Umhlubuki

Umhlubuki iyinoveli yakamuva yomlobi odumile we-Valladolid uMiguel Delibes. Yanyatheliswa eSpain ngo-1998 ngu-Ediciones Destino. Iwukulandisa kohlobo lomlando olukhombisa izigameko ezimbi ezenzeka ngesikhathi "kuzingelwa amaLuthela" emazweni aseCervantes ngekhulu le-1999. Le ncwadi ibhekwa njengenye yezincwadi eziphelele kakhulu zombhali, okwamvumela ukuthi awine uMklomelo Kazwelonke Wokulandisa ngo-XNUMX.

UMiguel Delibes wayenomsebenzi wokubhala omningi, egqama njengo omunye wababhali ababaluleke kakhulu besikhathi sangemva kwempi yaseSpain. I-repertoire yayo ebanzi iphethe imisebenzi engaphezu kwama-60, ehlanganisa amanoveli, izindaba ezimfushane, ama-eseyi, izincwadi zokuhamba nezokuzingela. Impumelelo yakhe ibonakala emiklomelweni yakhe engamashumi amabili kanye nokuhlonishwa kwakhe, kanye nasekuguquleni imisebenzi yakhe efilimini, yaseshashalazini nethelevishini.

Isifinyezo se- Umhlubuki

Umndeni wakwaSalcedo

AbakwaSalcedes, UDon Bernardo nomkakhe uCatalinaBayizimo ezimbalwa ezinhle emphakathini, ngenxa yebhizinisi labo lezindwangu zoboya. Cishe iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili bazamile ukwenza - bahluleka- kundlalifa yempahla yakhe nengcebo. Ngezincomo zabajwayele, baya kudokotela u-Almenara, ngubani, isikhathi eside, ebasiza ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuvundisa.

Bengilangazelela ukukhulelwa

Naphezu kokwenza izinqubo ezahlukene, u-doña Catalina akakwazanga ukukhulelwa, ngakho wanquma ukuwuyeka lowo mbono. Kungekudala ngemuva kwalokho, lapho amathemba ephela, intokazi bekuseteyipini. UDon Bernardo wajabula kakhulu ngalezi zindaba, njengoba ekugcineni babusiswa ngendodana.

Isehlakalo esibi

Ngo-Okthoba 30, 1517, uDona UCatherine wakhulelwa ingane enempilo bambhapathiza njengoCipriano. Nokho,, naphezu kwenjabulo ekhiqizwa ukufika, akusikho konke okwakuyinjabulo. Ngesikhathi sokubeletha, lo wesifazane yethula izinkinga odokotela abangakwazi ukuzilungisa, futhi phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa wafa. UNkk Salcedo wangcwatshwa ngenhlonipho nangobukhazikhazi, njengoba kwakuthinta umuntu wesigaba sakhe senhlalo kanye nokwehluka.

Ukwenqatshwa

Don UBernardo waphatheka kabi ngemva kokushona komkakhe wamala umntwana ngokumbheka enecala ngalokho okwenzekile. Naphezu kwalokhu, indoda kumele ube nayo Nakekela bheka umhlengikazi ngo-Cipriano. Kanjalo ukuqasha I-Minervina, intombazane eneminyaka engu-15 ubudala eyashonelwa ingane, yakwazi ukuncelisa ingane ngaphandle kwenkinga.

Ithunyelwe ekhaya lezintandane

I-Minervina wayegada umfana iminyaka, wamnakekela wamnika uthando lukamama engangikudinga. Kusukela ngisemncane, I-Cipriano yayimnandi futhi inokuqonda, izimfanelo ezimbi kuDon Bernardo, ababefuna ukumvimba. Uyise akazange enze mzamo wokumthanda futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi leyo nzondo yabuyelana. Lokhu kwabangela le ndoda faka ngaphakathi -Njengendlela yesijeziso- ekhaya lezintandane.

Isikhathi esinzima

Le yindawo ka Cipriano ehostela kwakunzima, lapho kwadingeka abhekane nosizi ngaphezu kokuphathwa kabi. Nokho, kuleyo ndawo wafundiswa futhi wathola ulwazi oluhlukahlukene. Ngaleyo minyaka, wezwa ngezimo zokuqala zamaProthestani mayelana nobuKatolika eYurophu. Wabuye wabambisana nozakwabo ekunakekeleni abagulayo ngenxa yobhadane olwabhubhisa uCastile, olwashiya izinkulungwane zabantu.

Intandane nendlalifa

Umqedazwe omubi wamthinta eduze uCipriano, kusukela washonelwa nguyise ezandleni zesifo. Ngemva kokufa kukaDon Bernardo. insizwa, manje uyintandane, yiyo yodwa ezuzwe njengefa wempahla yomndeni wakhe. Ngokushesha, waliphatha leli bhizinisi futhi waqhamuka namasu amahle alenza lachuma. Indalo yakhe entsha - amajakhethi anesikhumba - yayithandwa kakhulu ngabantu futhi yanda yokuthengisa.

Izinguquko ezinkulu

Impilo ka IsiCyprian ngcono kakhulu, ngisho uthole uthando eduze kwe i-theo, owesifazane omuhle ashada naye. Ekanye naye, waba nezikhathi ezimnandi. Nokho, kancane kancane injabulo yaphela, kusukela umbhangqwana awukwazanga ukuba nezingane. i-theo waba nomuzwa wokuthi agcine engalingani ngokwengqondo y wangeniswa esikhungweni lapho ekugcineni wafa.

Isiphetho esingalindelekile nesinonya

Lokhu kwashintsha ukuphila kukaCipriano -Indoda ekholwa kakhulu - ngoba yazisola ngalokho okwenzekile futhi yabekwa isijeziso zonke izinsuku zayo. Kusuka lapho, waqala ukuhlangana namaqembu amaLuthela angaphansi komhlaba, elasebenza ngokuhlakanipha okukhulu ukuze lisinde ekuqulweni Kwamacala Ezihlubuki Ezingcwele.

Iqiniso lakhe laguqulwa lapho UFiliphu II - AmaKatolika athembekile - wathatha indawo kayise eisihlalo sobukhosi, Kulungile lokhu eyalwe ukuba kuqedwe zonke izihlubuki ekhona embusweni. Ukujaha kwakungapheli; isiphetho esibi sasilindele amaProthestani angaleso sikhathi ayethunjiwe futhi angazange aphike ukholo lwawo. Labo abahoxile bakwazi ukuphila. Nokho, uCyprian wenqaba ukulahla imfundiso yakhe, futhi wabambelela ngokuqinile ezinkolelweni zakhe kwaze kwaba sekugcineni.

Imininingwane eyisisekelo yomsebenzi

Incwadi ethi The Heretic iyinoveli ebhalwe eValladolid, eSpain, phakathi nekhulu le-XNUMX, phakathi nokubusa kukaCarlos V. Le ncwadi. Ithuthukiswe emakhasini angu-424 enezingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko ezihlukaniswe izahluko ezingu-17 sezizonke. Isakhiwo sichazwa umxoxi womuntu wesithathu owazi konke, olandisa ngempilo yomlingiswa oyinhloko, u-Cipriano Salcedo.

Isifinyezo somlando wombhali, uMiguel Delibes

UMiguel Delibes Setien Wazalwa ngo-Okthoba 17, 1920 edolobheni laseSpain iValladolid. Abazali bakhe kwakunguMaría Setién kanye noProfessor Adolfo Delibes. Wafunda esikoleni samabanga aphansi eColegio de las Carmelitas edolobheni lakubo. Lapho eneminyaka engu-16, waphothula i-baccalaureate yakhe e-Lourdes School. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva -Ngemva kokuqala kwempi yombango eSpain—, ngokuzithandela wajoyina i-Army Navy.

e 1939, ngemva kokuphela kwengxabano yezikhali, Wabuyela eValladolid futhi waqala ukufunda e-Institute of Commerce. Lapho eqeda iziqu zakhe, wabhalisa eSikoleni Sezobuciko Nezandla ukuze enze izifundo zoMthetho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wasebenza njengomdwebi wekhathuni nomgxeki wefilimu wephephandaba INyakatho yeCastilla. Ngo-1942, wabizwa ngokuthi uMercantile Intendant maphakathi ne-Altos Estudios Mercantiles de Bilbao.

Umjaho wezincwadi

Waqala emhlabeni wezincwadi ngonyawo lwesokudla ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe Umthunzi we-cypress unwetshiwe (1948), inoveli athole ngayo indondo kaNadal. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, washicilela Ngisho kusesemini (1949), umsebenzi owamenza wahlukunyezwa amaFrancoists. Naphezu kwalokhu, umlobi akazange ayeke. Ngemva kwencwadi yakhe yesithathu, Umgwaqo (1950), wethula imisebenzi minyaka yonke, ehlanganisa amanoveli, izindaba, ama-eseyi nezingodo zohambo.

Kusukela ngo-February 1973—kwaze kwaba usuku lokufa kwakhe— AmaDelibes athatha isihlalo "e" seRoyal Academy ISpanishi. Emsebenzini wakhe omkhulu njengombhali, wathola imiklomelo ebalulekile ngemisebenzi yakhe, kanye neziqu Honoris causa emanyuvesi ahlukene. Bagqama kubo:

• I-Prince of Asturias Award for Literature (1982)
• Udokotela we-hononis causa ovela e-Complutense University of Madrid (1987)
• Umklomelo Kazwelonke Wezincwadi ZaseSpain (1991)
• I-Miguel de Cervantes Award (1993)
• Indondo yegolide kaCastilla y León (2009)

Impilo yomuntu kanye nokufa

Miguel Delibes placeholder image Washada no-Ángeles de Castro ngo-April 23, 1946, nobani wayenabantwana abayisikhombisa: Miguel, Ángeles, Germán, Elisa, Juan Domingo, Adolfo noCamino. Ngo-1974, ukushona komkakhe kwaphawula ngaphambi nangemva kokuphila kwakhe, yingakho ehlise ijubane lezincwadi zakhe. Mashi 12, 2010, ngemva kokuhlushwa umdlavuza isikhathi eside, washona lapho ehlala khona en Valladolid.

Kusukela ngo-2007, ngosuku lokuzalwa lombhali lwama-87, izindlu zokushicilela i-Destino ne-Círculo de Lectores zashicilela izincwadi eziyisikhombisa ezihlanganisa imisebenzi yakhe. Lezi izi:

• Umbhali wezincwadi, u-I (2007)
• Izikhumbuzo nokuhamba (2007)
• Umbhali wezincwadi, II (2008)
• Umbhali wezincwadi, III (2008)
• Umbhali wezincwadi, IV (2009)
• Umzingeli (2009)
• Intatheli. Umbhali wendaba (2010)

Amanoveli wombhali

• Umthunzi we-cypress unwetshiwe (1948)
• Ngisho sekusemini (1949)
• Umgwaqo (1950)
• Indodana yami uSisi (1953)
• Idayari kaHunter (1955)
• Idayari yomfuduki (1958)
• Iqabunga elibomvu (1959)
• Amagundane (1962)
• Amahora amahlanu noMario (1966)
• Umzekeliso wabaphosayo (1969)
• Inkosana ekhishwe esihlalweni sobukhosi (1973)
• Izimpi zokhokho bethu (1975)
• Ivoti eliphikisayo likaSeñor Cayo (1978)
• Abamsulwa abangcwele (1981)
• Izincwadi zothando ezivela ku-sexagenarian evuthayo (1983)
• Ingcebo (1985)
• Izinkuni zeqhawe (1987)
• Intokazi ebomvu ngokubomvu (1991)
• Idayari yomuntu othathe umhlalaphansi (1995)
• Umhlubuki (1998)