Izigqoko ezintathu eziphezulu.
Izigqoko ezintathu eziphezulu ngumdlalo ovuselele uhlobo lwamahlaya phakathi nesikhathi esinzima eSpain naseYurophu. Lesi sitayela esisha sasizobhapathizwa maphakathi nekhulu lama-XNUMX ngokuthi "singenangqondo". Lokhu kubonakaliswa kwakwenyanya imiyalo yendabuko yaseshashalazini yaseshashalazini, yize ngaphandle kokuzihlukanisa ngokuphelele nohlelo olujwayelekile olwenziwe ngendlela, ukungqubuzana nomphumela.
Ibhalwe ngu UMiguel Mihura e 1932, Izigqoko ezintathu eziphezulu ayizange inyatheliswe kwaze kwaba ngo-1947 futhi isiteji sayo sokuqala saba ngo-1952. Kungukubonakaliswa okunembe ngokwedlulele kokunye ukuthambekela kwe-avant-garde yangaleso sikhathi, njengethiyetha lokuzibophezela kanye nelezepolitiki, elahlukaniswa izingqikithi zalo ezibucayi ngokungqubuzana komphakathi. Lo mkhuba ubuye wavelela ukuthuthukiswa kolimi lwezinkondlo njengendlela yokuvusa nokuveza imizwa.
Sobre el autor
Ukuzalwa nokuhweba kokuqala
UMiguel Mihura wazalelwa eMadrid, eSpain, ngoJulayi 21, 1905. Uyise wayengumlingisi owaziwayo enhlokodolobha yaseSpain, lapho akhula ejwayelene kakhulu nemidlalo yeshashalazi. Imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala yayiba njengomlobi wephephabhuku nomdwebi wamakhathuni komagazini abanjengo UGutiérrez, Macaco, Amahlaya Amahle y Muchas Gracias. Ngawo-1920s naye wasebenza njengentatheli.
Ukufika kwe- Izigqoko ezintathu ikhophi
Ngo-1932 kwafinyelela umvuthwandaba Izigqoko ezintathu eziphezulu, ithathwa njengomunye wemisebenzi yobuciko yaseshashalazini yaseSpain. Kodwa-ke, ukwamukelwa kwendalo yakhe akwenzekanga ngokushesha, kwenzeka eminyakeni engaphezu kweyishumi ngemuva kokusungula nokuqondisa lo magazini phakathi kuka-1941 no-1946 Izigwaca, incwadi ebhekwa njengokubaluleka okukhulu emlandweni wamahlaya aseSpain.
Eminye imisebenzi
Amanye amahlaya aphawulekayo kaMihura afaka phakathi Phila okungenakwenzeka! noma umgcinimabhuku wezinyanga (njengombhali-mbhali, 1939), Akampofu noma acebile, okuphambene nalokho (1943), Icala lowesifazane obulewe (1946), Isinqumo esihle kakhulu! (1955), UMaribel nomndeni ongajwayelekile (1959) futhi UNinette nomnumzane waseMurcia (1964), phakathi kwabanye. Inkululeko, ukungahambisani nezinkambiso ezivamile zomphakathi kanye nokukhululwa kwabesifazane kuyizindikimba ezivamile ezindabeni zakhe.
Ukuqashelwa neminyaka edlule
Umsebenzi wakhe wakamuva, Uthando nenyanga kuphela okuletha inhlanhla, isukela ngo-1968. Ngokwengeziwe, ubambisene ekwandisweni kwemibhalo ye-cinematographic kwimikhiqizo ebalulekile efana ne- Uyemukelwa uMnu. Marshall (ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kukaLuis García Berlanga). UMiguel Mihura wakhethwa ngo-1976 ukuba abe ngusihlalo K weRoyal Spanish Academy of the Language, kepha-ke akazange afunde inkulumo yenkulumo. Ushone ngo-Okthoba 1977, eMadrid.
UMiguel Mihura.
Umongo wezigqoko ezintathu eziphezulu
Ukufanekisa
I-Symbolism ingenye yezici ezihlukile zomsebenzi owenziwe nguMihura. Kuzethulo zakhe umcabango udlala indima efanelekile ukukhombisa nokuvusa imizwa. Ngokufanayo, ukulandisa kugqamisa ukuphikisana kokuziphatha komphakathi ngaleso sikhathi, kanye nenkinga yobunikazi edalwe ukungqubuzana phakathi kokubukeka okuhlosiwe neqiniso.
Ukuchazwa
Ukuzwela kwesici sokuveza kuyisetshenziswa esivamile lapho kuchazwa ukusebenza kwengqondo kwabalingiswa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi zonke izakhi ezikhona kumdwebo ngamunye (amaphathi akusihlwa noma izigqoko ezihlelwe ngendlela ethile egumbini, ngokwesibonelo) zimelela izimpi ezithile ezisengqondweni yomuntu ngamunye.
Ukubhuqa
UDionisio, i-protagonist, uhlanganisa ukungqubuzana kwangaphakathi okuhlukunyezwe abantu abaningi abavela emakilasini okunotha lapho kufanele banqume phakathi kobukhona obujwayelekile obuhleliwe - obuyisicefe, empeleni - noma impilo yobuciko enamaqhina ambalwa, okungalindelekile futhi okungaqondile. Umbhali usebenzisa ukubhuqa ukuhleka ubugwala balabo abakhetha ukuhlala bephephile kwabaziwayo esikhundleni sokungaqiniseki okuthakazelisayo. Lokhu kusikhumbuza Itiyetha yamahlaya aseSpain yekhulu lama-XNUMX leminyaka.
Ukuhlaziywa kwesimilo se-puritanical
Ekuthuthukisweni kwendaba, kunokuhlala kudelelwa ama-clichés ajwayelekile kanye ne-corny commons yokuziphatha kwe-puritanical kanye nemigomo ye-protocol yomphakathi wobunxiwankulu. Ngemuva kwalokho, uMihura wasizakala ngemvelo esekisini ukusebenzisa ifomula entsha ephawulekayo ebuswa izinombolo ze-acrobatic, imimes, ulimi olungenangqondo nefantasy, ngokufanayo, izinkinga zansuku zonke zisondelwa ngethoni ehlekisayo.
Esinye isizinda sokucatshangelwa somsebenzi
Ngokusho kukaRosa Martínez Graciá noCaridad Miralles Alcobas (2016), "umsebenzi wabhalwa ngenxa yokuhlukana kothando ngenkani". Ngokusobala, iqiniso nenganekwane kuxutshwe ndawonye nokuzindla kombhali ngemikhawulo yonya lomuntu. Imicabango ethathwe "ngohambo lwakhe nenkampani i-Alady, ulwazi lwakhe ngehholo lomculo namantombazane adansayo, kanye nesimo sakhe somzwelo" nakho kuyahlangana.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo sezigqoko ezintathu eziphezulu
Umsebenzi uhlukaniswe ngezenzo ezintathu. Isandulela sikhombisa umshado ongalingani osondelene kakhulu nokwenzeka, phakathi kwesisebenzi esimpofu esizimele esizimisele ukwamukela ukuqokwa kwamasiko onxiwankulu nentokazi ecebile esezingeni eliphakeme. Ngale ndlela, umlingiswa ophambili (uDionisio) unethemba lokuqinisekisa uzinzo lomnotho nokuthula impilo yakhe yonke ngemuva kweminyaka eyisikhombisa bethandana.
Umthetho i
Esenzweni sokuqala, uDionisio uhlala ehhotela elincane lesifundazwe ngosuku olwandulela umshado wakhe kanye noMargarita, indodakazi kaDon Sacramento. Okwamanje lapho uDon Rosario - umnikazi wehostela - emkhombisa khona igumbi. Kamuva, uPaula, umdansi omuhle oyingxenye yenkampani kamagazini, ungena ngokushesha. Ekuqaleni wayefuna ukumfaka ebumnyameni ngokusebenzisa uBuby omnyama. Kepha uPaula wenza amaphutha ku-Dionisio njenge-juggler ngoba uzama izigqoko zakhe eziphezulu zomkhosi lapho evela. Ngemuva kwalokho wonke amanye amantombazane avela enkampanini angena endaweni yesehlakalo kanti uDionisio uvumela ukuphikelela kukaPaula kokummema emcimbini oqala kamnandi egumbini elilandelayo.
Ukucaphuna kukaMiguel Mihura.
Umthetho ii
Isenzo sesibili siqala ngoDionisio (osevele eneziphuzo ezimbalwa ngaphezulu) ejabule kakhulu phakathi nephathi. Ngasikhathi sinye, kuba nokungqubuzana phakathi kukaPaula namalungu amaningi enkampani. Lokhu kuthakazelelwa kakhulu lapho eqabula uDionisio bese benza amalungiselelo okushiya ndawonye. Uma kukhulunywa iqiniso, uPaula naye unezifiso zakhe zokugqashula empilweni yakhe yansuku zonke enzima njengomdansi.
Umthetho iii
Esenzweni sesithathu, yonke inkohliso kaDionisio noPaula iyaphela lapho kuvela uDon Sacramento. Ufika ezokhuza umkhwenyana wakhe wakusasa ngokungaziphenduli izingcingo eziningi uMargarita azenza kuye ubusuku bonke. Ngaleso sikhathi uPaula uyaqonda ukuthi uDionisio akayona i-juggler, ngoba empeleni unomshado oseduze nempilo ehleliwe.
UDionisio ukuveza ngokusobala ukuthi akafuni ukushada. Kodwa uPaula uyamsiza agqoke futhi amnikeze isigqoko sesine (kufanelekile ngokwenqubo yentombazane) ukuthi wayejwayele ukudansa eCharleston. Ekugcineni, uDionisio uqondiswa nguDon Rosario ngenkathi ebingelela umdansi osele ecabanga ngezinye izigqoko ezintathu eziphezulu… aziphonsa emoyeni ngokukhala.