Impilo nomsebenzi kaJuan Rulfo

UJuan Nepomuceno Carlos Pérez Rulfo Vizcaíno wayengumthwebuli wezithombe nomlobi wobuzwe baseMexico. Wayeyilungu le-Mexican Academy of Language, elinye lamalungu esizukulwane sango-1952 futhi waklonyeliswa nge-Princess of Asturias Award for Letters.

ELatin America wazibeka njengomunye wababhali abaphambili bekhulu lama-XNUMX futhi wayengumbhali wodumo ezweni lakhe. Ubuntu bukaJuan babugodliwe kakhulu; umsebenzi wakhe UPedro Paramo kwaphawula ukuphela kwenkathi yemibhalo yezinguquko futhi kwaqala ukuqala kokuqhamuka kweLatin American.

I-Biography

Ukuzalwa nomndeni

UJuan Rulfo wazalwa ngoMeyi 16, 1917 eJalisco, eMexico. Ubaba wakhe kwakunguJuan Nepomuceno Pérez Rulfo nonina uMaría Vizcaíno Arias, UJuan wayevela emndenini owawunomnotho ozinzile futhi wayengumntwana wesithathu wabazali bakhe, khona-ke wayenabafowabo ababili abancane.

Bahamba bayohlala edolobheni elibizwa ngeSan Gabriel, eJalisco nalapho umndeni wahlukunyezwa yimpi kaCristero kwathi ubaba wakhe wabulawa ngo-1923, lapho uJuan eneminyaka engu-6 ubudala. Ngemuva kweminyaka emine kwashona unina, washiya ugogo wakhe emuphethe.

Intsha nezifundo

URulfo wayeqale isikole samabanga aphansi edolobheni ayehlala kulo. Kodwa-ke, ngo-1929, eminyakeni ngemuva kokushona kukanina futhi ngenxa yokuthi ugogo wakhe wayengakwazi ukumgcina, umndeni wambhalisa ekhaya lezintandane futhi kwadingeka athuthele eGuadalajara.

Lapho esekhaya lezintandane, uJuan waqhubeka nokuqeqeshwa kwakhe kwezemfundo; nokho, kwakungeyona indawo ayethanda ukuba kuyo. Ngo-1933 wazama ukungena eNyuvesi yaseGuadalajara, kodwa ngenxa yeziteleka ezijwayelekile akakwazanga. Ngemuva kwalokho waya eMexico City, lapho ayengakwazi khona ukuqala izifundo zakhe.

Impilo yasemsebenzini

Lapho esenhlokodolobha, waqala ukusebenza kwi-Secretariat of the Government of Mexico futhi wahamba kakhulu ezungeza izwe, njengoba ayenikezwe imisebenzi eminingana ehlukene esikhundleni sakhe futhi kwakumele ayifeze. Kulesi sikhathi wafunda amasiko amaningi futhi washicilela izindaba eziningana komagazini.

Ngo-1947 waqala umsebenzi wakhe wokuba ngumthwebuli wezithombe futhi washada noClara Aparicio, owesifazane onezingane ezine. Usebenze ekukhangiseni inkampani lapho eqale khona njengomthwebuli zithombe, uGoodrich; ngaleso sikhathi wayesebenzisana ekwakhiweni kwesigamu sePapaloapan futhi washicilela e-Instituto Nacional Indigenista.

Umjaho wezincwadi

Ngo-1953 umbhali washicilela Ithafa Elivuthayo kwathi eminyakeni emibili kamuva wabeka umsebenzi obala UPedro Paramo, lesi sakamuva sasiyisiqephu sakhe esiphezulu. Phakathi kuka-1956 no-1958 uJuan Rulfo wabhala Iqhude legolide, inoveli ukuthi ngobude bayo yena ngokwakhe ubheka indaba. Izincwadi zalo mbhali ziphakathi kweziphambili eMexico.

Incwadi kaJuan Rulfo yezindaba ezimfushane eziyishumi nesikhombisa namanoveli akhe kwakwanele ukuthi banikezwe uMklomelo Kazwelonke Wezincwadi ngo-1970. Eminyakeni emine kamuva waya eVenezuela kwathi eCentral University yalelo lizwe wavuma ukuthi wayeyeke ukubhala izincwadi ngenxa yokushona kukamalume wakhe uCelerino.

Iminyaka edlule nokufa

Eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva, ngo-Septhemba 1980, wakhethwa njengelungu le-Mexican Academy of Letters futhi wakhipha ne-akhawunti yakhe ebhalwe ngaphambilini, Iqhude legolide. Ngo-1983 waklonyeliswa ngePrince of Asturias Award, manje ebizwa ngeNkosazana yase-Asturias.

Umbhali watholakala enomdlavuza futhi ngoJanuwari 7, 1986 eMexico City, futhi wabulawa yi-pulmary emphysema. Ngenxa yodumo lwayo lwenziwa lwaba sesidlangalaleni Los murmullos, i-anthology yobuntatheli ezungeze ukufa kukaJuan Rulfo, umsebenzi onezigcwaba ezihambisana nokufa kwakhe.

Ukwakhiwa

Ngemva kokufa komlobi, omunye wemisebenzi yakhe waphinde wakhululwa, ngoba kwakukhona amaphutha amaningana kuwo. Futhi, kwashicilelwa incwadi yezindaba ayezenzile impilo yakhe yonke, lapho kwavela khona ushintsho lukaRulfo njengombhali.

Incwadi Yezindaba

• Ithafa elishile (1953).

Okuqukethwe

• "Macario".
• "Abakawuniki umhlaba."
• "Igquma lamakhomane".
• "Ukuthi sihlupheka kakhulu".
• "Indoda".
•  "Ekuseni".
• "Talpa".
• "Ithafa Elivuthayo".
• "Batshele ukuthi bangangibulali!".
• "Luvina".
• "Ebusuku bamshiye yedwa."
• "Khumbula":
• "Paso del Norte".
• "Anacleto Morones".
• "Awuzwa yini ukuthi izinja zikhonkotha".
• "Ifa likaMatilde Arcángel".
•  "Usuku lokuwa."

Novelas

• UPedro Paramo (1955).
• Iqhude legolide (1980, 2010 ukukhishwa kabusha).