Ikhampasi egolide.
Ikhampasi egolide (1995) ngu isihloko sokuqala ochungechungeni Indaba emnyama, eyenziwe ngumlobi waseNgilandi uPhillip Pullman. Ihlelwe ngaphakathi kohlobo lwezincwadi ezingamaphupho, kuyincwadi enabalingiswa abajulile kakhulu, echazwe kahle, lapho kuthuthukiswa khona izingqikithi ezahlukene ezikhona. Akukho lutho kulo msebenzi olumnyama ngokuphelele noma olumhlophe futhi unembeza womfundi ubizwa ukuthi ahlulele ubunjalo bezinto ezithile eziyisisekelo.
Ikhampasi egolide —Eligama lakhe langempela Izibani ZaseNyakatho- wathola uPullman indondo ye-Carnegie 1995. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ncwadi yaba ngumthengisi othengisa kakhulu futhi yamukelwa kahle ngabagxeki bemibhalo. Isihloko saphinde senziwa ifilimu ngo-2007 ngaphansi kwegama lika Ikhampasi egolide (IGolden Compass), efilimini efakwe nguChris Weitz nezinkanyezi ezihamba phambili emhlabeni ezifana noDakota Blue Richards, uNicole Kidman noDaniel Craig, phakathi kwabanye.
Sobre el autor
UPhillip Pullman wazalelwa eNorwich, eNgilandi, ngo-Okthoba 19, 1946. Uyindodana ka-Audrey Merrifield no-Alfred Outram. Inhlekelele yomndeni yaphawula ubuntwana bakhe, njengoba ubaba wakhe wayengumshayeli wendiza weRAF owashona engozini yendiza. Uthole iziqu e-Exeter College, e-Oxford (1968) kanti njengamanje usebenza e-University of Oxford. Amathonya akhe amakhulu avela ezincwadini zakudala zaseBrithani, ezivela kubalobi abanjengoJohn Milton noma uWilliam Blake.
Uyaziwa emhlabeni jikelele ngochungechunge lwezincwadi ze Indaba emnyama, Amanani awo angukuthi: Izibani ZaseNyakatho (1995), Inkemba (1997), I-spyglass ene-lacquered (2000), I-Oxford kaLyra (2003) futhi Kudala enyakatho (2008). Phambilini lo mbhali wayenze olunye uchungechunge olubizwa ngokuthi Amanoveli kaSally Lockhart. Lokhu kulandelana kwenziwa Isiqalekiso sikarubhi (1985), Sally nesithunzi esisenyakatho (1986), USally nengwe ephuma emthonjeni (1990) futhi USally nenkosazana yethini (1994).
UPullman ungumbhali osekunesikhathi eside, incwadi yakhe yokuqala, Isiphepho esibuhlungu (Isiphepho esithandekayo) isukela ngonyaka we-1972. Ubuye washicilela eminye imidlalo, phakathi kwayo okugqamile Frankenstein y USherlock Holmes kanye neHorror yeLimehouse (kokubili kusuka ku-1992). Izindaba eziningi zabaseshi nazo zibalwa phakathi kwemisebenzi yakhe, njenge Izindaba Zabaseshi (1998) kanye no “Obani?"(I-2007).
Pullman Ubuye futhi wangena emhlabeni wezindaba ezinemifanekiso ngeziqu ezifana Indaba emnandi ka-Aladdin futhi isibani esihehayo (1993) futhi Ikati elinamabhuzu (2000). Izincwadi zakhe zakamuva zifaka phakathi UJesu omuhle noKristu, ababi (2009), Izigebengu ezimbili ezinamakhono (2011) futhi Ubuhle basendle (2017). Lesi sakamuva ukufaka kokuqala kochungechunge olusha: Incwadi yobumnyama.
UPhilip Pullman.
Umkhathi ofanayo we-The Golden Compass
Ukusondelana kukaPhillip Pullman noJohn Milton kubonakala ku- Ikhampasi egolide. Lokhu kuyabonakala emhlabeni wamaphupho owethulwa kumfundi. Kulesi sikhala esiyinkohliso umphefumulo wabantu ukhombisa isimo somzimba, esihlukaniswe nomzimba kanye nesilwane esilhouette (amademoni). Okunye okuvelele kulo mhlaba ukuthuthuka kwawo kwamasiko nezobuchwepheshe: amandla kagesi abizwa nge- "ambaric" kanti ne-physics yaziwa ngokuthi "imfundiso yenkolo yokulinga."
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthuthwa komoya kwenziwa ngama-zeppelin namabhaluni omoya ashisayo. Isiphathimandla sikahulumeni esiphakeme kunazo zonke sibizwa ngokuthi "iMagisterium" futhi kunamabhere akhuluma ngokukhalipha ahlakaniphile (yize engawabonisi amademoni). Kukhona nabathakathi abakwaziyo ukuphila amakhulu eminyaka nabantu abayimizulane abahlala emikhunjini (kuyaqabukela bekhona kwenye indawo ngaphandle kolwandle): “abaseGibhithe”.
Into ebalulekile yetulo ukukholelwa enganekwaneni ebikezela ukufika kwentombazane indima yayo ebalulekile empini enendawo yonke. Ngokwengeziwe, sekusabalale amahlebezi amabi: ukuthunjwa kwabafana namantombazane abathathwa baya enyakatho ukuze babenze izivivinyo ezimbi sekuqalile. Lesi sici sokugcina sokulandisa siholele ekuvinjelweni kwalencwadi kwamanye amazwe aseMelika, ngoba izinhlangano zabazali abaningi zikuthatha njengokufundwa “okuyihlazo” kwabancane.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo nokuhlaziywa
Indawo yemicimbi nezehlakalo zokuqala
Indaba yenzeka ikakhulukazi eJordani College, e-Oxford. Lapha, ULyra Belacqua, ophambili, uyintombazane eneminyaka eyishumi nanye ebandakanyeka esimeni esingesihle. Kuvela ndawo ukuthi izindaba ezingathandeki kubantu ziqala ukuvela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uRoger, umngani wakhe omkhulu, unyamalele lapho edinga kakhulu, ngoba izwe lonke limelene naye futhi uyazi ukuthi ubhekiwe nomaphi lapho eya khona.
Ukuze, Yize kukhombisa umhlaba omnandi ngokuphelele, izimo eziningi ezilandiswa nguPullman zibhekana nomfundi ngezinkinga zamanje, njengobumfihlo nonya lwesintu ngekhulu lama-XXI. Ngokunjalo, kunezinkinga ezindabeni ezahlukahlukene ezikhona njengokuzazi, inkululeko yokuzikhethela nokujula kwemizwelo yomuntu.
Imibimbi yeLyra
Ukufeza izinhloso zakhe, uLyra ufuna umfelandawonye wabantu abathathu abahluke kakhulu.: USarafina, umthakathi omnandi kakhulu ofaka isimilo somama futhi osiza umlingiswa oyinhloko ukuthola injongo yakhe empini ezayo; Lee Lee Scoresby, balloonist we-Texan lolwati lolukhuni nalomlingisi lofutfumele naloshintja ngetindlela letifanako; noLorek Byrnison, ibhere elixoshiwe elinoLyra enza isibopho esikhethekile, limvumela ukuthi abe mkhulu, aqine futhi abe nesibindi ukudlula yena.
Ubufazi besifazane
U-Pullman ubuye akhombise umlayezo onamandla kakhulu wesifazane ngokubonisa entombazaneni zonke izimfanelo nezindinganiso ezincomekayo. ULyra uchazwa njengomuntu oqotho onesibindi esanele sokuphikisa amandla amelwe yiThe Magisterium. Ngokufanayo, umbhali uguqula inkolelo evamile yomlingiswa wesifazane okufanele asindiswe.
UPhilip Pullman ucaphuna.
Ukufana neNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki
Isiteji sibhekisa ngqo kwi-Inquisition kanye nokusetshenziswa kokwesaba njengethuluzi eliphindwe kabili lokulawula abantu. Kukhona futhi isizukulwane esihlala njalo semininingwane okungeyona kwabacindezeli. Eziningi zezinto ezishaqisayo ezichazwe zifanelekile ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuthi "okuhle okuhle" futhi izakhiwo zamandla zibhekene noLyra kuphela. Nguye ophula inhlamba yobufazi obulalelayo ngokuhlala ephula imingcele emvimbelayo.