Izinganekwane ezibekiwe ngokuzayo, ngokuvamile zikhuluma ngeqiniso le-dystopian elithathe ubuciko nezinhlamvu amashumi eminyaka, bekulokhu kungenye yezinhlobo ezishayelwa ihlombe kakhulu abafundi. Ubufakazi balokhu yilobu izincwadi ezinhle kakhulu zesikhathi esizayo okuholele abangaphezu koyedwa ukuzibuza ukuthi ngabe uMhlaba, njengoba sazi namuhla, usendleleni ehamba phambili yini.
The Time Machine, ebhalwe ngu-HG Wells
Eminyakeni eminingi ngaphambili U-Orson Welles uhlwanyela ukwethuka eMelika ngokusakaza ukuqoshwa komsakazo okwakuxwayisa ngokufika kwabafokazi abavela kule noveli kaHG Wells Impi Yezwe, omunye wababhali ababona kakhulu esizukulwaneni sakhe wethula Umshini wesikhathi, umsebenzi ogqamile wezincwadi eziqanjiwe zesayensi. Washicilelwa ngo-1895, lo msebenzi wakhonza ekwenzeni igama elithi «isikhathi Machine»Ngalokhu umlingiswa omkhulu, usosayensi wekhulu le-802.701, ahamba ngonyaka ka-XNUMX ukuthola ubukhona bezidalwa ezibizwa ngo-Eloi ngaphandle kwesiko noma ubuhlakani. Okwakudala.
Izwe Elisha Elinesibindi, ngu-Aldous Huxley
O isimanga esingaka!
Zingaki izidalwa ezinhle ezilapha!
Sihle kanjani isintu! Hawu mhlaba ujabule
lapho kuhlala abantu abanjalo.
Lawa magama ashiwo ngumlingiswa kaMiranda kulo mdlalo Isiphepho, nguWilliam Shakespeare, kungaba ugqozi oluhle kuHuxley lapho ebhala Umhlaba ojabulayo, umsebenzi wakhe omkhulu kunayo yonke futhi izincwadi ezinhle kakhulu zesikhathi esizayo. Ishicilelwe ngo-1932, le ndaba isisa emphakathini wabathengi osekelwa yi i-hypnopedia, noma ikhono lokufunda ngamaphupho isetshenziswe kubantu abatshalwe ngomfanekiso nangokufana nomugqa womhlangano. Izwe "elijabule" liphumelele ngokubonga ukucindezelwa kwamasiko, ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke noma umqondo "womndeni" emhlabeni njengoba sazi namuhla. Isambulo (esesabekayo) impela.
Mina, irobhothi, ngu-Isaac Asimov
- Umthetho wokuqala wamarobhothi: Irobhothi alikwazi ukulimaza umuntu noma, ngokungasebenzi, livumele umuntu ukuba alimale.
- Umthetho wesibili: Irobhothi kufanele lithobele imiyalo enikezwa ngabantu, ngaphandle kwalapho kungqubuzana nomthetho wokuqala.
- Umthetho wesithathu: Irobhothi kufanele livikele ubuqotho balo, inqobo nje uma lokhu kungavimbeli ukuhambisana nomthetho wokuqala nowesibili.
Le mithetho emithathu yasebenza njengesisekelo se- I-Foundation Trilogy, iqoqo lezincwadi nezindaba u-Asimov aba nazo obonwayo ngesikhathi, ngawo-30, lapho isayensi yayiqala ukuphuma. Kuzo zonke izindaba ezifakiwe, i-Yo robot kungenzeka ukuthi idume kunazo zonke, emele ngendlela elandisa ngokwengeziwe ukungqubuzana okwenziwe irobhothi ekhulelwe njengomlingani omkhulu womphakathi ngokuzayo hhayi kude kakhulu.
Ngo-1984, nguGeorge Orwell
La Impi Yezwe Yesibili kukhuthaze inkolelo kubacabangi abaningi ukuthi abantu bangaba yisitha sabo futhi basebenzise ubushiqela ukonakalisa inkululeko yabantu. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1949, ukwethulwa kwencwadi ka-Orwell kwamukelwa ngabafundi abathola emakhasini ayo isambulo okwase kumenyezelwe isikhathi eside. Ihlelwe eLondon yonyaka we-dystopian 1984, inoveli yethula insiza edumile ye- Ubhuti Omkhulu, umfelandawonye omkhulu wamaPhoyisa Okucabanga uma kukhulunywa ngokulawula umphakathi lapho ukucabanga noma ukuveza imizwa yakho ngendlela ehlukile kunaleyo esungulwe kungavunyelwe ngokuphelele. Eminyakeni eminingi emva kuka-1984, umphakathi awukakanqotshwa yi-panorama enjalo ye-dystopian, kepha ukulawula okusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obusha noma ubushiqela obukhona buqinisekisa ukuthi, mhlawumbe, asikho kude kangako.
Ungathanda ukufunda 1984nguGeorge Orwell?
UFahrenheit 451, nguRay Bradbury
Kubhekwe kanye ne-World World yangaphambilini ka-1984 ne-Brave njengo "trinity" ka amanoveli we-dystopian zesikhathi sethu, Fahrenheit 451 iba ireferensi eqonde ngqo emibhalweni, ubuciko obuzobeka ingozi yesintu esikhathini esizayo, ngoba bubenza bacabange kakhulu futhi baqale ukuzibuza imibuzo. Ngakho-ke umlingisi ophambili, isicishamlilo okuthiwa uGuy Montag, unikezwe umsebenzi oyindida wokushisa izincwadi. Igama lenoveli, elibhekisela izinga lokushisa esikalini seFahrenheit lapho izincwadi ziqala ukushisa khona (okulingana no-232,8ºC), kudonswa ngqo ethonyeni lenye yezikhuthazo ezinkulu zikaBradbury, u-Edgar Allan Poe, ukusitshela indaba eyingozi njengoba inamandla yaguqulwa yabhayisikobho ngo-1966 ngumbonisi uFrançois Truffaut.
Umgwaqo, nguCormac McCarthy
Ikhulu lama-XNUMX selibe yisikhathi esihle senoveli ye-dystopian neyekusasa, iguqula uhlobo lube yinjini yamasiko ehamba phambili uma kuziwa ekuboniseni. Isibonelo esihle Umgwaqo, enye ye amanoveli amahle kakhulu aseMelika kule minyaka engamashumi amabili edlule futhi kukhonjiswe ngempumelelo yayo yokuthengisa noma UPulitzer noJames Tait Black Memorial Awards uMcCarthy bathole ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwencwadi ngo-2006. Beka umhlaba ozayo obhujiswe yinhlekelele engachazwanga encwadini, umdlalo ulandela ezinyathelweni zikababa nendodana yakhe emhlabeni othulini, isizungu futhi, ngaphambi kwakho konke , indlala, imbangela enkulu eholela abalingisi abaphambili ukubhekana namazimu amasha eplanethi efayo.
The Hunger Games, kaSuzanne Collins
Esimweni esizayo sePanem, iCapitol ibusa izifunda eziyi-12 ezikhungethwe ububha. Kungakho umholi onobuqili uSnow unyaka nonyaka ebamba umfana ovela esifundazweni ngasinye ukuncintisana emncintiswaneni wethelevishini obizwa Imidlalo Yendlala, lapho i-mission iqukethe ukuqeda bonke abaphikisi kuze kube yilapho iwina. Isiko eliphonselwa inselelo ngemuva kokufika kwe- Katniss Everdeen, protagonist wezitolimende ezintathu ezashicilelwa ngo-2008, 2009 nango-2010, okuholele kwabadumile I-saga yefilimu edlala indawo kaJennifer Lawrence. Enye yamanoveli we-dystopian aphumelele kakhulu kubantu abasha bezikhathi zakamuva nomthombo wokhuthazo kweminye imisebenzi eminingi efanayo efana I-divergent noma i-The Maze Runner, eyanyatheliswa eminyakeni eyalandela.
Ziyini, kuwe, izincwadi ezinhle kakhulu zesikhathi esizayo emlandweni?