ILittle Red Riding Hood eManhattan.
ILittle Red Riding Hood eManhattan (1990) iyinoveli emnandi yentsha eyenziwe nguCarmen Martín Gaite. Kuyinganekwane yesimanje. Ukuhlolwa kwesigcawu saphakade esiphakathi kwephupho neqiniso. Kube isihloko esaphathwa esikhathini esiningi "njengomsebenzi omncane" embhalweni omkhulu wezincwadi zombhali weSalamanca. Kodwa-ke, kwaba impumelelo enkulu yokushicilela (kwakuyincwadi ethengiswa kakhulu kunazo zonke eSpain ngo-1991).
Futhi yebo, ye- "minor", ayinayo iota. Umuntu onesibindi kuphela onesibindi sokukhipha enye yezindaba zomhlaba wonke ezaziwa kakhulu esintwini. Indaba enamakhulu eminyaka yesiko lomlomo emhlane wayo, okuthi, sibonga - ikakhulukazi - kuCharles Perrault nakuBrother Grimm, ihlale isebenza futhi ingapheli. Umsebenzi wombhali ube nomthelela omkhulu kangangoba ngo-2016 Umklomelo wokulandisa kaCarmen Martín Gaite.
UCarmen Martín Gaite: umbhali
Wazalelwa eSalamanca ngo-1925, wayengomunye wababhali ababenethonya elikhulu labakhuluma iSpanish ngekhulu lama-XNUMX. Iphinde yaba uphawu lowesifazane onenqubekela phambili. Ngokunjalo, phakathi kwezinto eziningi ezitholakele empilweni kukhona ngqo iProgressive Women Award kuhlelo lwayo lokuqala, olwabanjwa ngo-1990.
Lapho ukuba yiphayona kuyinto efanele futhi "kuyisilayidi"
Ngesikhathi sama-1970s, 1980s, kanye nama-1990s, uGaite wabonwa okokuqala njengowesifazane (ukuchema okungajwayelekile, kunikezwe umqondo wesikhathi). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenkathi ngo-1978 yaba eyokuqala ukunikezwa Umklomelo Kazwelonke Wezincwadi waseSpain ngale noveli Igumbi elingemuva.
Okumangalisa ngempela ukuthi kuleli qophelo - kuze kube sekhulwini lama-XNUMX - iqiniso (lokuba ngowesifazane) lisasetshenziswa njengenani lokwehlukanisa. Kusobala ukuthi lokhu kusho ukuthi, okungenani, akulungile futhi kuyabandlulula, ngoba umsebenzi kaCarmen Martín Gaite mkhulu futhi uhlukahlukene kakhulu.
UCarmen Martin Gaite.
Isikhathi sokubhala
Wafunda ifilosofi nezincwadi eNyuvesi yaseSalamanca. Lapho wathola iziqu zeRomance Philosophy. Yize inoveli yakhe yokuqala, I-spa, yanyatheliswa ngo-1955, uMartín Gaite wavuma kaninginingi ukuthi wayengumlobi wangaphambi kwesikhathi. Kusukela eneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili waqala ukuthola ubizo lwakhe futhi wabhala izindaba ezithile. Impilo yakhe yayihlala ixhumene nomhlaba wezincwadi.
Kepha akuyona nje indaba elandelwayo eqala kabusha. Ubhale imidlalo emibili: Induku eyomile (yaqedwa ngo-1957, yakhishwa ngo-1987) futhi Usisi omncane (yaqedwa ngo-1959, yakhishwa ngo-1999). Ngokufanayo, wagqama njengombhali wezindaba. Empeleni, umsebenzi wakhe Ukusetshenziswa kokuzijabulisa kwenkathi yangemva kwempi yaseSpain, wamenza wakufanelekela ukuthola i-Anagrama Essay Award ngo-1987.
Eminye imisebenzi yezincwadi
Umbhali waseSpain ubuye wanikela ngesikhathi sokugxeka imibhalo nokuhumusha imibhalo ngababhali abanjengoGustave Flaubert noRainer Maria Rilke. Ngokwengeziwe, wabambisana ekwakhiweni kwemibhalo yokubukwayo ye-Televisión Española: Teresa oNgcwele kaJesu (1982) futhi celia (1989). Lesi sakamuva sisekelwe ezindabeni zika-Elena Fortún. UCarmen Martín Gaite ushone ngo-2000, eyisisulu somdlavuza.
Futhi iLittle Red Riding Hood yaya eNew York
Ungathenga incwadi lapha: ILittle Red Riding Hood eManhattan
Okokuqala, Akunakwenzeka ukungazinaki lezi zimo ezilandelayo: izindaba zeLittle Red Riding Hood ziyimpahla ehlangene yabo bonke abantu abake bazizwa noma bazifunda. Ngakho-ke, limelela isibonelo esihle kakhulu somsebenzi owenziwe “ngememori eyabiwe”.
Okwesibili, Umsebenzi kaMartín Gaite awulandeli umugqa ojwayelekile wendaba "yakudala" yeLittle Red Riding Hood. Izinguquko azizona nje "izimonyo". Futhi akazilinganiseli ekudwebeni iNew York njengehlathi eligcwele izingozi zesimanje, eligcwele "izilwane" zasendle nezinhloso ezimbi kakhulu.
Ukuxabana
ILittle Red Riding Hood eManhattan kuyisililo senkululeko. I-adventure ye-protagonist yenzeka emhubheni ongaphansi komhlaba, icwiliswe emhlabeni ayecabanga ukuthi uyazi. Eqinisweni, kuwucwaningo lwangaphakathi, olujulile, olungaphezulu kakhulu kohambo nje "lwangaphansi komhlaba". Uwedwa, ophunyukile kubazali bakhe, ugcina ebheka ngaphakathi kuye ukuthola nokulandela isifiso sakhe esikhulu.
Izwe elijwayelekile?
Le hood encane ebomvu ebomvu kufanele ibhekane nendawo yonke lapho, khona-ke, isikhohlakali, esigama linguWoolf, singekho. Ophikisana nakho konke okubi, ubugovu nokuhaha. Ngendlela efanayo, umphelelisi ophelele wenganekwane yesimanje egcwele izibalo zeManichean uyavela: imali.
Kepha uSara - intombazane efake izigqoko evela eBrooklyn, elangazelela ukuya eManhattan - akumele abhekane nabazingeli "bababi" kuphela. Unxenxa abashushisi bakhe ukubonakaliswa kwezenzo zabo nenhloso yokuba khona kwabo. Lapho-ke umbuzo wenkululeko yeqiniso uvela ongenakuphepheka; wonke umuntu kumele abhekane nezinqumo zakhe, noma ngabe zilungile noma cha.
Of fantasy futhi verisimilitude
UCarmen Martín Gaite ukwazile ukwenza lo msebenzi — ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa igama lakhe phakathi kwababhali “abathengisa kakhulu” ngeSpanishi - ukuze aqinisekise inqubo yakhe yokubhala. Umlobi waseSpain uvikele ukuhambisana kokwethembeka nefantasy embhalweni ofanayo. Ngokuqondile, uthe "ukuthi indaba ithembekile akusho ukuthi iyiqiniso, futhi akufanele ithembeke."
Ukucaphuna kukaCarmen Martín Gaite.
Intombazane ehamba emigwaqweni yaseNew York iyodwa imingcele kokungenangqondo. Kodwa-ke, le ndaba isebenza ngaphandle kokushiya isikhala sokuba umfundi azibuze ukuthi ngabe inengqondo noma cha. Ngakho-ke, ukuzidela kwale Little Red Riding Hood kufanekisela izinganekwane ezinzima kunazo zonke zanamuhla. Kude nezwe lamaphupho elichazwe ehlathini elimnyama amantombazane okuqala angenalwazi okwakudingeka awele ukuyobhekana nempisi enkulu embi.
Ngaphandle kwezakhiwo ngaphambi kokugxekwa
UMartín Gaite uzinikele kakhulu futhi ngempumelelo ekugxekeni okubhaliwe. Lokhu ngokungangabazeki kumsizile wabona umsebenzi walaba babhali (ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kwezingcaphuno noma omalukeke) ngaphandle kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezakhiwo. Njengoba, uma kukhona umuntu ohlale ebukwa ngokusola - noma ngendlela ehlambalazayo - ngaphakathi kwezobuciko ngokujwayelekile, kungokwalowo ogxekayo. Ngokufanelekile noma ngokungalungile, bavame ukubizwa ngokuthi bakhungathekile.
Ngisho nabagxeki bathathwa njengabangeke banikeze umsebenzi ofanele ukucatshangelwa. Kepha owesifazane waseSalamanca wayebheke phambili ekubuyekezweni kwalabo bachwepheshe. Ngendlela efanayo, wayenentshisekelo enkulu yokwazi ukwamukelwa komsebenzi wakhe emphakathini jikelele. Ngakho-ke, wayengathola izici ezithile zezindaba zakhe ezazinganakwa ngenkathi kubhalwa.
Umbono womsebenzi
Ngaphandle kwempumelelo engangabazeki yezentengiselwano, imibono yomphakathi ezungeze iLittle Red Riding Hood eManhattan ibilokhu ihlukaniswe njalo. Ingxenye yabafundi ithole ukuzijabulisa okuthokozisayo. Kwabanye, indawo encane engenacala ebomvu egibele "edolobheni engalali", kanye nogogo wakhe kanye nempisi enkulu embi, kumelela izaba zokuzivocavoca.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunabantu abayijabulele le ndaba ngaphandle kokubuza imibuzo eminingi ngentombazane yaseBrooklyn ehamba eManhattan. Futhi bebengenandaba kakhulu nokuthi iLittle Red Riding Hood ibenesikhathi sokuzula eCentral Park ngaphandle kokubhubha kunoma yisiphi isilo esesabekayo. Okungenani hhayi "ngokoqobo."
ILittle Red Riding Hood eManhattan: Ujabhile ingxenye yomphakathi?
Kepha bekukhona iqembu lesithathu elingatholanga abakulindele: inganekwane yasendulo yasendulo kodwa isethwe eNew York. Ingabe kukhona okungahambi kahle ngalokhu? Eqinisweni, incazelo ayiphoqelekile. Akunampendulo ngazwi linye. Ngokuqinisekile uCarmen Martín Gaite angavumelani nalowo mbono. Ngoba yilokho i-adventure yokufunda (nobuciko ngokujwayelekile) imayelana nayo.
Uhlobo lwenganekwane lususelwa ekutholeni imihlaba emisha - noma kwesinye isikhathi endala - ngaphandle kokubeka imiqondo ebekiwe ngaphambili yokuhumusha imininingwane. NjengoSara, "iLittle Red Riding Hood yaseManhattan." Kunoma ikuphi, umsebenzi kaMartín Gaite uyisimemo sokubuza ukuthi iyini inkululeko yokuzikhethela nokuthi ikhona ngempela yini.