AbakwaSilmarillion

AbakwaSilmarillion iqoqo lezindaba eziqanjiwe eziqanjiwe ezidalwe ngumbhali waseBrithani uJRR Tolkien. Yabhalwa emashumini ambalwa eminyaka futhi yashicilelwa ngemuva kokufa ngo-1977 yindodana yombhali, uChristopher Tolkien. Isihloko sibhekise kumaSilmarils, amagugu amathathu amahle omlando wawo utshelwa encwadini, ahlobene neminye imicimbi elandiswa kuyo yonke le ndaba.

Umsebenzi uqukethe izingxenye ezinhlanu ezichaza futhi zihlobanise ukuvela kwezindawo nezidalwa ezahlukahlukene ezakha indawo yonke enkulu umbhali ayidalele yona Hobbit y INkosi yezindandathokanye nokulwela amandla phakathi kwamandla okuhle nokubi. Eyokugcina kulezi zingxenye ezinhlanu, enesihloko esithi Umlando Wezindandatho Zamandla kanye neNkathi Yesithathu, ihlobene ngqo nezehlakalo ezilandiswa kumanoveli amabili ashiwo. Le misebenzi iphakathi kwezincwadi ezinhle kakhulu emhlabeni.

Okuthunyelwe sekwedlule isikhathi ekuqaleni

Okuthunyelwe kwakho kufike kanye INkosi yezindandatho lase selizuze ukuthandwa okukhulu emhlabeni wonke. Abafundi abaningi nabagxeki bawuthatha njengomsebenzi onzima kakhulu kaTolkien njengoba uqukethe izinganekwane nezindaba ezisekela umhlaba wonke oqanjiwe owenziwe ngumbhali.

Sobre el autor

UJohn Ronald Reuel Tolkien, owaziwa kangcono njengo-JRR Tolkien, wayengudokotela wezifundo zemilingo waseBrithani owazalelwa eBloemfontein, uprofesa nomlobi (kulezi zinsuku insimu yaseNingizimu Afrika) ngonyaka we-1892. Ngesikhathi esemncane wahlala eBirmingham, eNgilandi, kanye nonina nodadewabo. Wayengumpetha ovelele we-philology nolimi lwesiNgisi, nomfundi wezilimi ezahlukahlukene.

Okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe njengesikhulu saseBrithani eMpini Yezwe I, ukushisekela kwakhe inkolo yamaKatolika, intshisekelo yakhe kwifilosofi yase-Europe kanye nezinganekwane, kanye ulwazi lwakhe oluningi lwezilimi luthonye futhi lwathuthukisa umsebenzi wakhe wezinganekwane. Uthole udumo lomhlaba eminyakeni eyalandela ukushicilelwa kwe- INkosi yezindandatho, ngawo-1950.

Ngaphezu kwale noveli, ungumbhali wayo I-Roverandom, Hobbit, AbakwaSilmarillion, Umlando we-Kullervo, Izinganekwane ezingakaqedwa zeNúmenor noMhlaba ophakathi, Umlando Womhlaba Ophakathi nezinye izindaba nezinkondlo. Wayenguprofesa e-University of Oxford naseMerton College.

Washada no-Edith Mary Bratt futhi baba nezingane ezine ndawonye. Ushonele eBournemouth, eNgilandi, ngo-1973., eshiya ingxenye yomsebenzi wakhe ingaqediwe. Lokhu kwaqoqwa, kwahlelwa futhi kwashicilelwa eminyakeni yamuva yindodana yakhe yesithathu uChristopher John Reuel Tolkien.

Ukwakhiwa kwe-Arda, izinganekwane zayo kanye nokulwa kokuhle nokubi

AbakwaSilmarillion ngezigaba ukwakhiwa kwendawo yonke okuthiwa u-Eä, ngunkulunkulu ophakeme u-Ilúvatar, obizwa nangokuthi u-Eru. Lo nkulunkulu uphinde wadala i-Ainur, abanye onkulunkulu ababumba i-Arda, umhlaba owakhiwe ngama-elves, amadoda nezinye izidalwa.

Ngesikhathi sokudalwa kuka-Arda, omunye we-Ainur, ogama lakhe linguMelkor, waqala ukonakalisa imisebenzi nabanye onkulunkulu abenziwe ngu-Eru, ngaleyo ndlela kuveza ukuphikisana phakathi kokuhle nokubi. Le dichotomy ingenye yezingqikithi eziyinhloko zazo zonke izincwadi zikaTolkien.

Engxenyeni emaphakathi nesiminyene kakhulu ye- AbakwaSilmarillion kuyabhalwa ukuthi, ngesikhathi seNkathi Yokuqala, inkosi enamandla ye-elf yomndeni wakwaNoldor ogama layo linguFëanor, yakha kanjani amaSilmarils, amagugu amathathu ayigugu aqukethe ukukhanya komhlaba. AbakwaSilmarils bantshontshwa nguMelkor enza uchungechunge lwezehlakalo nokulwa okubandakanya ama-elves, amadoda, ama-dwarves, onkulunkulu, njll.

Ngasekupheleni kwencwadi kuhlobene izimo zokudalwa nokulahleka kweringi eyodwa kaSauron, unkulunkulu ogcwele ububi futhi owayengumngane kaMelkor. USauron ukhohlise ama-elves futhi wakwazi ukwenza into emele impikiswano emaphakathi ye- INkosi yamasongo, ngaleyo ndlela silandisa amaqiniso we AbakwaSilmarillion nalabo abakule noveli. Kubathandi bezincwadi, le ncwadi kumele ifundwe, ingenye yezinganekwane ezinhle kakhulu ezisebenza emlandweni wesintu.

I-athikili ehlobene:

Izincwadi ezinhle kakhulu zezinganekwane

AbakwaSilmarillion ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezinhlanu

• Ayinulindalë.
• I-Valaquenta.
• I-Quenta Silmarillion.
• Akallabêth.
• Umlando Wezindandatho Zamandla kanye neNkathi Yesithathu.

Lezi zingxenye nazo zakhiwa izindaba ezahlukahlukene phakathi kwazo ezigqamile "Indaba kaBeren noLúthien", "Yohambo luka-Eärendil neMpi Yolaka", "Umculo we-Ainur", "Ukuwa kweGondolin" , "Amadodana kaHúrin", phakathi kwabanye.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo kanye nesitayela sokulandisa

Umxoxi wezindaba owazi konke futhi ukude

Njengakwezinye izindaba eziningi ezibhalwe nguTolkien, in AbakwaSilmarillion sihlangana nombalisi owazi konke lokho kancane kancane, futhi esebenzisa izincazelo eziningi, wembulela abafundi izimo, amaqiniso, abalingiswa, izindawo nezisusa.

Nokho, uma kuqhathaniswa namanoveli akhe athandwa kakhulu, Hobbit y INkosi yezindandatho, ithoni yokulandisa inzima kakhulu futhi ikude, ephikisana nobukhulu bezenzakalo ezihlobene nazo.

Umsebenzi wokuphila konke

AbakwaSilmarillion Yenziwe izindaba ezixhumene, ezazibhalwa ngezikhathi ezehlukene empilweni yombhali wayo. Waqala ukudweba lo msebenzi ngasekupheleni kwawo-1910s, ngemuva kokukhishwa ebuthweni laseBrithani ngenxa yokugula eMpini Yezwe I. Ulandelele, wabhala kabusha, futhi wahlela zombili izindaba nabalingiswa ngezikhathi kuze kube ngawo-1960.

Leli qiniso liholele ekutheni ezinye izingxenye zencwadi zilandiswe ngokuphelele futhi zichazwe kunezinye., futhi ngoba kunezindaba ezichazwe ngethoni yefilosofi eyinkimbinkimbi. Ngaphezu kwalokho kukhona ukungafani okuncane maqondana nezinhlamvu zesibili ezivela ngezikhathi ezihlukile ze- AbakwaSilmarillion y INkosi yamasongo.

UChristopher Tolkien wahlanganisa, wahlela futhi waqedela izindaba zikababa wakhe nemidwebo yakhe AbakwaSilmarillion (futhi nakwezinye izincwadi ezikhuluma nge-cosmogony ka-Eä noMiddle-earth), kunjalo, ngosizo lomlobi waseCanada uGuy Gavriel Kay. Yaphela kanjalo-ke inqubo ende neyinkimbinkimbi yokudala yomsebenzi.

Noma kunjalo, konke Lezi zimo azinciphisi ikhwalithi nokujula kwe- AbakwaSilmarillion njengencwadi eyasungula umhlaba omuhle owenziwe nguTolkien. Kunoma ikuphi, uhlobo lwebhayibheli elingaphelelwa isikhathi ngabafundi nabalandeli bomsebenzi wombhali waseBrithani, kanye nezincwadi ezingamaphupho ngokujwayelekile.

Izinkomba zezinganekwane ezahlukahlukene nezincwadi zakudala

Ukuphefumulelwa kuka-Eä kanye nazo zonke izithixo zayo nezinhlamvu singayithola ezinganekwaneni zaseNorse, Celtic naseGrikhikanye naseziqokweni zasendulo zaseFinland nase-Anglo-Germanic. Lezi zinkomba zingatholakala kubalingiswa abaqavile nasezilimeni ezahlukahlukene namagama ahlelwe nguTolkien wezinhlanga nezinhlanga ezahlukahlukene.

Iphinde ikhumbuze ibhayibheli lamaJudao-lamaKrestu ekwakhiweni kwalo futhi, kungaphikiswa, ekuphikiseni phakathi kuka-Eru noMelkor.. Lesi sakamuva siwuhlobo lukaLucifer odabuka ekhwayeni kankulunkulu ophakeme futhi onakaliswe yisifiso sakhe sokubusa.

Iphinde ibhekise kwizincwadi zakudala, isibonelo uShakespeare. Indaba kaBeren noLúthien Kuphefumulelwe yindaba yaseWales UCulhwch no-Olwen, futhi iqukethe nezinto ezifanayo U-Romeo noJuliet. Ngokulandelayo yagqugquzela indaba yothando ka-Aragorn no-Arwen, abalingiswa abavela INkosi yezindandatho.

Personajes

U-Eru noma u-Ilúvatar

Ungunkulunkulu ophakeme nomdali we-Ainur, amqokele emcabangweni wakhe. Ayinayo ifomu lomzimba noma izici ezingachazwa. Wadala u-Eä, indawo yonke. Zonke ezinye izinto azibunjwanga ngqo nguye, kepha zenziwe onkulunkulu abenzile. Kuyinkomba ecacile kunkulunkulu ongubaba wenkolo yamaJuda namaKrestu.

IMelkor noma iMorgoth

Ungunkulunkulu onamandla kakhulu owadalwa ngu-Eru. Kwakuyizwi elihluphayo ekhwayeni le-Ainur elasungulwa unkulunkulu ophakeme futhi liyimbangi enkulu kwabaningi AbakwaSilmarillion.

Ngesikhathi sokudalwa kuka-Arda, wayenezifiso zokubusa ngaphezu kwakho konke njengo-Dark Lord. Wadala izingxabano ezahlukahlukene futhi waboshwa ngamaketanga. Kamuva weba abakwaSilmaril, wabumbela u-elf Fëanor, wadedela amashwa amaningi. Unguyise wabo bonke ububi, obuphikelela emhlabeni noma esefile.

I-Fëanor

Uyinkosana futhi kamuva inkosi yama-elf yomndeni kaNoldor. Uqale wathonywa nguMelkor wagwetshwa iminyaka engu-12 esekudingisweni ngokudelela umfowabo.

Uhlakaniphe ngokweqile futhi ungumkhandi wegolide ovelele. Wakha amaSilmarils ekukhanyeni kwezihlahla zaseValinor, lapho isicabucabu saseUngoliant sibhubhisa lesi sakamuva. Ngesikhathi kwebiwa abakwaSilmarils, wafunga ukuthi uzobabuyisela emuva anikele ngempilo yakhe uma kunesidingo.

Ungolioli

Kuyisicabucabu esikhulu futhi esesabekayo, esihlala silambele ukukhanya, esihlangana neMelkor. Ngokuhambisana nayo, yafaka ushevu futhi yachitha izihlahla ezimbili zaseValinor, iTelperion neLaurelin, ezazingumthombo wokukhanya emhlabeni ngaphambi kokuba ilanga nenyanga kube khona. Kamuva wahlukana noMelkor, ngenxa yokuhahela kwakhe abakwaSilmarils, futhi wazala umndeni wezicabucabu ezesabekayo ezafaka ubuthi ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene.

ISauron

Uyizinceku ezinamandla kunazo zonke zezinceku zikaMelkor futhi uzuza njengefa inkanuko yamandla futhi abizwe ngeNkosi Emnyama. lapho lokhu sekudingisiwe futhi bafa. Futhi ingenye ye-Ainur. Ukwazi ukwenza ubumbeko ngokuthanda, ikhono alisebenzisayo ukukhohlisa ama-elves nezinye izidalwa eziningi. Uphinde abe ngumsakazi onamandla osebenzisa insimbi. Ukhuthaze ukwenziwa kwamasongo wamandla ngama-elves futhi wakha indandatho eyingqayizivele eMount Doom.