1. Itafula eliyindilinga eWinchester. Yapendwa ngo-1522 ngoku-oda kukaHenry VIII. 2. IKing Arthur, kaCharles Ernest Butler.
Inganekwane kaKing Arthur kanye neKnights of the Round Table (noma iThebula) kungenye yezinganekwane ezinkulu zeZwekazi Elidala, ezifinyelela nasezincwadini. Futhi indaba nabalingiswa bayo badlule kuzinguquko eziningi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Manje sekukhona okukodwa: i ukuthola, ezinqolobaneni ze- Umtapo Wezincwadi waseBristol, wasendulo futhi ongaziwa Uhlobo lwekhulu le-XNUMX kusuka kwinganekwane ngomlingo uMerlin noKing Arthur. Ngisebenzisa izindaba, ngiyabuyekeza izinhlobo ezine ezingapheli kuthiwani ngo-Arthur namasosha akhe.
Mina noKing Arthur
U-Arturo akayona enye yamaqhawe ami amakhulu emibhalweni, kodwa Ngiyamzwela. Mhlawumbe kungenxa yokubala okungenakubalwa izinhlobo zefilimu, kusuka kwiklasikhi eyaziwa kakhulu AmaKnights kaKing Arthur (1953) kuze kube sekugcineni, INkosi Arthur, inganekwane ka-Excalibur (2017). Kepha ngiyavuma ukuthi likhuthaze abalingiswa ezindabeni zami. Futhi zombili izithombe zabo namagama abo (Uther Pendragon, Lancelot, Merlin, Guinevere, Galahad, Morgana, njll.) eyaziwa umhlaba wonke.
Futhi, lapho ngiqala ukuhlala eNgilandi futhi Ngangisedolobheni laseWinchester futhi ngabona lelo tafula elidumile kuvezwe enqabeni yakhe. Futhi, ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala zokufunda i-philology yesiNgisi, bekufanele ngibheke ikilasi lekhulu le-XNUMX likaThomas Malory.
Ukuthola okusha
Izingcezwana ezitholakele kuthiwa zenziwa ngu- UJean gerson, isazi saseFrance. Sekukonke kunemiqulu eyisikhombisa, kubhalwe ngesiFulentshi esidala, abaqoqa a version enomehluko ophawulekayo kusuka endabeni eyaziwayo. Bangaba yingxenye yenguqulo yekholi U-Estoire de Merlin, evela kweminye imibhalo eyaziwa ngokuthi ILanzarote-Grail noma umjikelezo we IVulgate.
Kulokho manje osekululame U-Arthur usevele uyinkosi. Yena noMerlin banqobile empini, esinye sezigaba ezedlule eziholela emlandweni we ukufuna i-grail engcwele ngu-Arthur namasosha akhe. Ukubaluleka kokutholakala kwalezi zingcezu ukuthi kukhombisa ushintsho oluthile emininingwaneni enikeza i- inguquko eguqulwe kancane yendaba yaleyo mpi, nezincazelo ezinde zesenzo nazo zifakiwe.
Izindaba ezine
Izihloko zezincwadi namanoveli anikezelwe ku-Arturo akunamkhawulo, ngakho-ke ngigqamisa lezi ezine:
UThomas Malory - Ukushona kuka-Arthur
Lo msebenzi unesibopho senguqulo esinayo namuhla yezinganekwane zase-Arthurian.
Sir Thomas Malory (1408-1471), ingwazi enempilo ekhathazekile eyaphila ngesikhathi seMpi YamaRoses Amabili, yabhala le ngqophamlando yokuqala ezincwadini zesiNgisi. Wakwenza lokho kuthiwa wayevela ejele futhi kusuka ukuhlanganiswa ebenginakho kwemithombo yakudala yaseFrance neyaseBrithani ukuthi wayehumusha ngenkathi engeza imibono yakho.
Yanyatheliswa ngo-1485 kumasifundisane we UWilliam Caxton, umshicileli wokuqala waseNgilandi, owawubiza ngokuthi Le Morte D'Arthur. Wayeyisiqalo futhi uhlanganise wonke amanoveli ayisishiyagalombili kaMalory abe izincwadi ezingamashumi amabili nanye. Yiyo eye yagqugquzela ukuhlelwa kabusha okuningi kuyo yonke imikhakha yezobuciko, kusukela kuzinguqulo ezintsha zemibhalo kuya ekubonisweni kwezithombe njengoba kukhonjiswe ama-Pre-Raphaelites.
UJack Whyte - IziKronike zaseCamelot
Umbhali waseScotland ohlala eCanada, a I-Whyte Uyaziwa ngamanoveli akhe omlando, ikakhulukazi kulolu chungechunge olubhalwe ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-90s olunikezelwe IziKronike zaseCamelot, lapho esebenzisa khona imfundiso yesikhathi esidlule seNkosi u-Arthur. Kunezihloko ezimbili: Itshe nenkemba y Ukubhonga kwensimbi
UValerio Massimo Manfredi - Ibutho Lokugcina
UManfredi, enye futhi yenoveli yomlando yangaleso sikhathi, nayo uyavumelana noWhyte ekudwebeni imvelaphi yamaRoma ka-Arthur kulesi sihloko esisanda kushaywa. Yayiswa ebhayisikobho ngo-2007, kodwa ayizange ifane nombhalo wayo wokuqala.
UMark Twain - IYankee eNkantolo yaseKing Arthur
Umbhali odumile waseMelika wakhetha ukuhamba kwesikhathi njengesaba sokubhala u-aramahlaya elato futhi agcwele ukubhuqa kwezenhlalo nakwezombusazwe lokho kwasho lokho. Yena caricature wonke umuntu: monarchical, izikhungo zamasonto futhi chivalric, kanye nabalingiswa.