Umusho kaFederico García Lorca.
Igama likaFederico García Lorca lihlobene nobukhulu nenhlekelele. Eyakhe yimisebenzi eminingi emele kakhulu yezinkondlo zaseSpain zekhulu lama-XNUMX, phakathi kwazo, Imbongi eNew York ibhekwa njengefaneleka kakhulu. Akumangazi ukuthi ochwepheshe abaningi bezemfundo bakhomba lesi siqeshana esigqugquzelwe idolobha elikhulu laseMelika njengenguquko emsebenzini wakhe.
Imbongi yaseGranada yabhala Imbongi eNew York ngenkathi ehlala "edolobheni elingalali" (June 1929 - March 1930). Kuyisiqephu esakhiwe amavesi amahhala alayishwe izithombe ze-surreal, ilungele ukukhombisa izinxushunxushu ezikhona zasemadolobheni. Lapho, u-Lorca wabonisa ubunzima balabo ababencishwe amathuba kakhulu okulimaza ubuchwepheshe kanye nokukhula kwempucuko.
Ukuhlaziywa Imbongi eNew York
Izindikimba nesitayela
U-Lorca usiza ukubungaza Imbongi eNew York incazelo ecwebe kakhudlwana kanye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo komqondo ukuntula izihloko ezixhumene nenganekwane yezwe lakubo (okuvamile emisebenzini eyandulelayo). Ngokunjalo, amavesi abhaliwe amahhala agcwele izinkulumo ze-oneiric, subjective kanye nezingenangqondo, afuna ukunxenxa umfundi ukuthi acabange ngokuveza imizwa okuzenzakalelayo.
Ngokwalesi sizathu, lesi siqeshana simelela iphoyinti lenguquko emsebenzini wezimbongi zase-Andalusian ukusuka ezinkondlweni zendabuko kuya kuziphakamiso ze-avant-garde. Azisekho izingoma zemethrikhi ezisuselwe kwezothando kanye neculo (okusobala ku- Izingoma, Ngokwesibonelo). Kakade ekupheleni kwawo-1920, izinkondlo ze-lyric zika-Lorca zavula indawo yenganekwane kanye ne-surrealism.
Ukwehliswa kobuntu
Umsebenzi ogqugquzelwe i-Big Apple imele umbhikisho womphakathi odalula usizi lwezakhamuzi ezibuthaka zedolobha elikhulu. Lapho, abantu base-Afrika-baseMelika kanye nezingane zezigaba eziphansi babonakala bephuciwe ngonya ubuntu babo ngokulimala kwemishini kanye nejometri yezakhiwo. Ngokuphambene, isithombe esihle esidalulwa emhlabeni wonke sibonisa idolobha eliwubukhazikhazi.
Ngokufanayo, U-Lorca ukubeke kwacaca ukwenqaba kwakhe ubunxiwankulu kanye nemiphumela yesimanjemanje. Ngokunjalo, ukucwasa okuhleliwe kanye nokungabi nabulungisa okungapheli okwahlushwa idlanzana elimnyama kwagcwalisa umlobi waseGranada ngokuphelelwa yithemba. Ngakho, Imbongi eNew York Kuthathwa njengokukhala kwenkululeko, ubuhle nothando.
Ukufa
Izilwane zasemadolobheni—izinja, ngokuyinhloko—ziqedela lo mbukiso oguquguqukayo wendawo ngaphansi komhlaba new Yorker. Izinja azibalekele amashwa akhiqizwa impucuko yezimboni, ehlukanisiwe, ethanda izinto ezibonakalayo kanye nokuzenzisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhathi asinakuba sibi kakhulu: Ukufika kuka-Lorca emhlabathini waseNyakatho Melika kwenzeka ngobusuku bangaphambi Kokuphahlazeka Kwe-1929.
Ngenxa yalokho, umbhali wase-Iberia wezwa intukuthelo ejulile njengoba evakashela i-Harlem nabangane bakhe be-jazz bevela kuklabhu ye-Small's Paradise. Le mibono yayibonakala kulokho U-Lorca ubize "ukucindezelwa komuntu ngumuntu" ehlathini elibandayo nelimnyama likakhonkolo. Lokhu kwadala ukungqubuzana okuphambili nokukhanya kwendawo ezungezile kanye namandla ayewajwayele.
izingxoxo zangaphakathi
Ukuziphatha okubi okwenziwa abantu abaphansi kwavusa uzwela lwembongi nayo eyayizibona iboshwe umhlangano. Okwamanje, U-Lorca wembula ngobuqili ukuphikisana okukhiqizwa ubungqingili bakhe phakathi kwemithetho eqinile yezenhlalo yangaleso sikhathi.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukukhetha kukaLorca kwezocansi bekulokhu kuyindaba yokuxoxisana kosomlando. kungaphezulu, lokho kuqondiswa bekuyingxenye yokuthweswa icala (kanye nezinsolo zokuzihlanganisa namaqembu amakhomanisi) esetshenziswa amaFalangist ukuze aqinisekise ukuboshwa kwabo kanye nokubulawa okulandelayo.
Umsebenzi wokuqinisekisa unomphela
Izikhalo uLorca aziveze kuzo Imbongi eNew York cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule zisacashile nanamuhla. Impela, ukwenziwa kwedijithali akuzange kulungise ukungalingani okukhulu kwezenhlalo kuyilapho ababencishwe amathuba kakhulu beqhubeka bengabonakali ngaphakathi kwesithombe esiwubukhazikhazi esivezwa kwezinye izindawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kungqubuzana kusaqhubeka nakwamanye amadolobha amaningi amakhulu emhlabeni.
Ingcaphuno evela ku-"Dusk at Coney Island"
Owesifazane oyisidudla wayephambili
ukukhipha izimpande nokumanzisa isikhumba sezigubhu;
owesifazane oyisidudla
lokho kuphendulela ama-octopus afayo ngaphakathi.
Owesifazane okhuluphele, isitha senyanga,
wagijima emigwaqweni nasemafulethini angahlali muntu
futhi washiya izingebhezi zejuba ezincane emakhoneni
futhi kwavusa ukufutheka kwamadili emakhulwini eminyaka adlule
futhi wabiza idemoni lesinkwa ngaphesheya kwamagquma esibhakabhakeni esishaneliwe
futhi yahlunga ukulangazelela ukukhanya ekujikelezeni komhlaba.
Ngamathuna, ngiyazi, ngamathuna
nobuhlungu bamakhishi agqitshwe ngaphansi kwesihlabathi,
abafileyo, ama-pheasant nama-apula elinye ihora
abasiphusha emphinjeni.
Mayelana nombhali, uFederico Garcia Lorca
UFederico García Lorca.
Yena "imbongi yomfelukholo» yaba wuphawu lokumelana ngemva kokubulawa kwakhe esandleni sohlangothi lwabavukeli ngesikhathi seMpi Yombango. Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi lokhu kubulala kwenzeka ngo-August 18, 1936, emgwaqweni ophakathi kweViznar ne-Alfacar, eGranada. Ngale ndlela, impilo yembongi eyayingaphambi kweSpain yesikhathi sakhe kanye nesinye sezithombe zeGeneration of 27 sacinywa.
Ngalesi sizathu, Impilo kaFederico García Lorca ingachazwa kuphela kusukela ebuntwaneni bakhe kuya ebusheni bakhe, njengoba ukuvuthwa kwawo kwakufushane kakhulu. Wazalwa ngoJuni 5, 1898, eFuente Vaqueros, eGranada. Wakhulela emndenini ophethwe umnikazi wendawo (uyise) kanye nothisha (unina), okwamvumela ukuba akhule egcwele ukuhamba emaphandleni, ukufunda, umculo nenjabulo.
Intsha egcwele ukuhamba nenjabulo yobuhlakani
Ngo-1914 uFederico osemusha wabhalisa eNyuvesi yaseGranada, lapho wafunda imisebenzi yeFilosofi nezincwadi kanye noMthetho. Ngesikhathi sakhe sokungcebeleka, uthando lwakhe lokubhala lwavuka ngenkathi ebuka i-geography yaseSpain ekanye nabafundi afunda nabo enyuvesi. Ngaleso sikhathi, waqeda ukubhala kwakhe kokuqala okushicilelwe, Okuvelayo namathafa (1918).
Kamuva, uLorca wahlala iminyaka embalwa e-Residencia de los Estudiantes edumile eMadrid, lapho ahlangana khona nokuthandwa kuka-Einstein noMarie Curie (phakathi kwabanye). Kanjalo, Kanye nabaculi nezihlakaniphi ezinjengoSalvador Dali, uRafael Alberti noma uLuis Buñuel, imbongi yase-Andalusi yayiyingxenye yenhlangano ye-avant-garde. eyadlulela ezizukulwaneni ezilandelayo ngaphansi kwegama elithi "The Generation of 27".
Tours of America
Ukungqubuzana kwezepolitiki kombhali waseSpain no ubushiqela bukaPrimo de Rivera bamshukumisela ukuba ashiye eSpain phakathi kwentwasahlobo ka-1929 nehlobo lika-1930. Ngalesi sikhathi, wanikeza izinkulumo ngenkathi ehlangana eduze namasiko nabantu bezindawo ezinjengeNew York, Vermont, Miami, Havana kanye neSantiago de Cuba.
Ngokufanayo, uLorca wabhala Imbongi eNew York —yanyatheliswa eminyakeni emine ngemva kokufa kwakhe—futhi, Ngesikhathi ehlala eCaribbean, umsebenzi wakhe weshashalazi ovelele kakhulu kwaba Umphakathi. Ungqondongqondo waseGranada uzobuyela ezwenikazi laseMelika ngo-1933, lapho enza izethulo eziphumelelayo zezingcezu zakhe ezimangalisayo (kanye nezingqungquthela eziningi) eBuenos Aires naseMontevideo.
Ukwakhiwa
Izincwadi zezinkondlo
- Izingoma (1921)
- Inkondlo kaCante jondo (1921)
- Itholakala eSalvador Dalí (1926)
- Ukuthandana kwamaGypsy (1928)
- Imbongi eNew York (1930)
- Lilela u-Ignacio Sánchez Mejías (1935)
- izinkondlo eziyisithupha ze-galician (1935)
- amasonethi othando amnyama (1936)
- Tamarit Divan (1940)
izingcezu zaseshashalazini
- I-Butterfly Hex (1920)
- UMariana pineda (1927)
- Umthungi wezicathulo omangalisayo (1930)
- I-altare likaDon Cristóbal (1930)
- Umphakathi (1930)
- Ngakho kudlula iminyaka emihlanu (1931)
- Uthando luka-Don Perlimplín no-Belisa engadini yakhe (1933)
- Umshado Wegazi (1933)
- inyumba (1934)
- I-Doña Rosita eyodwa noma ulimi lwezimbali (1935)
- Indlu kaBernarda Alba (1936).
temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba
- Okuvelayo namathafa (1918).