Isithombe sikaDorian Grey

El Isithombe sikaDorian Grey iyona kuphela inoveli eshicilelwe ngu-Oscar Wilde. Ithathwa njengomunye wemisebenzi yezincwadi eyimpikiswano enkulu yekhulu le-XNUMX. Ukuthuthukiswa kwendaba yayo kuzungeza abalingiswa abathathu abamele impi phakathi kokuhle nokubi okukhona kumuntu ngamunye, impikiswano engaphakathi enkululekweni yokuzikhethela. Le ncwadi ilandisa ngohambo lokomoya lukaDorian Gray, insizwa ekhangayo elingwa ngumqondo wobusha obungunaphakade nobuhle.

U-Oscar Wilde wayehlale enobuhlakani, wasebenzisa ulwazi lwakhe futhi wahlanganisa izitayela ezahlukene zemibhalo ukwakha le noveli. Ngokusho kukaSvanhvít Helga Magnúsdótti wase-University of Iceland (2011), kulokho kulandisa kunezinsizakusebenza ze-Gothic fiction, aestheticism kanye nezinto ezifana nalezi Ubukhazikhazi weGoethe. Ngokufanayo, izinkomba ze-Old Testament Book of Genesis zibonakala zengeza ukugcizelela kokuziphatha ekulweni phakathi kobulungiswa nesono.

¿Isithombe sikaDorian Grey o Isithombe sikaDorian Grey?

Kujwayelekile ukubona isihloko esingalungile «Isithombe sikaDorian Grey ". Lokhu kunjalo, ngoba abantu bayipela ngendlela ababiza ngayo. Kodwa-ke, yize ukulalelwa kwabo kungabanqobi, leso akusona isipelingi esihambelanayo nesibongo, kepha "Grey."

Impilo ka-Oscar Wilde

Ukuzalwa nomndeni

U-Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde wazalelwa eDublin, e-Ireland, ngo-Okthoba 16, 1852. Uyise kwakunguSir William Wilde, udokotela ohlinzayo ovelele; umama wakhe, umbhali kanye nembongi uJane Francesca Elgee (osayine ngaphansi kwegama lomgunyathi ithemba). Ufunde amabanga aphansi eTrinity College edolobheni langakubo kwathi ngemuva kokuhlanganisa iminyaka engama-20 wangena eMagdalen College e-Oxford, eNgilandi, lapho avele khona emabangeni akhe amahle.

Intsha

Kusukela esemncane kakhulu, wazakhela idumela elikhulu lokuba yisidididi nanjengesikhulumi esihle kakhulu esinobuhlakani. Ngokusho kuka-Øyvind Olsholt we-literary portal skoletorget.no (2003), uWilde wayedelela udlame nemidlalo. Lokhu bekungumuzwa ovezwe ngobuciko emshweni olandelayo womsebenzi wakhe Owesifazane ongabalulekile (1893):

"Madoda asezweni lamaNgisi agijima ngemuva kwempungushe: okungakhulumeki ekuphishekeleni okungadliwayo."

Indawo yokuhlala eLondon

Wahlala eLondon ngemuva kokuphothula izifundo zakhe zaseyunivesithi. Ethonywe yizincwadi ezifana nembongi enkulu yase-Ireland, uWB Yeats, nenkosikazi yasePrince of Wales, uLillie Langtry, u-Oscar Wilde baqala ukubhala izindaba ezimfishane, imidlalo yeshashalazi nezinkondlo. Ngokufanayo, wasebenza ephephandabeni futhi wajikeleza isifunda sokufunda waya eMelika (uDouthat noHopson in Isithombe sikaDorian Gray, 2002).

Kuqala ukusebenza

Izincwadi zakhe zokuqala zaziyizinkondlo eziphakathi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kungekudala wathola ukuqashelwa ngemidlalo yakhe yamahlaya. Okokuqala, UVera; noma, ama-nihilists, yaqala ukukhonjiswa ngo-1880. Kwalandelwa izethulo zika Umlandeli weLady Windermere (1892), Owesifazane ongabalulekile (1893), Indoda ekahle (1895) futhi Ukubaluleka kokuhleleka (1895), indalo yakhe yeshashalazi edume kakhulu. Ngo-1884, u-Oscar Wilde washada noConstance Lloyd, owayenezingane ezimbili.

Ihlazo elizungeze isithombe sikaDorian Grey

Ngesikhathi sehlobo lika-1890, uhlelo lokuqala lwenoveli eyodwa eyabhalwa ngu-Oscar Wilde lwavela kwi-Lippincott's Monthly Magazine, Isithombe sikaDorian Grey. Incwadi ithole ukugxekwa okuqinile ngokuba nehlazo nokuziphatha okubi, okukhuthaze ukubukezwa kwayo kanye nokwengezwa kwesingeniso nezahluko ezintsha eziyisithupha. Ngalesi sandulela, uWilde uzame ukucabanga futhi aphendule kubagxeki abathi umsebenzi wakhe "yinganekwane engaziphethe kahle."

Ngokunjalo, isingeniso sethula kafushane imiyalo yohlobo lwefilosofi yobuciko: ubuhle, ukubonakaliswa - okuqinisekiswe nguWilde - ngenani elingaphakathi. Kuyisikhundla sokuguqula ngaphakathi kweVictorian England, kusekelwe ebuhleni bobuciko ngaphandle kwanoma iyiphi enye injongo yokuziphatha noma yezepolitiki. Esingenisweni, uWilde weluleka nabafundi ukuthi bangazifuneli izincazelo "ngaphansi" kobuciko.

Inoveli ecebe kakhulu yizinhlobo zemibhalo

Isithombe sikaDorian Grey ukuxubana kwezingxenye zamanoveli ezi-Gothic, imikhakha yamahlaya enesimilo, nezingcezu zombukiso waseshashalazini eziphathelene nobudlelwano phakathi kobuciko nobuqotho.. Ngenxa yalokho, bekungenakugwenywa ukuvusa - okungenani - ukungakhululeki phakathi kwezithameli eziqinile zamaVictoria, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, isingeniso sikaWilde sixwayisa ngokuthi "ukwehluka kwemibono maqondana nomsebenzi kukhombisa ukuthi lo msebenzi musha, uyinkimbinkimbi futhi ubalulekile."

Uhlelo lwesibili kanye nehlazo elivelile

Ukwethulwa kohlobo lwesibili (1891) luka Indaba kaDorian Grey kuqondane nomhlangano wokuqala phakathi kuka-Oscar Wilde no-Lord Alfred Douglas (abembiza ngothando "Bosie"). Lapho iMarquis yaseQueensberry - ubaba weNkosi - egxeka obala le ndaba, Kwaqubuka ihlazo elaphela ngecala lango-1895 "lokuhlambalaza."

Inkantolo isebenzise Isithombe sikaDorian Grey njengobufakazi ngenxa yezindima zayo eziningi ezinokuthinta kobungqingili. UWilde wehliswa obala wagwetshwa iminyaka emibili esebenza kanzima. Ngaleso sikhathi, wabhalela iNkosi u-Alfred incwadi ende edangele eyayinesihloko esithi I-De profundis (Ukujula, NgesiLatin). Lapho edonsa isigwebo sakhe, washiya iNgilandi.

Iminyaka yokugcina kaWilde

Pwachitha iminyaka yakhe yokugcina ephila ngobumpofu phakathi kwe-Italy neFrance. Ngo-1898 wenza incwadi yakhe yokugcina yokubhala (ngaphansi kwegama lomgunyathi), IBallad Yokufunda Ijele, inkondlo emayelana nemizwa yesiboshwa maqondana nomunye ozobulawa.

Ekugcineni, U-Oscar Wilde wabulawa yi-meningitis ngoNovemba 30, 1900., eParis. Waguqulwa waba yiRoma Katolika esembhedeni wokufa.

Isifinyezo Sesithombe sikaDorian Grey

I-Basil nobuhle obungenakwenzeka beDorian

Ngenkathi esemzini ka-anti wakhe - uLady Brandon - umculi odumile UBasil Hallward uhlangana noDorian Grey. Le yinsizwa ephucukile futhi ecebile enikezwe "ubuhle obungenakwenzeka" lokho kuthumba ngokushesha umcabango wobuciko womdwebi. Ngalesi sizathu, uDorian uhlala phansi ukuze avezwe kaningana. UBasil umthanda ngokungathi uyiqhawe noma isibalo esithile samaGrikhi asezinganekwaneni.

Ekuqaleni kwale noveli, umculi uqedela isithombe sokuqala sikaDorian njengoba enjalo. Kepha (uyavuma kumngani wakhe uLord Henry Wotton) lo mdwebo awumenelisi impela umculi ngoba wembula imizwa eminingi kaBasil ngoDorian. U-Lord Henry - odume ngokwethusa abangani bakhe ngemigubho yakhe ebisadlondlobala yentsha, ubuhle, nokuzithokozisa ngenjabulo - akavumelani, ekholelwa ukuthi lo mfanekiso ubungumbukwane.

Nkosi henry

Nini UDorian uvela esifundweni, uBasil umnikeza isenzo sokwesula eNkosini uHenry. UBasil ukholelwa ukuthi iNkosi uHenry ingaba yithonya elibi kule nsizwa UDorian. Ukusola kuqinisekiswe kuphela engxoxweni yokuqala, lapho iNkosi uHenry icasula uDorian ngemibono yakhe yokuziqhenya ngekhwalithi yobuhle nobusha esheshayo.

Ukuqala kwesiqalekiso

UDorian ube eseqalekisa isithombe sakhe ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngokubukeka okuhamba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ebhekene nosizi, uthembisa umphefumulo wakhe emfanekisweni okuwukuphela kwawo ongavimbela umphumela odumile wobudala. futhi lokho kukuvumela ukuthi uhlale umncane ingunaphakade. UBasil, emzameni wokumjabulisa, umnika lowo mfanekiso.

Ukuvela kokuziphatha okuxekethile kwenyama kanye nokuvela kweSibyl

Emasontweni amabili alandelayo, ithonya likaNkosi Henry liya likhula ngamandla. Le nsizwa izinikela "ku-hedonism entsha" futhi izimisele ngokuphila impilo ezinikele ekufuneni ukwaneliseka okungokwenyama. Kulezo zikhathi, uDorian uthandana noSibyl Vane, ongumlingisi osemusha odlala emahholo aseshashalazini omakhelwane abampofu baseLondon. UDorian uyawuthanda umdlalo wakhe, naye, ngokufanayo, umbiza ngokuthi "inkosana ebukekayo."

Ngaleso sikhathi, uJames Vane - umfowabo kaSibyl - akavumelani nobudlelwano obukhulayo futhi ugcizelela ukuthi uDorian akamfanele. Noma kunjalo, USibyl uthathwa yimizwa. Uyayishaya indiva imibono engemihle ngeDorian futhi unquma ukuyeka ukulingisa ngoba akasafuni ukuzenzisa esiteji, ngoba "manje uzwa into yangempela."

Ikhefu nokubuyisana okungenakwenzeka

Ngeshwa, ukwenza kuyikhwalithi uDorian ayithandayo ngaye, ngakho-ke, kuqeda ukuzibandakanya ngendlela enonya. Ngemuva kokwehlukana, uDorian ubuyela ekhaya futhi uqaphela ushintsho esithombeni esidwetshiwe nguBasil: manje usemoyizela ngokwedelela.

Ukwesaba imiphumela engemnandi yokuziphatha kwakhe okugulayo nokona okuboniswa ngendwangu, unquma ukubuyisana noSibyl ngakusasa.

Kodwa umonakalo awulungiseki, ntambama elandelayo iNkosi uHenry yazisa uDorian ukuthi uSibyl uzibulele. Ngokugqugquzelwa nguLord Henry, uDorian unquma ukubheka ukufa njengohlobo lokunqoba kwezobuciko, lapho efanekisela khona inhlekelele futhi eshiya noma yimuphi umuzwa wosizi. Vele, uDorian unquma ukufihla isithombe sakhe egumbini eliphezulu lendlu yakhe ukuze afihle izinguquko kwabanye.

"Ibhayibheli elisha" likaDorian

Kamuva, u-Lord Henry unikela uDorian kuye incwadi enezincazelo ezisontekile zamapulazi wesakhamuzi saseFrance sekhulu le-XNUMX. Lo mbhalo uba "ibhayibheli elisha" likaDorian. Ngenxa yalokho, uthatha isinqumo sokungena empilweni egcwele isono nenkohlakalo, angazisoli ngenxa yezindinganiso zokuziphatha noma imiphumela yezenzo zakhe. Umyalo okuwukuphela kwawo ukuqoqa ngokuhlangenwe nakho okuthokozisayo.

Ukudlula kwesikhathi okungenathemba kanye nedumela lokubola likaDorian

Kudlula iminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili. Isithunzi sikaDorian siya siwohloka emiphakathini yaseLondon ngenxa yamahemuhemu angapheli maqondana nokuziphatha kwakhe okonakele nokungathembeki. Naphezu kwakho konke, izicukuthwane ziyaqhubeka nokumamukela ngoba uhlala emncane futhi emuhle. Yize ubuso kumdwebo osesithombeni bubukeka bubunile futhi buyesabeka.

Basil, izici ezintsha zesithombe sikaDorian nokufa

Ngobusuku obumnyama futhi obunenkungu, uBasil Hallward uza endlini kaDorian ukuzomxoxisa ngamahemuhemu ngedumela lakhe. Baqala ukuphikisana. Ngaleso sikhathi, UBasil uqaphela ukubola komphefumulo kaDorian, omkhombisa isithombe esesabekayo.

Umdwebi uyamncenga ukuba acabange kabusha. Kepha uDorian uyakhala "sekwephuze kakhulu ukuthola ama-penances" futhi, ngenxa yentukuthelo, ubulala uBasil. Ukususa isidumbu, ukufumbathiswa kukaDorian bese ucela usizo kudokotela ongaqondakali. Ngobusuku obulandelayo, uDorian ubhekela i-opium cache, lapho ahlangana khona noJames Vane, ozama ukuziphindiselela ngokufa kukadadewabo uSibyl. UDorian uyakwazi ukubalekela endlini yakhe yezwe. Lapho, uphinde abone uJames ebuka ngefasitela ngenkathi ekhonza izivakashi ezithile.

Ukuzisola kukaDorian "nokushintsha"

UDorian uphinde wagcwala ukwesaba nokuzizwa enecala. Yize lo muzwa unyamalala lapho uVane efa ngenxa yokudutshulwa ngephutha komzingeli. Imicimbi yakamuva ishukumisela uDorian ukuthi afune ushintsho endleleni yakhe yokuphila, akasakwazi ukuqhubeka nomgwaqo wamanyala. Yize engakwazi ukuvuma amacala akhe ... manje lo mdwebo wembula inkulumo ehlukile: ubuzenzisi.

Ukufa

Ekugcineni, UDorian akakwazi ukuthwala ubuso bomdwebo wakhe; Ethukuthele, usebenzisa ummese ofanayo abulala ngawo uHallward ukuze aqede lo mdwebo. Izinceku zakhe zizwa ukuphahlazeka. Ngokuya kobheka, bathola isithombe esihle seDorian Gray encane futhi enhle. Eduze kwalo mdwebo, isidumbu sendoda endala esonakele kabi ngommese onamathele esifubeni.