Intokazi eyisiwula

Umusho kaFélix Lope de Vega.

Umusho kaFélix Lope de Vega.

Intokazi eyisiwula Ingenye yezingcezu eziphezulu zeshashalazi ezakhiwe ngesikhathi seSpanish Golden Age. Lo msebenzi owenziwe nguLope de Vega waqedwa ukubhala ngo-Ephreli 28, 1613 (ngokusho kombhalo wokuqala). Ngokushesha ngemuva kwalokho, yakhishwa esiteji ngo-Okthoba 14 walowo nyaka, ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwenkampani iPedro de Valdés.

Njengezingcezu eziningi ezifeza ukungafi, kungumbhalo ngaphambi kwesikhathi sawo. Ohlelweni lwayo, kubuzwa imibuzo engacabangi emphakathini wangemva kwe-Renaissance Spanish. Phakathi kwalezi, okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi iyiphi indima yabesifazane emphakathini.

Umbhali, uLope de Vega

Wazalelwa eMadrid ngoNovemba 25, 1562. Ungomunye wababhali abaqavile ezincwadini zomhlaba. Ubizwa ngamanoveli amathathu "amade" namane amafushane, ama-epics ayisishiyagalolunye, izinkondlo ezintathu ze-didactic, amanethi angaba ngu-3000 XNUMX namakhulu amahlaya aseshashalazini. Ngokusho kombongi waseSpain nombhali wemidlalo yokudlala uJuan Pérez Montalbán, inani eliphelele lezingcezu ezibhalwe ngu I-Lope de Vega cishe ngeminyaka ye-1800.

Ngokubambisana noTirso de Molina noCalderón de la Barca, umele isithunzi se-Baroque theatre eSpain. Ubuntu bakhe abuzange bubonakale, wakha ubungani obuhle nezibalo zesimo sikaFrancisco de Quevedo noJuan Luis Alarcón. Ngokunjalo, "wayeyimbangi" kaMiguel de Cervantes, (umbhali kaDon Quixote wambiza "ngesilo esikhulu semvelo") futhi wayenobutha obudumile noLuis de Góngora.

El phoenix de Los Wits

Ithonya lembongi yombhali waseMadrid nomlobi wemidlalo emphakathini waseSpain lalinjalo kangangokuba laze lathola “udumo” lokuba umholi wesivumelwano sokholo esihlambalazayo. "Ngiyakholelwa ku-Lope de Vega umninimandla onke, imbongi yezulu nomhlaba" ... Impela, leli cala - ngokukhazimula "okugcwele" ngaleso sikhathi - belingenakudlula. Ngakho-ke, i-ode yavinjelwa ngo-1647.

Ochwepheshe emsebenzini wakhe baqinisekisa ukuthi umbhali wabamba iqhaza ezingxenyeni zakhe zemidlalo yaseshashalazini. Lokhu ukwenze ngaphansi kwegama elingu mbumbulu elithi Berlardo, umlingiswa ophindaphindiwe ezingxenyeni zakhe naphakathi kokuqanjwa kwabanye ababhali. Ngalo mqondo, ucezu luvelele I-phoenix yama-wits yabhalwa ngo-1853 nguTomás Rodríguez Rubí. Uke waba khona nakwi-cinema nefilimu ehlonishwayo ka-A.Waddington, I-Lope (2010).

Impilo egcwele ama-tangle

Impilo yakhe yayigcwele izindaba zothando eziningi. Abaningi babo bamzuzela udumo ngokungabikho emsebenzini okulimaza izifundo zakhe noma izibopho zakhe eNkantolo. Kubandakanya, wadingiswa eMbusweni waseCastile ngokubhala uchungechunge lwama-libels ngokumelene nomunye wabathandi bakhe, owayemshiyile ukuze enze umshado osuselwe kuzintshisekelo zezomnotho.

UFeliks Lope de Vega.

UFeliks Lope de Vega.

Umbhalo wesandla we Intokazi eyisiwula naye wazithola esephakathi kwalezi zibopho. Yize kungezona zonke izazi-mlando ezivumelana nale mbono, kuthiwa umbhalo wokuqala wawuyisipho esivela kumbhali wemidlalo wasinikeza isithandwa sakhe, umlingisikazi uJerónima de Burgos, unkosikazi womqondisi wediyetha uPedro de Valdés.

Intokazi eyisiwula... noma amandla ezemfundo othando

ILope de Vega yathuthukisa impikiswano mayelana nabaphikisi ababili, odade uNise noFinea. Banquma ukubhekana ne-machismo ekhona emphakathini wase-Iberia, ngayinye ilandela amasu ahlukene. Ekugcineni, bobabili bawela ekuzinikeleni emandleni othando. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uPhinea ubheka ubuhlakani bakhe futhi uncike kakhulu "ekuphakameni" kwakhe kwezengqondo.

Ukubhekana nokungathandi kwakhe ububi bokuba ngowesifazane, UFinea uzinikele ekubhaleni ngendlela ecishe iphoqe. Ngokwesinye isandla, nise ngokulinganayo kunxusa ubuhlakani, kepha kube sengathi benza ubuwula futhi abanangqondo (Ngokusobala ithathwa yimiklamo yabantu besithathu). Kodwa-ke, ekujuleni kokuziphatha kwakhe kuyingxenye yohlelo lokuqikelela ukuthi angajeziswa.

Intokazi eyisiwula.

Intokazi eyisiwula.

Ungathenga incwadi lapha: Intokazi eyisiwula

Amandla we-cathartic wesikhwele?

Okwamanje ubuqiniso bukaLope de Vega maqondana nabanye ongqondongqondo besikhathi sakhe buyakhonjiswa. Yebo, wethula umona njengengxenye ye-neuralgic ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo. Kuphambene kakhulu nezingcezu eziningi zalesi sitayela ezibhalwe ekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa. Ngoba imvamisa ukugaxeka kuphela uthando nothando.

Ngomona, umbhali ongowokuzalwa eMadrid uhlola imizwa emnyama yabalingiswa bakhe. Ngemuva kwalokho, iphula ngezinkolelo eziqinile zabesifazane abayizithutha nabangaconsi phansi, noma labo abanenzondo abalahlwe ukungashadi okuyihlazo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uNise noFinea baveza ubukhulu obuhlukile, bangabantu, hhayi ama-caricature nje abafuna ukumamatheka okwedlulele okuvela ezilalelini.

UNaivety uyavuzwa

Ingxenye yezingxabano phakathi kodade protagonists ka Intokazi eyisiwula bagxila kuzipho eziboniswa omunye nomunye. Ngenkathi uNise - ezuzwe njengefa kuyise, u-Octavio ohloniphekile - enesizotha impela, uFinea uyamangalisa. Umehluko ngukuthi owokuqala uhlakaniphe ngokweqile, isici (ngokwethiyori) esikhazimulayo sanoma imuphi umkhongi.

Ngokungafani nowesibili, ongenalwazi, odinga usizo olwengeziwe ekufuneni kwakhe ukuthola indoda eqotho. Noma okungenani lokhu bekuwumcabango womunye womalume bakhe ukumnikeza lolu hlobo "lwesinxephezelo esikhethekile". Ngakho-ke, imali etholwe ukubonga ku- "naivety yakho" iyathandeka impela.

Ukushintshana kwendima

Ukungqubuzana nokungena kuvele lapho abafoneli babo bethandana nodadewabo bezintombi zabo. Okokuqala, uPhiseus, umnumzana ocebile obudlelwano bakhe noFinea kwavunyelwana nguyise, kepha ngaphandle kokwazi le ntokazi okukhulunywa ngayo phambilini.

Ngemuva kwalokho kuqhamuka uLaurencio - omunye umnumzane (ompofu), owathandana neNisa ngenxa yenkondlo yakhe - othatha isinqumo sokuwina umalokazana wakhe, othathwe yimali. Yilapho lapho ubuhlakani "obulele" "besiwula" buqhamuka khona, kusimangaze abantu bendawo nabantu ongabazi, omncane kukadadewabo. Ukuqhubeka nokwenza izinto zibe nzima, ama-knights avumelana ngokushintshana okungabavumela ukuthi babone izifiso zabo zigcwaliseka.

Umsebenzi osasebenza

Ngaphandle kwenani lalo elingangabazeki lomlando, iLope de Vega ngokujwayelekile futhi Intokazi eyisiwula ikakhulukazi, zihlala zisebenza emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka kamuva. Umdlalo ubungaza isikhundla sakhe esibucayi - phakathi kokuhleka - kwi-machismo. Okumelela isibindi sangempela ngaphakathi komphakathi olondolozayo ogama lawo eliphikelelayo ukubeka uNkulunkulu enkabeni yakho konke.


Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula

Shiya umbono wakho

Ikheli lakho le ngeke ishicilelwe. Ezidingekayo ibhalwe nge *

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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.