Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule bekugujwa usuku lokuzalwa komunye wababhali bethu ababaluleke kakhulu: u-Emilia Pardo Bazán. Wazalelwa ngaphakathi La Coruña, ngonyaka 1851, ayengowomndeni wezicukuthwane. Wayengowesifazane ohlonishwa kakhulu ngesikhathi sakhe. Wenza uhambo oluningi futhi wahlangana nababhali abaphambili abanjengoVictor Hugo noma uZola.
Uyehlukana nomyeni wakhe waqala i thandana noBenito Pérez Galdós. Uqondise isigaba sezincwadi ze-Athenaeum kwathi ngo-1916 waqokwa waba nguprofesa e-University of Madrid. Ushone ngo-1921, naseMadrid.
Kwakungeyeqiniso
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe Ukubhekana Namaqiniso Kwakuwukunqoba kwenoveli, uhlobo olwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukuveza okungokoqobo ngendlela ethembekile. Ababhali bamanoveli abamelele kakhulu kulesi sikhathi kwakunguGaldós, Juan Valera, Leopoldo Alas "Clarín" no-Emilia Pardo Bazán. Lezi ezakamuva zazingezezemvelo ikakhulukazi, okuvela kuRealism okwabonakala eSpain cishe ngonyaka we-1880 lapho kushicilelwa i- "Abakhishwe njengefa" de IGaldos.
U-Emilia Pardo Bazán wayengumvikeli omkhulu eSpain we Okwemvelo. Endabeni yalo mbhali, le nhlangano yakhelwe ebuKatolikeni. Ngakho-ke, isinqumo sikaZola semvelo sibonakala kuphela futhi singaphansi kwamandla omuntu okumnqoba ngokholo, olumphakamisa ngaphezu kwazo zonke ezinye izidalwa. Phakathi kwamanoveli akhe, avelele ngaphezu kwakho konke "I-pazos de Ulloa" (1886) futhi "Imvelo kamama" (1887), womabili athuthukiswe ezindaweni zasemakhaya zaseGalicia ezakha umhlaba ovaliwe obuswa izinkanuko.
Imishwana edumile
Futhi manje, sizogubha ukuzalwa kwalo mbhali osishiyele amabinzana amaningi amahle omlando. Ezinye zazo zingokulandelayo:
- "Ngibaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwawo wonke umqondo wokuthi le noveli ayiseyona nje into yokuzijabulisa nje, indlela yokukhohlisa amahora ambalwa, okubandakanya ukutadisha kwezenhlalo, kwengqondo, komlando, kepha ekugcineni ukutadisha."
- «Amashwa omuntu wanamuhla ukuthi abe nobugovu nokuzwela; enobugovu ngokwanele ukuba anikezele ezinkanukweni zakhe, azwele ngokwanele ukuhlupheka njengoba abona umonakalo abawenza kusiphetho somunye umuntu. Njengoba ayengaphakathi futhi efihliwe ngokucophelela, umzabalazo kaFelipe wawunodlame oluncane, futhi nokugula kwakhe kwakungaphansi. Ukukhuluma iqiniso, leso simo esikhetheke kakhulu asikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi ngumzabalazo: kukhona umzabalazo ngokwawo, lapho intando ishintshashintsha phakathi kwezixazululo ezimbili ».
- “Asikhethi imizwa yethu, beza kithi, bakhula njengokhula olungatshalwa muntu futhi olukhukhula umhlaba. Futhi imizwa kwesinye isikhathi ithatha ubuntwana obungenanzuzo ebonakalayo, empeleni obugagu ngokwedlulele, obudalula iqiniso elingokwengqondo, njengoba izimpawu ezithile ezimnene zilahla izifo ezibulalayo ».
- «Umpristi angenza zonke izinto ezimbi emhlabeni. Uma besinelungelo lokungoni, besikahle; sasindisiwe ngesikhathi sokugcotshwa, okwakungeyona inzuzo ebuthakathaka. Impela, ukugcotshwa kusithwalisa imithwalo emincane kunamanye amaKristu, futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuthi omunye wethu abe muhle. Futhi ukuze sibe njalo ngendlela yokuthi indlela yokupheleliswa okumele siyingene lapho sizimisela njengabapristi izodinga, kuyadingeka, ngaphandle kwemizamo yethu, ukuthi umusa kaNkulunkulu usisize. Akunalutho.
- "Ubushiqela bufana ne-aria futhi abusoze baba yi-opera."
- "Usuku" abanye abanumzane "batshele u-Amparo ukuthi muhle, intombazane eyayizulazula yayazi ubulili bayo: kuze kube yileso sikhathi yayingumfana egqoke iziketi. Futhi akekho noyedwa owamcabanga ngenye indlela: uma isiqhwaga esithile emgwaqeni simkhumbuza ukuthi wayeyingxenye yesigamu esihle kakhulu sohlanga lwesintu, wakwenza lokho ngezihlathi, futhi wenqaba ngezibhakela, uma kungenjalo ngokukhahlela nokuluma, ukuncoma kwabezizwe. Zonke izinto ezingasusanga ubuthongo noma isifiso sakhe sokudla.
- "Kuyabheda ukuthi abantu bafake amathemba abo okuhlengwa nenhlanhla ezinhlotsheni zikahulumeni abangazazi."
- "Imfundo yabesifazane ayinakubizwa ngemfundo enjalo, kodwa ukuqeqeshwa, ngoba ukulalelwa, ukungavumi nokuzithoba ekugcineni kuhlongozwa."
- "Ukufunda ngokwasemzimbeni kwenza abantu besifazane bandise ngokomzimba nangamandla futhi kucebise igazi labo."
- "Ngomlomo sivame ukufa njengezinhlanzi ezilula, futhi akukhona ukufa kwendoda enolwazi, kepha kufela isilwane esinonya, esibandayo futhi esixakile."