Isebenza nguGarcilaso de la Vega

Umsebenzi kaGarcilaso de la Vega uthathwa njengobalulekile ezinhlotsheni ezivezayo zezinkondlo zeRenaissance ngolimi lweSpanishi. Eqinisweni, imbongi yaseToledo ibhekwa njengenye yezingqalabutho zezinkondlo phakathi nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi iNkathi Yegolide YaseSpain. Nokho, akakaze abone noma iyiphi yezinto zakhe ezilotshiwe zinyatheliswa ekuphileni kwakhe.

Kwakungumngane wakhe omkhulu uJuan Boscán I-1487 - 1542 owahlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwenkondlo kaGarcilaso futhi wayinyathelisa (i-post-mortem) kanye nezinkondlo zakhe ezimbalwa ngo-1543. Khona-ke, ngo-1569, umnyathelisi waseSalamanca washicilela umsebenzi womqambi waseToledo ngamunye. Kamuva ekhulwini elifanayo leminyaka, ezinye izinkondlo—ezingazange zinyatheliswe ngaleso sikhathi—zafakwa ohlwini lwembongi yaseSpain eyaziwa namuhla.

Imisebenzi kaGarcilaso de la Vega

Ukushicilelwa kokuqala kwezinkondlo zakhe

Kwenziwe phakathi kuka-1526 no-1535, Umsebenzi omncane ogcinwe kuze kube manje nguGarcilaso uvele okokuqala ngqa Imisebenzi yaseBoscán nabanye beGarcilaso de la Vega (1543). Nokho, ezinye izazi-mlando zithi cishe wabhala izingoma zendabuko futhi waba imbongi eyaziwayo phakathi kwezinkantolo zaseCastilian ebusheni bakhe.

Kunoma yikuphi, UJuan Boscán ubeyisihluthulelo sokujwayela ivesi le-hendecasyllable (ithalikhi) ekwakhiweni kwemethrikhi yesiCastilian kaGarcilaso.. Lesi sakamuva silungise kahle ukwakheka kwezisho zesiCastilian kuya ekugcizeleleni kwesiNtaliyane. Ngendlela efanayo, yahlanganisa okuqukethwe kwezinkondlo ze-Neoplatonic ezinkondlweni zikaTana zeRenaissance.

Ugqozi namathonya

U-Boscán ubebalulekile futhi ekuthokozeni kukaGarcilaso izinkondlo zeqhawe laseValencia i-Ausiàs March. Omunye umuntu obalulekile ekuphileni komqambi waseSpain kwakunguPedro de Toledo, owaba nguViceroy waseNaples. Impela, ukuhlala kukaGarcilaso okubili (1522-23 kanye no-1533) edolobheni eliseningizimu ye-Italy kwaphawula ukufakwa kwezici zePetrarchan ezinkondlweni zakhe.

Ngo-1526, imbongi yaseToledo yahlangana no-Isabel Freire de Andrade, omunye wabesifazane baka-Isabella wasePortugal lapho indlovukazi yesikhathi esizayo ishada noCarlos I. Ngokusho kwezinye izifundiswa, intombazane yasePutukezi ibonakala njengomalusikazi u-Elisa emavesini kaGarcilaso de la Vega. Ngokusobala, lokhu kwathinteka lapho eshada noDon Antonio de Fonseca, ikhansela laseToro (Castilla) ngo-1529..

Okunye okuthandayo okufanele kukhulunywe

Ngo-1521, uGarcilaso wazala indodana engekho emthethweni -nakuba kufakwe entandweni yakhe- noGuiomar Carrillo, owaziwa njengothando lokuqala lwembongi yaseToledo. Le ntokazi ibizwa ngeGalatea I-Eclogue I. Ukwengeza, uMagdalena de Guzmán (umzala) unguCamila ku-Eclogue II kanye noBeatriz de Sá omuhle, unkosikazi womfowabo uPablo Laso (obuye abizwe ngokuthi u-Elisa).

Izimpawu zamagama we-Garcilaso de la Vega

Umsebenzi we IGarcilaso de la Vega Iqukethe ama-eclogue amathathu, amaculo amane, amasonethi angamashumi amane, incwadi, i-ode kanye namaculo ayisishiyagalombili. uhlobo lwendabuko (oluhlelwe ngamavesi e-octosyllabic). Kulesi sihlokwana kungenzeka ukuthi sikuthokozele kuwo wonke ububanzi bayo ukuvuselelwa kwezingqikithi nezinhlobo ezisetshenziswa ngaphakathi kwengoma yeRenaissance.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye ama-sonnets nama-eclogue ka-Garcilaso athathwa osomlando njengabameleli abathembekile bendoda ekahle yeRenaissance. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amavesi akhe ahlanganisa ngokuqinisekile amamethrikhi ezinkondlo zesiNtaliyane ezingomeni zeSpanishi.

themes

Iningi lamathonethi kaGarcilaso awemvelo yothando, phakathi kwawo, amanye abhalwe esemncane abonisa izici zeculo lendabuko. Kunalokho, lawo ma-sonnets adalwe eminyakeni evuthiwe yembongi yase-Toledo abonisa indlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokuzwela kwe-Renaissance (ezwakala ezingomeni zabo).

I-Sonnet XXIII

"Inqobo nje uma i-rose ne-lily

umbala uboniswa ekuthinteni kwakho,

nokuthi ukubukeka kwakho okushisekayo, okuqotho,

ngokukhanya okukhanyayo isiphepho esizolile;

futhi ngenkathi izinwele, okuyinto emthanjeni

kwakhethwa igolide, ngokundiza okusheshayo;

ngentamo enhle emhlophe, eqondile,

umoya uyanyakaza, usakazeke futhi uhlakaze;

thatha entwasahlobo yakho ejabulisayo

isithelo esimnandi, ngaphambi kwesimo sezulu esithukuthele

vala isiqongo esihle ngeqhwa.

Umoya obandayo uyobunisa i-rose,

ukukhanya kuzoshintsha konke,

ngokungenzi ushintsho esikweni labo”.

Imvelo emsebenzini kaGarcilaso

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Ama-eclogues kaGarcilaso akha ukubonakaliswa okuphezulu kwethalente lakhe lobunkondlo. Kuzo, abelusi abambalwa baxoxa ngamabomu ngemibuzo ehlobene nothando esimweni semvelo efanelekile. Naphezu kokubalwa I-Eclogue II Kwakungeyokuqala eyabhalwa umqambi waseCastilian futhi, phakathi kwabathathu bombhali wakhe, iyona kuphela eyethula itulo elimangalisayo.

I-Eclogue II (isiqeshana)

“Isi-Albania

Ingabe leli iphupho, noma ngempela ngiyadlala

isandla esimhlophe? Ah, phupha, uyabhuqa!

Ngangikholwa njengohlanya.

Awu nginakekele! uyandiza

Ngamaphiko asheshayo ngomnyango we-ebony;

Ngilale ngikhala.

Akwanele yini ububi obungathi sína lapho buvuka khona

umphefumulo uyaphila, noma ukukubeka kangcono,

ukufa ukuphila okungaqinisekile?

i-salicium

Albanio, yeka ukukhala, qu'en oíllo

ngidabukile

Isi-Albania

Ngubani okhona ekulileni kwami?

i-salicium

Nakhu ukuthi ubani ozokusiza uzizwe.

Isi-Albania

Ingabe ukhona u-Salicio? induduzo enkulu

Bengikunoma yikuphi okubi enkampanini yakho,

kodwa nginaso kulokhu ngokuphambene nesibhakabhaka”.

Umlando kaGarcilaso de la Vega

Izazi-mlando azinakho ukuvumelana mayelana nonyaka wokuzalwa kukaGarci Lasso de la Vega (igama lokugcotshwa). Okunye okuqinisekile mayelana nalokhu ukuthi wazalelwa eToledo phakathi kuka-1491 no-1503, emndenini wezicukuthwane zaseCastilian. Wayeyintandane kayise esemncane, kodwa lokhu akuzange kumvimbe ekucwiliseni amacebo ezombusazwe ombuso waseCastile..

Ubusha bakhe ezinkantolo zaseCastilian

U-Garcilaso osemusha wathola imfundo ephelele kakhulu ngesikhathi sakhe eZinkantolo zombuso. Lapho, wafunda izilimi ezimbalwa (isiLatini, isiGreki, isiNtaliyane nesiFulentshi) futhi wahlangana noJuan Boscán, okungenzeka ukuthi ukweleta kuye ukubikezela kwakhe izinkondlo zaseLevantine. Ngo-1520, imbongi yaba isosha lasebukhosini; kusukela lapho wabamba iqhaza emikhankasweni eminingi yezempi enkonzweni yeNkosi uCarlos I.

NgoNovemba 11, 1523, uGarcilaso de la Vega wamiswa eSantiago esontweni laseSan Agustín ePamplona. Eminyakeni eyalandela, waqhubeka nokubamba iqhaza ohambweni olubalulekile lwezempi (walimala kabi kwelinye lawo). Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ngo-1525 washada no-Elena de Zúñiga, udadewabo kaCarlos I waseSpain, aba naye izingane ezinhlanu.

Imikhankaso yokugcina yezempi, ukudingiswa nokufa

Ngo-1530, uGarcilaso wayeyingxenye yohambo lwasebukhosini lukaCarlos I oluya eBologna, lapho aba khona uCharles V, uMbusi Ongcwele WaseRoma. Ngemva konyaka, waxoshwa (ngokuhlanganyela emshadweni ongagunyaziwe) esiqhingini saseSchut (Danube), ngaphambi kokuhlala eNaples. Ngo-1535, wasikeka kabili emlonyeni nasengalweni yesokudla ngoSuku LwaseTunis.

Ngonyaka olandelayo, uCharles V walwa noFrancis I waseFrance. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, uGarcilaso waqokwa njengomphathi wensimu ohambweni lwaseProvence. Lapho, walimala kanzima empini ngesikhathi sokuhlaselwa kwe-fortification kaMuy. Ekugcineni, imbongi nesosha laseToledo bafa eNice, ngo-October 14, 1536.