlando noluyingozi eningizimu ukuluchitha.

Umsebenzi ongenakugwenywa, ukubaluleka kwawo kufingqwe kulo musho olandelayo: “… Indandatho yokubabusa bonke. Indandatho yokubathola, indandatho yokubadonsa bonke futhi ibabophele ebumnyameni eZweni LikaMordor lapho kusabalala khona iShadows ”.

INkosana encane (1943), ngu-Antoine de Saint-Exupéry

Umqondo

INkosana encane Yincwadi efundwa futhi ihunyushwe kabanzi kunazo zonke olimini lwesiFulentshi emlandweni. Ngokusho kwabezindaba njenge Okwezwe, Angaphezulu kwezigidi eziyi-140 amakhophi ale ncwadi athengisiwe. Ngokunjalo, lo msebenzi ube yindatshana yemidlalo eminingi kumafilimu, imidlalo yeshashalazi nakumabonakude.

Unyaka ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwe- INkosana encane, I-Exupéry yanyamalala phakathi nendawo yokuhlola kabusha phakathi neMpi Yezwe II. Lezi zimo zanikeza umoya wenganekwane kumuntu owayedume kakhulu embuthweni wezindiza waseFrance.

Isiqubulo

INkosi uPeter —Isihloko sokuqala ngesiFulentshi- yindaba enesigqi esihambisana nemidwebo (ama-watercolor) eyenziwe ngumbhali uqobo. FUTHIu-protagonist ungumshayeli ophahlazekile ogwadule lwaseSahara; lapho uhlangana nenkosana encane evela kwenye iplanethi. Yize ukulandisa kwakhe kunezici zendaba yezingane, iqukethe ukucabanga kwefilosofi ngesimo somuntu nenjongo yempilo.

Ezingxenyeni eziningana zendaba, ukugxekwa maqondana nombono abantu abadala ababhekana nakho ukuba khona kwabo kuyabonakala kakhulu. Kwesinye seziqephu ezinjalo, inkosi inxusa isikhulu esincane ukuba sizihlulele. Ngokufanayo, ukuxhumana phakathi kwenkosana encane nempungushe kukhombisa ukugqama kobungani nokuba yinkimbinkimbi kobudlelwano babantu.

Isimo seHarry Potter

"Umbhali wesaga esidume kakhulu kule minyaka engamashumi amathathu edlule ubesemthonjeni: ngaphandle komsebenzi, ngaphandle kwemali nangokulilela ukufa kukanina ngenkathi edala ukufundela imilingo" (Ukucaciswa, 2020). UJoanne Rowling wagcwalisa umbhalo wakhe wokuqala kaHarry Potter ngo-1995. Lo mbhalo wenqatshwa ngabashicileli abaningi kuze kube yilapho iBloomsbury ikhipha amakhophi okuqala ayi-1997 XNUMX ngo-XNUMX.

Ukuhlanjululwa kwemibhalo ebikade ilindelwe kwenzeka ngemuva kokuvela kwesahluko sesithathu se-saga ngo-1999. Ukutholakala kwamalungelo wokumaketha e-United States ngumshicileli iScholastic nakho bekungukhiye.. Osekungumlando: Eminyakeni engama-20 kamuva, isaga sikaHarry Potter siqoqa izincwadi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-500 ezithengisiwe futhi inani lomkhiqizo walo lidlula amadola ayizigidi eziyi-15.000.

Indaba kaHarry Potter ngamafuphi

Izincwadi eziyi-7 ezakha lolu chungechunge zilandisa ngempi phakathi kukaHarry Potter, umlumbi osemncane oyintandane, kanye nombulali wabazali bakhe, uLord Voldemort. Iningi lalesi senzo senzeka ngaseHowarts, isikole saseBrithani sobudlova nobusiyazi obuphethwe uProfesa Albus Dumbledore onamandla. Lapho, i-protagonist ihlangana nabangane bayo abakhulu nezikwele eziqotho, uHermione Granger noRon Wesley.

Uhlu lwezihloko ezakha isaga seHarry Potter

• Harry Potter futhi itshe lesazi sefilosofi (1997).
• UHarry Potter kanye neChamber of Secrets (1998).
• UHarry Potter nesiboshwa sase-Azkaban (1999).
• UHarry Potter neGoblet yoMlilo (2000).
• UHarry Potter kanye ne-Order of the Phoenix (2003).
• UHarry Potter kanye neHalf-Blood Prince (2005).
• UHarry Potter kanye neDearly Hallows (2007).

Ngokwengeziwe, ngo-2001 Izilo ezinhle nokuthi ungazithola kuphi. Mayelana nalokhu, isiqhwaga sefilimu uWarner Bros uhlela ukwethula isifundo sempilo. Kuze kube manje, sekukhishwe ngempumelelo amafilimu amabili ochungechungeni alingisa u-Eddie Redmayne.

Ezinye izihloko ezihlobene

• UHarry Potter kanye nengane eqalekisiwe. Iskripthi setiyetha, esethulwe ngoJulayi 2016.
• Quidditch phakathi neminyaka (2001). Kuyinto ibhukwana emidlalweni oyithandayo yabalumbi baseHowarts.
• Izinganekwane zeBeed Beard (2012).

UDan Brown nendodana yakhe yolahleko: URobert Langdon

UDan Brown ungumbhali wesibili othengisa kakhulu ngekhulu lama-XNUMX ngenxa yomlingiswa wakhe oyisithonjana uRobert Langdon, uprofesa onguchwepheshe wezimpawu nezithombe. Phakathi kwezincwadi ezinenkanyezi neLangdon, ngaphandle kokungabaza, Ikhodi yeDa Vinci (2003) yiyona ephumelele kakhulu (idlula amakhophi ayizigidi ezingama-80 athengisiwe).

Njengokungathi lokho bekunganele, Umlingisi owine umklomelo uTom Hanks umenze waphila kuzo zombili izinguquko ezinkulu ezenziwa esikrinini kukhiqizwe kuze kube manje. Kubhalwe ngezansi ezinye izihloko ezibhalwe nguBrown ngomlingiswa wakhe weHarvard Docent:

• Izingelosi Namademoni (2000).
• Uphawu olulahlekile (2009).
• Inferno (2013).
• Origen (2017).

Izincwadi Zokuthengisa ezihamba phambili zango-2020

Uhlu lwezincwadi ezithengisa kakhulu i-2020 ngesiSpanish luyaphakama I-Aquitania, nguSpanish Eva García Sáenz de Urturi. Lesi silinganiso siqinisekisa umzuzu omuhle kakhulu wokubhala nowentengiso wombhali weVitorian, owaziwa kakhulu ngabafundi abakhuluma iSpanishi ngeTrilogy yakhe yaseWhite City. Kanye no-Urturi, kuvela omunye umbhali wamanoveli osenyakatho yeSpain, uDolores Redondo waseDonostia.

I- "top 5" yokuphumelela kokuhlela kuka-2020 iyakuqedela Inkosi emhlophe, nguJuan Gómez Jurado, Infinity emhlangeningu-Irene Vallejo futhi Umugqa womlilongu-Arturo Pérez-Reverte. Ngokolunye uhlangothi, I-Amazon ikhomba ku Isikole esimangalisa kunazo zonke emhlabeni, nguPablo Aranda, njengombhalo wezingane othengiswa kakhulu wango-2020.

I-Aquitania (2020), ngu-Eva García Sáenz de Urturi

I-Aquitania kuyashaqisa Thriller umlando ngekhulu leminyaka lokujeziswa, izihlobo kanye nempi. Le noveli iqala ngonyaka we-1137, lapho uMbusi wase-Aquitaine - ifence efunwa kakhulu eFrance - etholakala efile eCompostela. Ngalesi sizathu, u-Eleanor, indodakazi kaDuke, ushada nohlelo lokuziphindiselela nendodana yenkosi yaseGallic, uLuy VI amanoni.

Kodwa-ke, inkosi yaseFrance ibonakala ifile maphakathi nomshado ngendlela efanayo naleyo yombusi. Kubo bobabili abangasekho isikhumba saphenduka saba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi bamakwa "ngokhozi olunegazi" (ukuhlukunyezwa kwakudala kukaNorman). Ngemuva kwalokho, U-Eleanor noLuy VII baphendukela ezinhloli ze-Aquitaine (ezibizwa ngokuthi "amakati") ukucacisa amaqiniso. Kuzo, ingane eyake yalahlwa izoba ukhiye ekusaseni lombuso.

Amalungelo eNgelosi (2009), nguDolores Redondo

Ukuvela kwenoveli eyashicilelwa ngo-2009 phakathi kohlu lwezincwadi ezidayiswa kakhulu ngo-2020 kuyamangaza kancane. ukuthandwa kwalesi sihloko "kungumphumela obuyile" wobubanzi beBaztán Trilogy eyenziwe nguRedondo. Le ncwadi isuka kwasekuqaleni ngokulandiswa kwesibopho sobungane obuseduze phakathi kwamantombazane amabili aneminyaka emihlanu nokudlula emhlabeni komunye wawo.

Intuthuko iqukethe ukuhlolwa kwengqondo okujulile. Lichaza ukwehlela esihogweni sikaCeleste, umlingiswa oyinhloko, kuze kube yilapho kuvezwa amalungelo engelosi. Njengoba imibuzo eyahlukahlukene evelile endabeni iya icaca, umfundi uholelwa esiphethweni esimangazayo.

Infinity emhlangeni (2019), ngu-Irene Vallejo

Lesi sihloko sithole imibono evumayo kakhulu kubantu abavelele kwezemibhalo abanjengoMario Vargas Llosa, Alberto Manguel noJuan José Millas, phakathi kwabanye abaningi. Ngokulinganayo, imiklomelo eminingi eqoqwe yilolu shicilelo iyibeka njengencwadi enhle kunazo zonke engeyona inganekwane ngeSpanishi yango-2020. Ezinye zazo zishiwo ngezansi:

• Umklomelo We-Critical Eye we-Narrative 2019.
• Umklomelo we-Owl weBhuku elihamba phambili 2019.
• Umklomelo Kazwelonke Wokukhuthaza wezifundo zeLatino 2019.
• Umklomelo Womtapo Wezincwadi waseMadrid, ibhuku elihamba phambili elingasilo iqiniso 2019
• Umklomelo Kazwelonke We-Essay 2020.

Umugqa womlilo (2020), ngu-Arturo Pérez-Reverte

Le ncwadi ingumphumela wophenyo lwe-titanic olwenziwe yintatheli yaseMurcian u-Arturo Pérez-Reverte. Umbhalo uzicwilisa ngezimbangela, ukuthuthuka kanye nemiphumela yempi yombango yaseSpain ngombono wokuzigxeka. Kuphi umbhali akanqikazi ukuchaza igciwane lesiko lodweshu nokuthi ezinye zale mikhuba emibi ye-idiosyncratic ziqhubeka kanjani kuze kube namuhla.

Ukulandwa kwesiqephu esichitha igazi eliningi kulo mncintiswano, i-Battle of the Ebro, kushaqise kakhulu, njengoba abangaphezu kuka-20.000 30.000 bashonile kwathi abangu-XNUMX XNUMX balimala. Ngendlela efanayo, UPérez-Reverte unikezela isigaba esihle somsebenzi wakhe omkhulu (amakhasi angaphezu kuka-700) ukugqamisa indima yabalwi besifazane. Futhi-ke, ngaphandle kokuthatha uhlangothi nhlangothi zombili.

Inkosi emhlophe (2020), kaJuan Gómez-Jurado

Futhi isihloko Indlovukazi ebomvu 3, Inkosi emhlophe yingxenye yesithathu yetrilogy ehlonishwa kakhulu ngumphakathi nabagxeki bemibhalo. Njengabandulelayo, le ncwadi ingena kwiwebhu ehehayo neluthayo yemidlalo, ama-manias, ukukhohlisa kanye ne-psychoanalysis. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akucaci kubafundi ukuthi ngabe le volumu kuzoba ngeyokugcina noma ngabe kuzoba nezinye izindaba ezizolingisa u-Antonia noJon.

Isikole esimangalisa kunazo zonke emhlabeni (2020), nguPablo Aranda

Le ncwadi ibithengiswa kakhulu ngo-2020 esigabeni sezingane ngokusho kwezibalo ze-Amazon. Kuyindaba ebhekene noFede, umfundi wengane wesikhungo esikhuluma izilimi ezimbili (iSpanish-English) ebonakala ngezindlela ezihlukile zokufundisa. Ngokwezinga elingaka, ukuthi ukulandisa okuhlekisayo nokungathandeki kuthatha izici ze-surreal.

Lapho, izingane zilala ekhaya kuphela ngezimpelasonto. Yebo, kusukela ngoMsombuluko kuya kuLwesihlanu umzali ngamunye ubhekene nomfundi wokuqala abamtholayo. Ebhekene nalesi simo, eumbalisi wezehlakalo - kumuntu wokuqala - uxazulula okungaziwa ngokuqonda kwakhe kwengane kanye nokuqagela okuyindumasi.