ICuba, isiqhingi esingafundwa futhi.
Yize isiqhingi esidume kakhulu eCaribbean siqala ukuvuleka kancane kancane emhlabeni, kuneminyaka eminingi lapho abantu baseCuba becindezelwe umbuso wobukhomanisi obasunduzele ukuxoxa izindaba ezibheke olwandle, kusuka eMalecón egcwele izindaba ezimnandi. Lezi zincwadi ezinhle kakhulu zemibhalo yaseCuba zikhuluma ngemithi yesundu nezinhlekelele, zosizi nokumamatheka kepha, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ngethemba lomhlaba ongcono.
Izincwadi ezihamba phambili zemibhalo yaseCuba
UCecilia Valdés noma iLoma del Ángel, nguCirilo Villaverde
Ishicilelwe emiqulwini emibili ngo-1839 nango-1879 eyahlanganiswa kabusha kumagazini wokugcina ngo-1882, umsebenzi ka-Villaverde uthathwa njenge inoveli yokuqala yaseCuba futhi yindaba isethwe eCuba ngo-1830, ekhuluma ngeqiniso lama-mulattoe nezigqila zamahhala ezandleni zemindeni yaseSpain. Inoveli, yalowo mlingiswa othandana naye owejwayelekile ngekhulu le-XNUMX, ilandisa indaba yothando phakathi kukaCreole Cecilia noLeonardo, abangazi ukuthi bangabazalwane futhi bayizingane zikababa oyedwa, usozigidi uCándido de Gamboa. Le noveli yaba isihloko se-zarzuela yaseCuba eguqulwe eminyakeni edlule eyabhalwa nguGonzalo Roig.
Ungathanda ukufunda UCecilia Valdés noma iLoma del Ángel?
IGolden Age nezinye izindaba, zikaJosé Martí
Umdali we ICuban Revolutionary Party futhi isibalo esimele kakhulu isibalo se- Ukuzimela kweCuba, UJosé Martí wayebuye abe yimbongi yesimanjemanje nombhali wamanoveli imisebenzi yakhe, kwesinye isikhathi eyayigubuzelwa yizenzo zakhe zezepolitiki, yaphinde yatholwa njengesihlanganisi sezinhlamvu zeSpanishi zekhulu le-XNUMX. IGolden Age yisibonelo esihle, ukuhlanganiswa kwe- izindaba ezimfishane eziphathelene nefantasy, ubuqhawe, nobulungiswa kubhalelwe "izingane zaseMelika" kodwa kunconyelwe ngokuphelele abantu bayo yonke iminyaka.
Umbuso walomhlaba, ngu-Alejo Carpentier
Phakathi neminyaka uCarpentier ayichitha eYurophu, ukuzinikela waba elinye lamathonya akhe amakhulu. Umsinga ahamba nawo ngesikhathi ebuyela eCuba kanye nokucwiliswa kwakhe emhlabeni wamasiko nemikhosi eyenzelwe phakathi kwesiqhingi sakhe neHaiti eseduze engaholela ekutheni Umbuso walomhlaba, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1949. Inxusa lomqondo we «okumangalisayo ngempela»Njengokujwayelekile kweNguquko yaseHaiti, le noveli ilandela ezinyathelweni zesigqila uTi Noél, ukumelwa kwezinkolelo zemilingo zase-Afrika, esikhathini esinenkathazo sabantu abamnyama baseHaiti ababuswa ngonya ngonya lwaseYurophu. Enye ye- imisebenzi emele kakhulu yezincwadi zaseLatin American zesikhathi sonke.
Amahlosi amathathu adabukisayo, nguGuillermo Cabrera Infante
Ishicilelwe ngo-1965, futhi kamuva ngo-1967 kuhlelo olulungisiwe, Amahlosi amathathu adabukisayo, okuqhamuke ku-twister yolimi lwezingane oludumile lwaseCuba, ilandisa ngabangani abathathu abahlekisa ngesimo sabo sobumpofu ngobusuku obubodwa eHavana. Kugcwele i- Ama-colloquialisms aseCuba okukhuthaza "ukufunda inoveli ngokuzwakalayo" ngokwenothi elicacisayo ekuqaleni komsebenzi obhalwe ngu-Infante uqobo, inoveli kwavinjelwa eCuba nguFidel Castro Yize kwakungomunye wemisebenzi esemqoka ngesikhathi okuthiwa yi "Latin American boom" ngawo-60.
Paradiso, kaJosé Lezama Lima
Yize yanyatheliswa ngo-1966, Inoveli yokuqala kaLima isivele yakubona ukukhanya ngo-1949 ngokushicilelwa kwezahluko zayo zokuqala ezimbili. Itshe lesikhumbuzo eliyindida yonke imithetho yezincwadi zendabuko ukuxoxa indaba yembongi uJosé Cemí kusukela ekuzalweni kwakhe kuye eminyakeni yakhe yokuqala yasekolishi, ukulungisa inoveli yokufunda enesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi esibekela inselelo ukuqonda komfundi. Umdlalo, udunyiswe kusukela ngomzuzu wokuqala wokushicilelwa ngu-Octavio Paz noma uJulio Cortázar, Naye waba isizathu ukungamukeleki Revolution Ngekubuka yayo udayi we-homoerotic.
Ngabe awufundanga okwamanje Paradiso?
Before Night Falls, nguReinaldo Arenas
Ngaphambi kokuzibulala ngoDisemba 7, 1990 ngenxa yokuxilongwa yi-AIDS okwagcina kudle izinsuku zakhe zokugcina eNew York, uReinaldo Arenas washiya le ncwadi njengefa. Ubufakazi bempilo enzima eCuba kumlobi wobungqingili futhi ophikisana nombuso kaCastro ongayekanga ukumshushisa waze wabaleka esiqhingini ngo-1980. Njengoba wawushubile futhi upholisa amandla, umsebenzi waguqulwa waba yibhayisikobho ngo-2001 nge Javier Bardem njengo-Arenas, lapho aqokelwa khona i-Oscar ye-Best Actor. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, enye yezincwadi ezinhle kakhulu ezincwadini zaseCuba.
Lee Ngaphambi Kokuwa Kwasebusuku nguReinaldo Arenas.
Ukuthula, nguKarla Suárez
Ishicilelwe ngo-1999, Athule waba yikho konke okuhamba phambili sibonga isisekelo esivumele umhlaba ukuthi ubhekane nesimo saseCuba, ikakhulukazi ngamehlo wentombazane okuthi, ngenkathi idlulela ekuvuthweni, iqonde bonke ubudlelwano babantu ahlala nabo ngaphansi kwethonya lombuso waseCuba.
Bonke bayahamba, nguWendy Guerra
Isifiso sokushiya isiqhingi lapho uhulumeni ebeka khona isiphetho sabakhileyo kuye kwaba njalo ngesinye sezihloko ezivame kakhulu ezincwadini zaseCuba, ngaphandle kokuthi bambalwa abeza ukuzokhuluma nazo ngokuqinile Wonke umuntu uyashiya uWendy Guerra. Kuchazwe njengedayari, umsebenzi uyasho Impilo kaSnow Guerra kusuka eminyakeni engu-8 kuye kwengu-20 ubudala, isikhathi lapho abantu abaningi abamaziyo bebalekela khona, bonke bephupha ngomhlaba ongeke ubathole eCuba. Inoveli uwine Umklomelo Wokuqala weNoveli Bruguera ngo-Mashi 2006 futhi yaguqulwa yabhayisikobho nguSergio Cabrera ngo-2014
Indoda eyayithanda izinja, nguLeonardo Padura
Umphathi we ubuqiniso obungcolile, ULeonardo Padura kungenzeka abe omunye ababhali baseCuba abanethonya elikhulu emibhalweni yangaleso sikhathi omsebenzi wakhe omkhulu ngokungangabazeki Indoda eyayithanda izinja. Ishicilelwe ngo-2009, le noveli isitshela izinkumbulo zika-Iván, udokotela wezilwane, mayelana nokuhlangana kwakhe ngo-1977 nendoda eyayiphelezelwa ama-greyhounds amabili ebhishi laseCuba cishe eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu edlule. Kwakungaleso sikhathi lapho lowo mngane omusha aveza imininingwane eminingi ngobudlelwano phakathi kukaLeón Trotsky nombulali wakhe, uRamón Mercader, kuze kube yilapho behlangana khona eMexico. Isithombe asisebenzisayo uPadura ukwenza umbono wakhe ngeCuba eminyakeni yakhe yakamuva.
Ngokucabanga kwakho, yiziphi izincwadi ezinhle kakhulu zemibhalo yaseCuba?
Kulabo okukhulunywe ngabo, ngifunde iThe Golden Age, uCecilia Valdés, Tres Tristes Tigres, Indoda Eyayithanda Izinja ne-Before Night Falls, ngokwami ngincoma kakhulu inoveli esanda kushicilelwa ekhuluma ngodaba lokuthuthela kwelinye izwe, ibizwa nge-A KIDNEY OKWAKHO GIRL (umbhali uLourdes María Monert) emnandi, ejulile futhi ethinta inhliziyo,
Kuzithoba kakhulu. Akukho betseller eCuba ukukala ukuthandwa noma imingcele noma abagxeki ngomsebenzi onjalo ongahloniphi.
Uhlu luqukethe kuphela ezinye zezincwadi ezinhle kakhulu, kufanele ngithi ababhali bezincwadi zamanoveli. Akekho uWendi, noma uPadura noKarla abakhulu. Izinkanyezi azikho, yize kuvela uMartí, Cabrera Infante, Lezama Lima noReinaldo Arenas. UZoe Valdés, Severo Sarduy, Heberto Padilla, Virgilio Piñera, Lidia Cabrera, Lino Novás Calvo, Daína Chaviano, Benítez Rojo, nabanye abaningi akukhulunywa ngabo. Abasha abasuka ekudingisweni akukhulunywa ngabo, noma abasha abavela esiqhingini. Ngokuqondene nezincwadi ezinhle kakhulu, leso esinye isihloko. Ngiyabonga
UJorge Gallardo? Ngabe ulokotha usho uZoe Valdés phakathi kwezincwadi zakudala zaseCuba? UDania Chaviano? Ungazihluphi nxazonke mngani. Futhi ngubani engqondweni yakhe efanele ongabeka uReinaldo Arenas? ... ha ha ha !!