Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ababhali abaningi basishiyele izibonelo zama-eclogue ezifundwe, zahlaziywa futhi zahunyushwa. Nokho, nakuba namuhla leli gama libonakala lingasasetshenziswa futhi liyingxenye yezincwadi ezingenalo ikusasa, iqiniso liwukuthi kungase kungabi njalo.
Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi iyini i-eclogue futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, isibonelo sayo, ngezansi sithole okungajabulisa ukukwazi (uma ungakazifundi okwamanje).
Yini i-eclogue
I-eclogue ichazwa njengokwakheka lapho imizwa, imizwa, ukucabanga kufanele kudluliselwe… Kwesinye isikhathi, ababhali basebenzisa kule ngxoxo lapho abalingiswa ababili noma ngaphezulu babamba iqhaza; kodwa futhi kungenziwa njenge-monologue.
Esinye sezici eziyinhloko ze-eclogue indikimba ewumgogodla eyohlala ihlobene nemizwangokuvamile uthando.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi i-eclogue yokuqala ekhona yabhalwa uTheocritus, ikakhulukazi ekhulwini lesine ngaphambi kukaKristu. Isihloko salo kwakusithi "Idylls" okusho ngesiGreki sasendulo "izinkondlo ezincane". Kunjalo, abanye ababhali balandela, abafana noBion of Ermyrna, Virgilio, Giovanni Boccaccio...
Ngezikhathi zamaRoma yayithandwa kakhulu futhi kwenzeka okufanayo ngeRenaissance. Ngakho ngeke kumangaze uma ibuyela emfashinini.
Izici ze-eclogue
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi sike sasho ezinye izici ze-eclogue, iqiniso liwukuthi inokuningi okwengeziwe. Lapha siwafingqa:
umculo wakhe
Singasho ukuthi i-eclogue iyafana nenkondlo futhi lezi zijwayele ukuba nomculo. Ngakho endabeni ye-eclogue kwakuzokwenzeka into efanayo.
Isizathu yingoba wonke amavesi aqanjwe ngawo anemvumelwano yongwaqa ngendlela yokuthi imisindo iqondane. futhi udale isigqi nomculo.
Eqinisweni, lapho bemelela kujwayelekile ukuthi ziphelezelwa uma ziculwa ngomculo.
Ingqikithi yothando
Lona ingenye yezici eziyinhloko futhi okufanele ihlale ikhona. Kungase kube yingoba isiqephu sothando sihlobene, ngenxa yokuthi uphuma endleleni yakhe ngenxa yothando lwakhe, noma ngenxa yothando olungafuneki.
Kodwa njalo, uthando luyohlala luyindikimba eyinhloko.
Personajes
Kulokhu, ama-eclogues zibonakala ngokuba nabalingiswa abangabelusi noma abantu abampofu, nakuba iqiniso liwukuthi, njengoba lalithuthuka, lokhu kwashintsha.
Ukwakheka kwayo
i-eclogue kufanele ibe nezigaba ezingu-30, ngasinye sibe nemigqa eyi-14 engaba ama-hendecasyllables (amagama ayishumi nanye) noma ama-heptasyllables (amagama ayisikhombisa).
Futhi, imvumelwano yawo wonke kumele ibe ngongwaqa, okusho ukuthi, amazwi okugcina emavesini, akunandaba ukuthi amabili noma ngaphezulu, anomsindo ofanayo.
Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, ama-eclogues qala ngokwethula abalingiswa, kungaba ngomxoxi noma bona ngokwabo. Kujwayeleke ukuthi uthole ukuthi umbhali ubeka igama lalowo mlingiswa phambili ukuze konke okuza ngemuva kube yingxenye yakhe, kube sengathi ubekusho.
Ngemva kokwethulwa kuvela ukuvezwa kwaleyo mizwa ngomlingiswa noma ngabalingiswa, njalo ngendlela yezinkondlo.
Ekugcineni, isiphetho se-eclogue sigxile endleleni umbhali abachitha ngayo abalingiswa bese enza isiphetho sesihloko asidalile.
Ababhali abadumile nama-eclogues
Akungabazeki ukuthi ama-eclogues abe khona isikhathi eside futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu kukhona abalobi abathile ababhekwa njengezibonelo ze-eclogues zendabuko, zakudala nezibalulekile.
UTheocritus kufanele kuthiwe igama lokuqala, njengoba wayenguyise walaba. Nokho, ngemva kwakhe kwavela amanye amagama abaluleke ngokulinganayo.
Isibonelo, icala likaMosco, iBion yaseSmirna noma iVirgilio, okuyilapho baduma khona ngempela futhi zaduma nakakhulu.
Ababhali abadumile, ngaphandle kokungabaza, nguNemesiano, Ausonio noCalpurnio Siculo, kanye noGiovanni Boccaccio, Jacopo Sannazaro.
Ngokuqondene nabaseSpain, Kufanele sigqamise u-Lope de Vega, oguqule amafomula etiyetha futhi okusebenzayo njengokuthi "Isithandwa seqiniso" noma "La Arcadia" kusasele; UJuan Boscán, enama-eclogue ngendikimba yokufundisa; I-Garcilaso de la Vega, ethi "Isililo esimnandi sabelusi ababili" noma "Phakathi nobusika yilowo ofudumele"; UJuan del Encina; Pedro Soto de Rojas nabanye abengeziwe.
Izibonelo ze-eclogue
Okokugcina, sifuna ukukushiyela izibonelo ezimbalwa zama-eclogue esiwatholile ku-inthanethi ukuze ubone ukuthi yini umphumela wokusebenzisa konke esikushilo ngaphambili.
"Isililo Esimnandi Sabelusi Ababili" by Garcilaso de la Vega
I-salice:
O, kunzima kunemabula ezikhalweni zami,
nomlilo ovuthayo engivutha kuwo
kubanda kuneqhwa, Galatea!
[...]
Nemorous:
Oh kuphelelwe yisikhathi, kuyize futhi kuyashesha!
Ngikhumbula, ngilele lapha ihora,
ukuthi ngiphaphame, ngabona u-Elisa eceleni kwami.
"U-Idyll IV. Abelusi” kaTheocritus
ilulwane.
Corydon, ngitshele, ngezikabani izinkomo?
Ingabe bavela eFilondas?
I-Corydon.
Cha, kusukela ku-Egon, manje
Unginike bona ngizidlise.
ilulwane.
Kanti usenga kuphi lapho ucashe khona?
Ntambama konke?
I-Corydon.
amathole
Ikhehla liyawabeka, lingigcina kahle.
ilulwane.
Kanti umalusi ongekho uhambile?
I-Corydon.
Awuzwanga? wahamba nayo
Milton ku-Alphaeus. (…)
"I-Eclogue ye-Plácida ne-Vitoriano" kaJuan del Encina
(...) I-Placid.
inhliziyo ebuhlungu,
i-chamomile enginayo evela kuwe.
O ububi obukhulu, ingcindezi enonya!
Ngangingenazwelo
UVictoria wami
Uma kuhamba.
Kuyadabukisa, kuzokwenzakalani ngami?
Hawu ngobubi bami ngimbonile!
Angizange ngibe nayo ngokubi,
Anginayo, uma ubufuna
kungabi lula futhi kanjalo.
Lesi isilonda sami esibulalayo
Ngingaphila uma ngimbona.
Niyabona noma yini?
Hhayi-ke, wayengenalo ukholo kimi,
kungaba ngcono uma ehamba.
Yini ehambayo? Ngiyahlanya,
ngithini mahlubuka angaka!
Okubi kakhulu ukuthi ithinta kakhulu,
liphume kanjani emlonyeni wami?
O, inganekwane engaka!
Phuma, phuma!
UNkulunkulu akafuni into enjalo,
ukuthi empilweni yakho kungokwami.
Impilo yami, umzimba wami nomphefumulo wami
ngamandla abo bayathuthwa.
ungiphethe konke entendeni yesandla sakhe;
ebubini bami akukho ukuzola
futhi amandla ayafinyezwa;
futhi bande
usizi oluthatha isikhathi eside kimi
ukuthi ngokufa kuhlanganiswa. (…)
"I-Eclogue III" kaVicent Andrés Estellés
Nemorous. (…)
Ngiyesaba ntambama - ehhovisi
ngalezo ntambama zethu, zalezozinsuku.
Belisa, umhlaba uphokophele enhlekeleleni.
Ngizoqala ukudayela ocingweni
noma iyiphi inombolo: "Woza, Belisa!"
Ngiyakhala, Belisa, phakathi kwamakhredithi namadebhithi.
Ngikhalela ekamelweni olaziyo.
Belisa, umhlaba uphokophele enhlekeleleni!
I-Eclogue Antonia de Lope de Vega
Anthony:
Ngiyeke ngizwe lapha eduze ephefumulela phezulu
futhi angicabangi ukuthi kwakuyizinsolo eziyize
ngoba iza kancane ngamasafire aluhlaza,
ama-violets we-candida ekuseni,
umngane wami umalusikazi uFeliciana.
Feliciana:
Akulona ize insimu eluhlaza ifakwe izimbali.
U-Antonia wami, ukuphi?
"I-eclogue to Claudio" kaGarcilaso de la Vega
Ngakho, ngemva kokubambezeleka okungaka
ngokuzithoba okunokuthula wahlupheka,
ukuphoqelelwa nokuphoqelelwa
ngobuningi obungenangqondo,
baphuma phakathi kokuzithoba okukhulu
amaqiniso avela emayini yomphefumulo.
[...]
Ngisendleleni yokufa kucace kakhudlwana
futhi kulo lonke ithemba ngiyahoxa;
ukuthi ngiba khona kuphela futhi ngibheke
lapho konke kuma;
ngoba angikaze ngikubone lokho ngemva kokuphila
abangazange babheke ukuthi bazofa kuqala.
Uyazazi izibonelo ezengeziwe ze-eclogue?