Ukuvuka kwemimoya. I-Poetic Anthology, kaJuan Ramón Torregrosa

Ukuvuka kwemimoya. I-anthology yezinkondlo, iyincwadi yokuhlanganiswa kwezinkondlo ezenziwe ngababhali abehlukene kuwo wonke umlando. Yashicilelwa njengesiqondisi semfundo okokuqala ngqa ngo-2002 yi-Editorial Vicens Vives, noJuan Ramón Torregrosa njengomhleli. Izithombe zihambisana noJesús Gabán.

Ngokusho kwengosi yokubhala ULuna Miguel (2019), "Incwadi ihlose ukuthi uthathe uhambo lokucabanga lapho uhlangana khona namanye amasiko, amazwe angajwayelekile nezindawo ezingacabangeki”. Uhambo olunjalo olungokomzwelo nolumnandi lungasuswa kuphela ngosiba lwezimbongi ezihlakaniphe kakhulu emhlabeni.

Mayelana nomhleli, uJuan Ramón Torregrosa

UJuan Ramón Torregrosa wazalwa ngo-1955 eGuardamar del Segura (Alicante), eSpain. Uthole iziqu ze-Hispanic Philology e-Autonomous University of Barcelona. Kusukela ngo-1979 usebenze njengothisha wesikole samabanga aphakeme; Njengamanje usebenza e-IES Doctor Balmis e-Alicante. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wasebenza njengomqondisi obambisene wePoetry Classroom e-University of Alicante phakathi kuka-1999 no-2005.

Ubuye waqondisa izinhlelo ezibucayi zikaBenjamín Jarnés (Umugqa wakho womlilo), IBécquer (Izinganekwane nemilolozelo) no-Alejandro Casona (Natacha wethu). Imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala eyaziwayo isukela ngonyaka we-1975, iningi lazo kube yizincwadi zezinkondlo nama-anthologies. Ubuye wakhiqiza ukuzivumelanisa kwentsha noveli kaDickens, Umlando wemizi emibili.

Eminye imibhalo evelele kaJuan Ramón Torregrosa

• Isiziba esingunxantathu (1975). Incwadi yezinkondlo.
• Ilanga leSiesta (1996). Incwadi yezinkondlo.
• Izinkathi ezine zonyaka. Isimemo senkondlo (1999). I-anthology yezinkondlo zezingane.
• Sula ukusakaza, umthombo othulile (2000). I-anthology yezinkondlo zezingane.
• Namuhla ziyizimbali eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isiko lomlomo kuzimbongi ezingama-27 (2007). I-anthology yezinkondlo zezingane.
• Kusasa kuzoba uju (2007). I-Anthology yezinkondlo zentsha.
• Isizungu (2008). Incwadi yezinkondlo.
• Ikhonsathi yokuphikisana (2017). Incwadi yezinkondlo.

Ukuhlaziywa Ukuvuka kwemimoya. I-anthology yezinkondlo

Izinhlobo zakamuva ze-anthology zifaka amanothi achazayo noma acacisa kanye nesithasiselo sezabelo zokuhlaziywa kwezinkondlo. Vele, ukuba yisifaniso, uhlobo lokubhala, amatemu kanye nesitayela sokulandisa kuyehluka ngokuya ngombhali asebenze kukho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imifanekiso kaJesús Gabán yakha umphelelisi ophelele wokuqonda umongo wezinhlamvu ezifundwayo.

Ukufaneleka okukhulu kwe-anthology yeTorregrosa

UJuan Ramón Torregrosa wakhetha kahle ababhali nezinkondlo ezifakwe kwi-anthology yakhe ngokusho kwezihloko ezihlanganisiwe. Ingabe ikhona enye indlela engcono yokukhuthaza ukuzitholela kubantu abasha kunabantu abanobuhlakani njengoNeruda noma uGómez de la Serna? Noma imibhalo engaziwa ingakhanga noma ikhange ngokwengeziwe uma iqhathaniswa naleyo eyenziwe izimbongi ezaziwa kakhulu.

Ngokufanayo, Ukuvuka kwemimoya ikwazi ukukhiqiza intshisekelo ebalulekile phakathi kwabafundi abayitoho. Ngaphandle kokuqondiswa kwezethameli zezingane, ukufunda le ncwadi kujabulisa kakhulu izethameli zeminyaka yonke. Yize kuyincwadi enenhloso ecacile yokufundisa, ukwakheka kwayo kungakhanga kulabo bafundi abazithandayo izinkondlo.

Isakhiwo

UJuan Ramón Torregrosa wethula izinkondlo ezihlelwe zaba izingqikithi eziyisikhombisa. Ababhali abanjengoRubén Darío, uRafael Alberti, uPablo Neruda, uBécquer, UJuan Ramon Jimenez noma uFederico García Lorca, bachazwe engqikithini engaphezu kweyodwa. Enkondlweni ngayinye, umhleli ukhomba imisebenzi ukuze acacise izinhloso nemizwa yombhali. Ngendlela efanayo, lezi zabelo zenza lula ukuqonda kwamadivayisi wemibhalo asetshenzisiwe.

Ukusuka

AbakwaTorregrosa bahlanganisa ezokuqala behlukanisa izinkondlo ezimbili zokuqala ezizungeze ubudlelwano obuphakathi kukababa nendodana (a). Inkondlo yokuqala ehlaziyiwe ithi "Rueda que irás muy mucho", kaMiguel Hernández. Umnyombo oshukumisayo walo mbhalo ukuzinikela ubaba akuzwelayo ngendodana yakhe. Umhleli ubuza abafundi bakhe ngezindlela ezisetshenziswe umlingiswa ophambili ukubiza indodana yakhe, uhlobo lwamagama asetshenzisiwe kanye nezifiso ezicatshangelwe.

Inkondlo yesibili ithi "Margarita Debayle", nguRubén Darío. Ngalesi sikhathi, UTorregrosa ugcizelela uthando lokulunga nobuhle oluvuswa yimbongi yintombazane echazwe endabeni. Imibuzo ethunyelwe ifuna ukwenza lula ukuhunyushwa kwezibalo, amaphupho kanye nehaba. Ngendlela efanayo, ingxenye yezenkolo neyezomoya ichazwa njengento ebalulekile yokuvalwa kwenkondlo.

Ukulangazelela okuhambayo, amaphupho enkululeko

Kuleli qembu lezinkondlo, uTorregrosa uqhakambisa imibono eyahlukene yezimbongi ezibhale ngohambo nokweqa. Ngokusobala, lezi yizinkondlo umnyombo wazo ngokwawo odlula ukudluliswa usuka endaweni eyodwa uye kwenye yomuntu. Empeleni, ikhuluma ngokulinganiselwa, amajele, inkululeko, ukwesaba, isibindi, uhambo olungaphezu kolwazi olungaziwa ... Konke kusengqondweni yomlobi nomfundi.

«Amamephu», nguConcha Méndez

UTorregrosa ubuza abafundi ngemizwa ethunyelwa umlingiswa ophambili lapho ebheka amamephu. Ngokunjalo, umhleli uyaqonda ukuthi umongo ulungele ukugxambukela ezimweni ezijwayelekile zentsha. Phakathi kwabo, isifiso sokubalekela noma ukweqa ezimeni (noma kubo uqobo). Ngalesi sizathu, imephu ingasho ngasikhathi sinye inselelo ebhekene nesibindi noma ukwesaba ukubhekana nezindawo ezingaziwa.

"Gibela olwandle", nguRafael Alberti

Ngokusobala, izosha zama URafael Alberti bakhombisa uthando lwabo olwandle. Ngakho-ke, ama-horizons amakhulu namandla awo angenakuqedwa avusa imizwa yenkululeko, amandla, ingozi, noma isikhuthazo. Konke ukuphikisana kuvumelekile ezizindeni zabo. Muhle, akatholakali, uyadambisa futhi unesiphepho; ulwandle lwase-Alberti lulethwa nguTorregrosa njengesivivinyo sokuvumela umcabango undize, ngokoqobo.

«I-telegraph iyanamathela», nguCelia Viñas no I-PatonguBlas de Otero

Isisho sazo zombili izimbongi sicacile ngaphesheya kwesitimela nolayini we-telegraph. UTorregrosa usebenzisa yomibili imibhalo ukuchaza ukuthi injabulo yokuhamba ingaqhamuka kanjani ezimweni ezihlukile kumuntu ngamunye. Mayelana nalokhu, umhleli ugcizelela ilungelo lenkululeko yabantu kanye nenhloso yokuqeda imingcele. Imiqondo evezwe ngesitayela esicace bha nguBlas de Otero.

«I-Adolescencia», kaJuan Ramón Jiménez no Ingoma yePiratenguJosé de Espronceda

Mhlawumbe, inkondlo kaJiménez ngumbhalo ka Ukuvuka kwemimoya lapho abafundi abasha bezizwa bekhonjwe kakhulu. Kungani osemusha efuna ukushiya idolobha lakhe? Uthando lukala malini ezinqumweni ezenziwe? Lo mbuzo wokugcina futhi uyisihloko esiyinhloko sikaJosé de Espronceda enkondlweni yakhe yesisho esithandekayo somculo.

Amanye amazwe, abanye abantu

Izici nezimfanelo

I- "Black Sensuality", ebhalwe nguJorge Artel, ichaza ubuhle obedlulele besifazane onefa le-Afro-inzalo ye-genotypic. UTorregrosa ugcizelela indlela u-Artel aqokomisa ngayo izici ezinhle zomnyuziyamu wakhe ngokumomotheka kwendlovu nesikhumba se-ebony. Ngokufanayo, inkondlo ethi «Saga», ka-Aramís Quintero ihlaziywa ngabakwaTorregrosa ukugqamisa ukusetshenziswa okuqondile kwezichasiso lapho kuvusa imibono yezinzwa.

Iziphawulo zemvelo nehlathi likakhonkolo

Kule ndaba, umhleli uqhubeka nokufunda kwakhe ngamabizo asetshenziselwa ukuchaza imvelo ku "Magred", nguFrancisco Brines. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uTorregrosa uqhubeka kule nkondlo elandelayo -I-Aurora, nguFederico García Lorca— ukucwaninga ngezinganekwane zabaphenyi bezinto zedolobha elikhulu elalikhubazekile (eNew York). Lezo zithombe ezingenangqondo zinemininingwane yokuhlola izingoma ezibonisa amaphupho amabi, udlame, ukukhathazeka nokufa.

Embusweni wothando

Ama-Epithets nezinkathi zonyaka

UJuan Ramón Jiménez uvela futhi kwi-anthology yezinkondlo neyakhe Ekuseni kwentwasahlobo. Kulesi senzakalo, uTorregrosa ubuza izethameli ngezizathu zembongi zokukhetha izimbali zasekuseni ngo-Ephreli njengendlela yokuzwakalisa injabulo yakhe. Ngokufanayo, ku- "Rimas" kaGustavo Adolfo Bécquer, umhleli uhlolisisa imigoqo yemetric yendaba enomsindo ebhekise ezigabeni ezahlukene zothando: inkohliso, isifiso nokwehluleka.

Ngokunjalo, uTorregrosa ucela abafundi ukuthi babhale ezabo izinkanuko ezifana nalezo ezathunjwa ngu-Ángela Figuera enkondlweni yakhe ethi "Autumn". Ngokufanayo, ne- "Frutos del amor" ka-Antonio Carvajal, kuyahlaziywa izingqikithi zama-assonance ezizungeze izingathekiso ezinothando ezisuselwa kwimvelo.

Uthando ezinkondlweni zendabuko

En Ama-Soleares, amaSeguidillas namanye ama-couplets nguManuel Machado gxila kuzakhiwo zemethrikhi yendabuko. Ngokuqonda komhleli, umsebenzi kaMachado umele ithuba elifanele lokuqonda imvumelwano ye-assonance enamavesi angajwayelekile noma angafani. Noma ngabe kumavesi, amaSeguidillas noma ama-soleas.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uTorregrosa wethula imisebenzi yokukhomba izingathekiso enkondlweni ethi «Rima», ebhalwe nguBécquer nohlobo lwemethrikhi yendabuko ezinkondlweni ezimbili ezingaziwa. Kowokuqala, "Uthando lunamandla amakhulu kunokufa" (engaziwa), umbhali unemizwa exubile yokuyeka umsebenzi nethemba. Owesibili wabo ngu- "El romance de la condesita", onemigqa engu-134 ye-octosyllabic yemvumelwano ye-assonance ebabazekayo emavesini ayo alinganayo.

Ulimi lwemizwa

Ngokubhekisa ku- "The Queen" nguPablo Neruda, uTorregrosa ubeka okuhlangenwe nakho okuzimele komthandi ngombono. Ngakho-ke, buza abafundi ukuthi ngabe babuke ngaleyoveli yini eyenza ukubonakala nezenzo zomuntu othandekayo kube phezulu. Ngasikhathi sinye, umhleli uchaza esebenzisa "Isidlo sasekuseni" (nguLuis Alberto Cuenca) ukuthi ulimi olujwayelekile lusebenza ngokuphelele ezinkondlweni. Isichazamazwi esiyinkimbinkimbi kanye / noma esiyinkimbinkimbi asibalulekile.

Asihambe sibambene

Ingokomoya nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke

Ku "The Wheel of Peace", kaJuan Rejano, uTorregrosa ugcizelela ukubaluleka kwezimpawu zokukhuluma. Lokho wukuthi, izinto ezinesigqi ezitholwe ngesakhiwo esifanayo nesiphindaphindwayo ngenkathi zikhombisa ubuntwana, imidlalo, impi nokuthula. Ngendlela efanayo, umhleli ukhuluma no "Ode to Sadness" kaNeruda ukukhomba ubudlelwano obasungulwa yimbongi phakathi kwezilwane "ezingcolile" nokuhlupheka kwazo.

Ngaphandle komuzwa odabukisayo, uNeruda wabamba amavesi athile anethemba kulo msebenzi, ngoba ukuqonda usizi kuyinto engokwemvelo engokomoya. Ngokunjalo, uBlas de Otero uhlola indikimba yokukholwa kuNkulunkulu nakubuntu enkondlweni yakhe ethi "In the most majority." Emcabangweni womhleli, ukubhala kuka-Otero kukuthanda ukuhlaziywa kwezihloko ezingokomoya (inkolo, ukwethemba, amanani kanye namandla angaphakathi).

Umphakathi, ubungane nozwela

Inkondlo ethi «Bares», ebhalwe nguNicolás Guillén, icelwa nguTorregrosa ukuthi ihlolisise ulimi oluvamile olusetshenziswa abantu basemadolobheni amancane emathaveni. Ngakho-ke, kuphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nokuthayipha kwabalingiswa kanye nejubane lokukhululeka kwedolobha ngokungafani nezinkulumo ezimnandi ezidunyiswe nguGuillén. Ngemuva kwalokho, umhleli we-anthology yezinkondlo ufunda ukuphana okushunyayelwe nguJosé Martí ku Iruva elimhlophe.

Akuyona imininingwane emincane, ngoba uMartí uthi ekubhaleni kwakhe ikhwalithi echaza ubuntu babantu ngabanye: ukuhlonipha isitha.. Kamuva, uTorregrosa uqhathanisa inkondlo Akekho yedwa, ngu-Agustín Goytisolo, lapho umbhali egxeka ubuvila bomhlaba othuthukile. Lezi zimo zokuzimela ziyinto yokulahlwa kukaGoytisolo emigqeni yakhe yokudlulisa icala emhlabeni wonke.

Amabizo njengezinsizakusebenza zokuveza ezinhlosweni ezahlukene

Inkondlo yamashumi amathathu ehlaziywe nguJuan Ramón Torregrosa ekufaniseni kwakhe ithi "Distinto", kaJuan Ramón Jiménez. Kungumbhalo lapho kuvikelwa khona ukwehluka ngokobuzwe, ngamasiko nangokwenkolo phakathi komhlaba ogcwele ukushiseka ngokweqile nokungabekezelelani. UJiménez usebenzisa amabizo emvelo ahlukene (inyoni, intaba, umgwaqo, i-rose, umfula kanye nomuntu) ngokufana nobuningi bokubonakaliswa kwabantu.

Okulandelayo, umhleli umema ukuba kufundwe amabizo abekwe nguRubén Darío ku- "The Wolf Motives." Eminingi yayo ngamagama afanayo asetshenziselwa ukugqamisa umehluko phakathi kokuziphatha kwemvelo kwemvelo nobubi obenziwa ngamabomu babantu. Kamuva, uTorregrosa uqhubeka nencazelo ezungeze amabizo esebenzisa izifaniso nemvelo esetshenziswe nguRafael Alberti ku Ingoma.

Ukuhamba ngendalo

Njengesixhumanisi nesihloko esidlule, uTorregrosa welula ukuchazwa kwakhe kumabizo e- «Romance del Duero», nguGerardo Diego. Kule nkondlo umbhali ubeka ukuhlakanipha kwemvelo (okwenziwe samuntu emfuleni) ngaphambi kwezinto ezingcolisa umzimba. Iqiniso elinengqondo elibonwa ngezinzwa liphinde liphathwe emibuzweni ephakanyisiwe mayelana nokuthi "Bengishaya umtshingo wami", nguJiménez.

Ngendlela efanayo, umhleli ubuyela ekuhlolisiseni izimpikiswano ezingokomoya ezichazwe ngezenzo namabizo akhona ku- "El poplar namanzi othandweni." Ngalesi sizathu, inkondlo kaPedro Salinas ikhombisa ukubaluleka kwempilo yasemoyeni yezimbongi. Ngemuva kwalokho, uTorregrosa ubuza umfundi ngezindlela zababhali zokunikeza ubuntu kuzo zonke izakhi (zemvelo noma cha) zemvelo yabo.

Ezweni lobuciko namahlaya

Indaba yobuciko

Ekuqaleni kwale ngqikithi, uTorregrosa uthi: “Ayikho into noma iqiniso okungeke kube yisihloko senkondlo. Konke kuncike ekuhlakanipheni noma ekhonweni kwembongi ukuguqula okuthile kwansuku zonke noma okungcolile kube yinto yezinkondlo, njengoba kwenza uPedro Salinas ku '35 spark plugs '". Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, ubunzima bokwakheka sekuvele kuyindaba yekhono.

Ngalesi sizathu, umhleli uthatha njengesithenjwa uLope de Vega no "Soneto wakhe ngokuzumayo" ukuchaza ubunzima bokuqamba ngale ndlela "yenkondlo yevesi". Ngokwengeziwe, iTorregrosa incoma amandla okusungula kaRamón Gómez de la Serna ku Gregueries. Ngenxa yekhono lakhe elingavamile lokusungula ubudlelwano obumangalisayo phakathi kwezinhlangano - ngokusobala - ezingafani.

Izinganekwane

Okulandelayo, iTorregrosa iqondisa abafundi ngemisebenzi eyenzelwe ukubona izici zentsomi yendabuko. Ngokunjalo, izinkondlo zithathwa njengereferensi Imvukuzane nezinye izilwane nguTomás de Iriarte futhi Thanda ukuhlekwa usulu kaBaltazar de Alcázar. Ngoba zimelela izibonelo ezinhle kakhulu zemibhalo yangaleso sikhathi kanye nokunemba okudingekayo uma kuzobhalwa i-epigram, ngokulandelana.

Endleleni yamaphupho nemfihlakalo

Ngengqikithi yokugcina yesifaniso sakhe sezinkondlo, uJuan Ramón Torregrosa uthembele kubaphathi abakhulu bezinkondlo zaseSpain zekhulu lama-XNUMX. Lolu hambo oluhle lokujula nokulangazelela kwengqondo yomuntu luvela esandleni se:

• U-Antonio Machado, «Wayeyingane eyaphupha futhi Ngobusuku bokugcina lapho ilele».
• UFederico García Lorca, «Ukuthandana kwenyanga, inyanga».
• UJuan Ramón Jiménez, «I-Nostalgia».