Indaba engapheli

Indaba engapheli -kubhekwe njengezincwadi zakudala zentsha- inoveli ebhalwe nguMichael Ende, umbhali wemvelaphi yaseJalimane owazalelwa eGarmisch-Partenkirchen, ngoNovemba 12, 1929. UMichael wayenguye kuphela umntwana womshado phakathi komdwebi u-Edgar Ende (owaziwa ngomsebenzi wakhe we-surrealist) noLuise Bartholomä (i-physiotherapist ngomsebenzi), ngakho-ke ukuthi umbhali wayehlala njalo egcwele indawo yobuciko.

Uhlonishwa njengombhali wesisindo esikhulu sohlobo lwenganekwane, U-Ende waqala ukubhala izindaba ngokulandisa kwezingane kusukela ngawo-50. Ngenkathi zonke izincwadi zakhe zamukelwa kahle ngabagxeki nezethameli, umbhali waluzuza udumo lomhlaba lapho ekhiqiza: momo (1973) futhi Indaba engapheli (1979). Lesi sakamuva singenye ye- izincwadi ezinhle kakhulu zezinganekwane.

Ukuqala kuka-Ende endaweni yobuciko: umlingisi, umbhali wemidlalo yokudlala nombhali

Ngemuva kokufunda iminyaka emithathu ezindlini ezahlukahlukene zokufunda eMunich, U-Ende wasebenza njengomlingisi oqeqeshiwe, umbhali wesikrini nomgxeki wefilimu. Umdlalo wakhe wokuqala kwaba Isikhathi (1947), futhi lokhu kugqugquzelwe ukuqhuma kwamabhomu kwe-athomu okungakaze kube khona emlandweni: kweHiroshima.

Ngokufika kwama-60's, nangemuva kokulahlwa kaningana, U-Ende washicilela inoveli yakhe yokuqala eyawina imiklomelo: UJim Button noLucas uMachinist (1960), awina ngawo i- “Children's Literature Prize.

Umlobi se umculi oshadile u-Ingeborg Hoffman ngo-1964. Wahlala naye eRoma waze wadlula emhlabeni ngenxa yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ngo-1985. Kamuva, ngo-1989, waphinde washada noMariko Sato, odabuka eJapan.

Ngemuva kokuphikisana njengomlobi, uMichael wazinikela ngokuphelele ezincwadini, wagcina isitayela esifanayo sokucabanga emisebenzini yakhe eminingi. Ngo-1979 washicilela okungenzeka kube yincwadi yakhe efinyelela kude kakhulu: Indaba engapheli. Ngenxa yokuphumelela kwayo, u-Ende wathola indondo kaJanusz Korczak.

Ngo-1982 u-Ende wasayina izivumelwano zokukhiqiza ifilimu ka Indaba engapheli, kodwa hhayi ngaphambi kokubuyekeza inkontileka ngokucophelela bese bethola ukuthi bahlose ukushintsha umlando. Lapho efunda ngokujulile ngezivumelwano zedokhumende, wayefuna ukuhoxisa, kodwa kwase kwephuze kakhulu. Wakwazi kuphela ukususa igama lakhe kumakhredithi.

Ifilimu, eliqondiswe nguWolfgang Petersen, likhishwe ngo-Ephreli 6, 1894. Yize kunomehluko wayo omkhulu kule ncwadi, ifilimu ibiyimpumelelo enkulu yebhokisi lamabhokisi, ithola imali engaphezu kwezigidi ezingama- $ 20.

Ngenxa yokwamukelwa komphakathi, le filimu yaba nokulandelanayo ngo-1990 kwathi okwesithathu kwaba ngo-1994, kepha azange zibange umthelela ofanayo futhi zazingaxhunyanisiwe nohlobo lombhalo futhi.

Ugqozi oluvela ku-Ende

Ubuntwana obabonakaliswa ubuNazi

Ukukhuphuka kobuNazi ebuntwaneni bakhe kwaba nomthelela omkhulu ekubhalweni kuka-Ende Indaba engapheli. Kodwa-ke, ngokwesaba ukuziphindiselela, ngaleyo nkathi ebandayo yempilo yakhe umbhali waphoqeleka ukucindezela ulwazi lwakhe oluningi, amaphupho akhe, ukucabanga kwakhe nobuciko.

Ithonya likababa omuhle

Izinkulumo ezinde ngefilosofi, inkolo, nezincwadi eziyimfihlakalo azabelana nobaba wakhe ngasese nakho kwamkhuthaza kusukela esemncane.

Ukuntuleka kokuqamba "nokungabi nalutho"

Kulomsebenzi u-Ende ufake eminye yemibono yakhe uqobo. Umbhali umemezele ukuthi, ngaye, ukuntuleka kokuqamba nokucabanga kuhunyushwe njengesifo somphefumulo; into akhuluma ngayo encwadini ethi "lutho".

Ngenxa yalokho, Indaba engapheli inoveli lapho izindaba ezimbili zenzeka ngasikhathi sinye, enye ingokoqobo kanti enye imnandi, ukuthi kancane kancane bayayixhumanisa. It has protagonists ezimbili, zombili izingane, futhi-ke, inani elikhulu labalingiswa empilweni yangempela elingenakwenzeka.

Ukuphikisana kusuka ku- Indaba engapheli

UBastian nokuhlangana kwakhe nale ncwadi

Isakhiwo senoveli siqala ngeBastian, umfana womhlaba wangempela osanda kushonelwa ngunina futhi ohlukunyezwayo.

Ngelinye ilanga uyahamba ayocasha esitolo sezincwadi athole incwadi lokho, ngokubukeka kwayo nesihloko sayo (Indaba engapheli), yabiza ukunakwa. Umfana uthatha isinqumo sokuhamba naye, ngemuva kokuba umnikazi wesitolo, uMnu Koreander, enganaki.

Incwadi nezwe langempela

Lapho efika esikoleni, ukhuphukela ekamelweni elisophahleni futhi abe nozolile, ulungiselela ukufunda incwadi. Njengoba ukufunda kuqhubeka, uBastian uzizwa ukuthi inoveli iba ngokoqobo ngokwengeziwe.. Ngale ndlela, indaba yesibili iqala ukuvela, eyenzeka embusweni weFantasia.

U-Atreyu, iqhawe elincane

I-protagonist yezwe elihle kakhulu ngu-Atreyu, iqhawe elinesibindi nelincane. Uqokwe ukuba afune ukwelashwa kwesifo esihlaselwe yi-Infant Empress, umbusi weFantasia. Lesi sifo asigcini ngokuthatha impilo yombusi, kodwa futhi nezwe lakhe lonke.

"Akunalutho"

Ngasikhathi sinye, nangezizathu ezingaziwa, ku-Fantasy kunamandla amabi abawabize ngokuthi "akukho lutho", okwenza konke futhi wonke umuntu anyamalale, kushiya isikhala ngemuva kwayo. Le "nto" ixhunyaniswe nokugula kukaNdlunkulu futhi iyaqhubeka njengoba iya iba yimbi.

Izwe lezidalwa ezinhle

UBastian ujatshuliswa uhambo lwe-Atreyu, ohambweni lwakhe ulahlekelwe yihhashi lakhe lokukhuluma, nomngani othembekile, u-Ártax. Endleleni yakhe lo protagonist uhlangana nofudu olukhulu oluthiwa uMorla, nodrako onenhlanhla ogama lakhe linguFújur, bese ebadla ngamatshe (izidalwa ezinkulu zamatshe), ukubala ezinye zezinhlamvu ezingavamile.

Isixazululo esingajwayelekile

Kulungile manje Into exakayo ngesakhiwo kwenzeka lapho u-Atreyu ethola ukuthi angagcina kuphela umbuso kanye ne-Empress ngosizo lweBastian; yebo, ingane yabantu efunda umlando emhlabeni wangempela. Ngaleso sikhathi, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi “ukugqobhoza udonga lwesine” kuyenzeka, okungukuthi, abalingiswa abasencwadini bangasebenzisana nomfundi, futhi empeleni, kunjalo.

Ingane emhlabeni wangempela iyenqaba ukukholwa ukuthi ukhiye nguyena. Kodwa-ke, ngomzuzu wokugcina, lapho konke sekuzonyamalala, uBastian ungena endaweni yonke yeFantasy futhi asindisa umbuso ne-Empress ngokuwunikeza igama elisha: Indodakazi Yenyanga.

Umlayezo we Indaba engapheli

Indaba engapheli inoveli egcwele imilayezo efuna ukwenza umfundi abonakalise. Ukhuluma ikakhulu ngokubaluleka kokuthuthukisa umcabango, ukungavumeli ukudabuka kuthathe lowo muntu, ukuba nesibindi nokuzethemba. Hhayi ize le ncwadi iphakathi imisebenzi engcono kakhulu yezingane kanye nabantu abasha emlandweni.

Umbhali uMichael Ende ukubeke kwacaca engxoxweni ye- El País ukuthi inhloso yakhe ngalencwadi bekuwukudlulisa ukuthi indlela engcono yokufeza okuthile ukuhamba njalo. Ukuze uthole okungokoqobo futhi uzithole, njengoBastian, kufanele uqale ngokudlula kumnandi.

Indaba engapheli: ngale kwencwadi

Yize ishicilelwe nencwadi yezingane, Indaba engapheli Kungumsebenzi wazo zonke izethameli, ngenxa yomyalezo owudlulisayo. Kuze kube manje inoveli isihumushelwe ezilimini ezingaphezu kwezingama-36 futhi inamafilimu amathathu, ama-series amabili, i-opera ne-ballet..