Inoveli yesiGothic ihlobene kakhulu nokwesaba. Namuhla, ingenye yezinto ezaziwa kakhulu, ezingatholakali ezincwadini kuphela, kodwa nakwi-cinema. Sinezinkomba eziningi kumanoveli walolu hlobo, owokuqala kube yiThe Castle of Otranto.
Kodwa, Yini inoveli ye-gothic? Iziphi izici onazo? Kuvele kanjani? Sizokhuluma nawe ngakho konke lokhu nokunye okuningi ngezansi.
Yini inoveli ye-gothic
Inoveli yesiGothic, ebizwa nangokuthi ukulandisa kwesiGothic, uhlobo oluthile lokubhala. Abanye ochwepheshe bakubheka njengokwemvelo, ngoba kuhlobene kakhulu nokwesaba futhi bakholelwa ukuthi bobabili kunzima ukwehlukanisa, baze badideke. Eqinisweni, esinye sezimangalo ezishiwo kakhulu ukuthi inoveli ethusayo njengoba siyazi namuhla ibingeke ibe khona ngaphandle kokwethuka kwe-gothic.
La umlando wenoveli yamaGoth usisa eNgilandi, futhi ikakhulukazi ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX lapho kwaqala khona ukuvela kwezindaba, izindaba kanye namanoveli ezazinezici ezihlukile: ukufakwa esimweni esifanayo sezinto zemilingo, ama-horror nezipoki, lapho zenza khona umfundi ukuthi angakwazi ukuhlukanisa ngempela okwakungokoqobo kunalokho okwakungekhona.
Ngokubheka ukuthi ikhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili laliboniswa iqiniso lokuthi umuntu wayekwazi ukuchaza konke ayengakuqondi esebenzisa isizathu, ukuthi izincwadi zazinikeza abantu inselelo, bezama ukuchaza ngesizathu ngokwenzekile (futhi kaningi bekungenakwenzeka ).
Ngokuqondile, inoveli ye-gothic yamiswa kusukela ngo-1765 kuya ku-1820, iminyaka lapho ababhali abaningi baqala ukubheka lolu hlobo lwemibhalo futhi bathatha izinyathelo zabo zokuqala (izindaba eziningi eziyizipoki ezigcinwe kusukela ngaleso sikhathi).
Ubani owayengumbhali wokuqala wenoveli yamaGoth
Ngabe ufuna ukwazi ukuthi ngubani owabhala inoveli yokuqala yeGothic? Kahle kahle UHorace Walpole, umbhali weThe Castle of Otranto, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1764. Lo mbhali unqume ukuzama ukuhlanganisa izinto zothando lwangenkathi ephakathi nenoveli yesimanje kwazise ubecabanga ukuthi, ngokwehlukana, zombili zazingamampunge futhi zinengqondo, ngokulandelana.
Ngakho-ke, wenza inoveli esuselwa kwezothando lwangeNkathi Ephakathi eligcwele izimfihlakalo, izinsongo, iziqalekiso, izindima ezifihliwe namaqhawekazi angakwazi ukukuthwala lokho (yingakho ahlala equleka, esinye isici senoveli).
Yiqiniso, wayengowokuqala, kodwa hhayi kuphela. Amagama afana noClara Reeve, Ann Radcliffe, Matthew Lewis ... nawo ahlobene nenoveli yamaGothic.
ESpain sinezinkomba ezithile zalolu hlobo kuJosé de Urcullu, Agustín Pérez Zaragoza, Antonio Ros de Olano, Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer, Emilia Pardo Bazán noma uJosé Zorrilla.
Izici zenoveli yamaGothic
Manje njengoba usunolwazi oluthe xaxa ngenoveli yamaGothic, ngokuqinisekile ufuna ukwazi ukuthi kuyini okukuvezayo. Futhi yilokho, isichasiselo esithi "gothic" samiswa ngoba ezindabeni eziningi ezethusayo ezavela, isimo sabuyela ezikhathini zasendulo, ukubeka abalingisi abaphambili, kungaba sesithabathabeni somuzi, kahle enqabeni, njll. Futhi, amaphaseji, izikhala, amakamelo angenalutho, njll. benza ababhali ukuthi benze izilungiselelo ezifanelekile. Yilapho kwavela khona lelo gama lale hlobo.
Kodwa yini ephawula inoveli yesiGothic?
Isimo esimuncu
Njengoba besikutshelile ngaphambili, sikhuluma ngezikhathi zangezikhathi eziphakathi noma izindawo ezinjengezigodlo, izindlu ezinkulu, ama-abbeys anikeze umoya oshiyiwe, obhidlikile, omnyama, nobuhle ...
Kepha akuzona ukuphela kwezindawo. Amahlathi, izigodi, imigwaqo emnyama, ama-crypts ... Ngamafuphi, noma iyiphi indawo lapho umbhali akwazi khona ukudala isimo esizonikeza ukwesaba kwangempela.
Izakhi ezingaphezu kwemvelo
Esinye sezici eziyisisekelo zemibhalo yamaGothic, ngaphandle kokungabaza, yilezo zinto ezingaphezu kwamandla emvelo, njengezipoki, ezingafile, iZombies, izilo ... Zingaba abalingiswa abahle, yebo, kepha ngasohlangothini lokwesaba, lapho hlangana nabo bakunikeze ukwesaba okukhulu. Kulokhu, ama-vampire nawo angangena kulolu hlobo.
Abalingiswa abanenkanuko
Ukusetha kangcono izindaba, ababhali abaningi babevame ukusebenzisa abalingiswa ababehlakaniphile, bebukeka, behlonishwa ... Kepha, ekujuleni kwenhliziyo, ngemfihlo ebadlayo, ebakhathaza ngezinkanuko zabo, lezo abangafuni ukuzikhipha nokuthi, kuwo wonke umlando, okwenzekayo kwenza ubuso babo beqiniso bubonakale. Ngaphezu kwalokho, laba balingisi, ukubanikeza leyo "nuance" exotic nenhle ", babejwayele ukuba namagama angaphandle futhi anezimbali kakhulu.
Kulokhu, cishe njalo kumanoveli sithola unxantathu: isikhulu esibi, esingaba yingozi, ukwesaba, ukwesaba; intombazane engenacala; futhi ekugcineni iqhawe, elizama ukumsindisa kulokho kwesaba. Futhi yebo, kunesinyathelo sothando, kungaba sesithambile, siye kokuthuthukile.
Izimo
Ukuhamba kwesikhathi, izindaba lapho kwakhulunywa khona ezikhathini zasendulo, umhlaba wamaphupho (wamaphupho namaphupho amabi), njll. ezinye zezimo ezisetshenzisiwe futhi kule noveli yamaGothic, okwenza, ngezikhathi ezithile, umfundi akwazi ukubalekela isipho sakhe futhi ngaleyo ndlela asebenzise umgubuzelo omkhulu wenkinga nokusola, kwezinye izimo kubangela ukuthi umuntu acabange kabusha ukuthi ngabe kwenzeke ngempela yini.
Kube kanjani ukuvela kwakho
Uma manje sicabanga ngenoveli yesiGothic yangaleso sikhathi, impela ngeke sibone ukufana okuningi nalokhu esikutshele khona. Futhi kuyinto ejwayelekile ngoba, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lolu hlobo luye lwavela.
Eqinisweni, yaqala ukwenza kanjalo kusuka ku-1810 noma kunjalo, lapho amaGothic avumela ukwesaba kwanamuhla, okubonakala ngokwesaba kwengqondo. Okungukuthi, yaqala ukwakheka, hhayi kuphela ukuvela kwezipoki noma izidalwa eziyizipoki, kepha ukungena engqondweni yomfundi ukukhiqiza ukwesaba ngqo kuye, kwenza "ukwethuka" kungabikezeli kangako, kepha ukujika, izimo, njll. Zizokhiqiza umuzwa wokukhathazeka, wokweqiwa ... kuze kufike ezingeni lokuthi uzizwe umbozwe kuleyo aura yemfihlakalo nokwesaba.
Ngalesi sizathu, inoveli yamaGoth uqobo lwayo yilona olwabhalwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX nasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX. Namuhla, izindaba ezingafundwa, yize zingezalolo hlobo, seziguqukile futhi azisenazo izici eziningi zakudala ezichaze le mibhalo.