Inoveli emnyama.
"Inoveli yezwe elisebenza ngobugebengu", ngalelo binzana uRaymond Chandler uchaze inoveli yobugebengu kuleyo eseyi Ubuciko obulula bokubulala (1950). Abaningi bakubheka njengokuhluka kwendaba "yabaphethe kahle" noma yaseBrithani. Kwabanye, kumane nje kuyisichazamazwi esenzelwe ukukhomba abaseshi ababhekene nabaphenyi noma abaphenyi lapho kufanele kuxazululwe khona ukubulala.
Akuzange njalo kwamukelwe kahle ngabagxeki noma abafundi "abafundile" selokhu yavela phakathi neshumi leminyaka lesithathu lekhulu lama-XNUMX. Yize abanye Izazi-mlando zikhomba umsuka walesi sizukulwane ngo-1841, ngokushicilelwa kwe- Amacala omgwaqo wasemakhazeni de Edgar Allan Poe. Kunoma ikuphi, inoveli yobugebengu ihlale ibhalisa izinombolo ezinhle kakhulu ekuthengiseni.
Ngaphambi nangemva kwalokho Imaski emnyama
Labo abazisa inoveli yobugebengu njengohlobo oluhlukaniswe nezindaba zabaseshi baseBrithani, bakhomba unyaka ka-1920 njengesiqalo sabo. Ngenxa yesisekelo salo magazini Imaski emnyama e-United States Kwakuyiposi i-pulp egcwele izindaba zezitayela nezindikimba ezahlukahlukene, ezilungele ababhali abasafufusa bezindaba zabaseshi.
Ubulili obufanayo? Umehluko phakathi kwenoveli yobugebengu nobugebengu
Amagama afana no-Arthur Conan Doyle kanye Agatha Christie, isize ekubumbeni inoveli yobugebengu (noma ngabe bahlukaniswa njengababhali balesi sitayela noma cha). Ngalo mqondo (ngaphandle kokuhleleka okulandelanayo), ezinye izici ezihlukanisa phakathi kwala maqembu womabili zichazwe ngezansi. Izici ezivame ukucashunwa ukusekela izikhundla ze- "separatist".
Ukubeka
UChristie Agatha.
Ezimweni eziningi kakhulu, Amanoveli aseBrithani asethwe kuma-bourgeois nasezikhundleni zobukhosi. Ezimweni lapho izikhulu zinesisindo esithile ngaphakathi kwalezi zakhiwo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ezindabeni black isenzo senzeka ngaphakathi kwezindawo ezibhekiwe.
Izindawo
Ababhali baseMelika abakwazi ukwephula ngesitayela sakudala banikeze izincazelo ezingokoqobo. Kungenzeka wazi ngokuningiliziwe ezinye izindawo zaseLos Angeles noma eNew York ngokufunda lezi zindaba. Bangakwazi nokunikeza imininingwane engaziwa kwezinye izindawo edolobheni elifanayo. Ngokungafani nezindaba zezindaba zaseBrithani, lapho izindawo zangempela ziyisethi elula.
Yize ingaba nokubaluleka okuthile ngezikhathi ezithile, imvamisa kumane nje kuyisimo esithile. Isibonelo: Ukufa eNayilengu-Agatha Christie.
Personajes
Encwadini yezobugebengu imingcele phakathi kokuhle nokubi isakazeka kakhulu, cishe ayikho. Ama-protagonists (abaphenyi okungebona abaseshi ngokuhweba) bephula imithetho yokuxazulula leli cala futhi ngaphandle kokungayinaki inzuzo yakho.
Ngokufanayo, abaphikisi bangaba abahloniphekile futhi abanomusa. Ngemuva kwalokho, isici sokuziphatha ngokuphelele sisemseni wokwahlulela komfundi. Ngamunye unquma - futhi ngokuzithoba uyavuma - ukuthi bababona kanjani abantu abasendabeni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abalingiswa besiNgisi bahlukaniswe ngokungenaphutha phakathi "kokuhle nokubi", ngaphandle kokungacaci.
Ukuhlaziywa komphakathi
Inkondlo ka-Edgar Allan.
Inoveli yobugebengu ivela ezinsukwini zangemva kwempi. Futhi endaweni enesimo sokudangala okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, ubuqiniso besici kokuningi kwalokhu kulandisa kusebenze njengokugxekwa komphakathi. Ukubukeka okungahlobisiwe futhi okungenashukela ebunzimeni obudlangile eMelika.
Ubungxiwankulu bathola ingxenye enhle yokushaywa. Yize ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa enhlosweni enkulu, okuwukwethula indaba ejabulisayo egcwele isenzo nodlame. Ngakho-ke, imele ikhefu ngesitayela "sakudala" sokulandisa okuhamba kancane okunikeza umfundi isikhathi esanele sokuthi "ahlafune" kuyo yonke imininingwane.
Ubugebengu: i-anecdote
Kwakungu-Andreu Martín, umbhali wamanoveli waseSpain ongaphakathi kwezinganekwane ezimnyama, owasebenzisa leli gama ukubhekisa ekubalulekeni kwamacala alandiswa ezindabeni zalolu hlobo. Aziyona nje izaba, indlela yokuthola iqiniso nokuthi abafundi bathola noma bacabange ukuthi bahlala emphakathini wabantu abalungile.
Okuningi okufana "nomhlaba wangempela"
Izimo zenoveli yobugebengu zivame ukukhombisa izifo zansuku zonke zesintu. Ngakho-ke, inkohlakalo, ubugovu nobuqaba kubusa kakhulu. Ngokunjalo, izisusa zezigebengu zihlala zilalela ubuthakathaka bomuntu, isono.
Ngenxa yalokho, izithunzi zomphefumulo womuntu ziyanxuswa: ubuhlungu, ukufutheka, ukuziphindisela, ukulambela amandla, ukuzimela, inkanuko… Akukona ukufuna okuhle okuphezulu. Ayikho indawo yokuqagela kohlobo "ukuphela kuthethelela izindlela." Kepha lesi yisimiso esisetshenziswe ngabaphikisi ukuthola iqiniso nokwenza ubulungiswa.
Ama-antiheroes okuqala
I-Antihero ngumqondo wemfashini kulezi zinsuku ngenxa yesinema. Abalingiswa abanomusa abakwazi ukulungiswa ngepolitiki. Kepha kudala ngaphambi kwalokho Deadpool kwaba yisethenjwa, "ababhali bamanoveli abamnyama" base bevele bengene kule ndlela.
Ukungafani nabaseshi "bakudala" abanjengoSherlock Holmes noma uHercules Puirot kuyabonakala., abalingiswa bamanoveli obugebengu bangabalingiswa abakhungathekile. Ngalesi sizathu, abakholelwa ohlelweni (balwa nalo lapho benethuba) futhi bathambekele ekuthatheni ubulungiswa bebodwa.
Okubaluleke kakhulu
Ukuqonda umsuka wenoveli yobugebengu, Kunababhali abathathu ukubuyekeza kwabo kubalulekile. Owokuqala wabo nguCarroll John Daly. Kuthathwa njengoyise walolu hlobo lwenganekwane yezincwadi. UDashiell Hammet noRaymond Chandler ngamanye amagama.
Abaseshi
Owokuqala ngumdali weSam Spade. Umphenyi oqanjiwe owathandwa kakhulu ngenxa yama-movie futhi wayesaziwa isikhathi eside eMelika ukwedlula uSherlock Holmes. U-Humpry Bogart wamenza waba samuntu ekuvumelaniseni inoveli engaziwa, I-Maltese Falcon. Ngokwesinye isandla, UChandler ushiye igama uPhilip Marlowe ngenzalo ezayo.
Ubulili obukhona manje nobunempilo
UStieg Larsson.
Inoveli yobugebengu yayisezindongeni phakathi nekhulu lamashumi amabili. Izindaba zabaseshi - noJames Bond owayeshayela - bantshontsha ingxenye enhle yokugqama. Ngokwengeziwe, ngaleso sikhathi yayithathwa njengezincwadi "ezisezingeni lesibili", eyenzelwe ukujabulisa abantu abasebenzayo kuphela. Ukuthola okuningi, umagazini Imaski emnyama Wanyamalala.
Kodwa-ke, inkulungwane entsha yeminyaka yabona ukuvela kwegama elisha. Ngubani, naphezu kokufa kwakhe kungazelelwe, wanikeza umbono waseYurophu ngalolu hlobo. Vele akusiyona eyokuqala, kepha iyisifanekiselo esikhulu kunazo zonke emashumini eminyaka edlule. Imayelana noStieg Larsson nesaga yakhe yeminyaka. Kunabanye ababhali abaningi abasebenzayo abakha iziza ezintsha, ezanele ukunikezela ngombhalo okhethekile kubo.