UNicanor Parra, i-antipoet.
UNicanor Segundo Parra Sandoval (1914-2018) Wayengusosayensi, isazi sezibalo kanye nembongi yobuzwe baseChile, kubhekwe omunye wababhali othonye kakhulu izincwadi ngeSpanishi, futhi ngokusho kochwepheshe: the best esifundeni esentshonalanga.
Uqokwe kaninginingi kuNobel Prize in Literature, akazange awuthole. Noma kunjalo unikezwe iNational Literature kanye neCervantes. Umbhali wayenobudlelwano obuhle noMichelle Bachelet, owayengumongameli waseChile, owamvakashela kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe.
I-Biography
Ukuzalwa nomndeni
UNicanor Parra wazalwa ngoSepthemba 5, 1914 eSan Fabián de Alico, eChile. Uvela emndenini onezinsizakusebenza ezimbalwa zezomnotho. Ubaba wakhe kwakungu: Nicanor Parra Alarcón, umculi we-bohemian nothisha; neyakhe Umama: URosa Clara Sandoval, umthungi wezingubo othanda umculo wesintu ezweni lakhe.
Izingane eziyisishiyagalombili zazalwa kuleyo nyunyana, uNicanor wayengowokuqala. Kodwa-ke, wayenodadewabo bakamama ababili, abavela emshadweni odlule. Ikhaya labo laliyindawo yokufundisa kukababa, bathutha ngesikhathi sobushiqela bukaCarlos Ibáñez, njengoba u-Alarcón kwakumele asebenzele uhulumeni emadolobheni amaningana.
Intsha nezifundo
UNicanor wafunda i-baccalaureate yakhe eLiceo de Hombres eChillán, indawo lapho umndeni wagcina uzinze khona. Waqala ukubhala izinkondlo, lokhu kungenxa yethonya alithola ezincwadini eziningi ayekwazi ukufinyelela kuzo: imisebenzi yezinkondlo zesimanje, izingoma ezidumile kanye ne-anthology anikezwe yona nguprofesa.
Nguye kuphela emndenini wakhe owangena emfundweni ephakeme. Wanikezwa umfundaze wokuqedela i-baccalaureate yakhe lapho ethuthela eSantiago, kwathi ngo-1933 waqala ukwenza izifundo zezibalo nefiziksi e-University of Chile. Ngesikhathi efunda eyunivesithi washicilela I-Anthology Entsha Yezinkondlo ZaseChile; waphumelela ngo-1937.
Ukuqala kwemibhalo
Ngonyaka weziqu zakhe ushicilele iqoqo lokuqala lezinkondlo, Incwadi yamaculo engenagama, futhi wanquma ukubuyela eChillán ayokwenza lo msebenzi. Umsebenzi oshicilelwe wathola uMklomelo Wezinkondlo kaMasipala waseSantiago. Ngo-1939, ngemuva kokuzamazama komhlaba, wabuyela enhlokodolobha kwathi ngo-1943 wathola umfundaze wokuyofunda e-United States.
Ngo-1949 wawina omunye umfundaze, kulokhu e-Oxford. Ngalesi sikhathi, uParra wafunda okuningi ngezincwadi zaseYurophu. Washada no-Inga Palmen baya eChile, ngo-1955 washicilela Izinkondlo nama-antipoems, ingxube yesiko lakhe kanye neYurophu, ngalo msebenzi waziwa emhlabeni wonke.
Ukuqashelwa kwamanye amazwe
I-Antipoetry, ngokungafani nendabuko, kwakuyisici esadonsa umphakathi wokufunda. Eminyakeni engamashumi ayisithupha, uParra washicilela izinkondlo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi Izingoma IsiRashiya. Ngo-1967 uJorge Elliott wahumusha umkhiqizo owawunika ukuqhuma okukhulu; isihloko sayo ngesiNgisi sasithi Izinkondlo nama-antipoems.
UNicanor Parra esemdala.
Parra ngesikhathi seMpi Yomshoshaphansi
Le mbongi ibimenywe kwiNational Poetry Festival yaseMelika. Lokho kuvakasha kwanika i-White House ithuba, ngenkohliso, yokuguqula iCuba imelane nombhali, imthwebule noPat Nixon. Le nkinga yangcolisa igama likaParra.
Ngemuva kokuphela kwempi, washicilela I-Ecopoems Njengombhikisho omelene nala mazwe womabili, vele, bekungeyona ingozi, ngoba bekungasekelwe kunoma imuphi umbono. Kuwo wonke ama-XNUMXs wema eqinile ngokunganeliseki kwakhe ngongxiwankulu kanye nobusoshiyali.
Ukuqokwa kukaNobel
Lapho ubushiqela ezweni lakhe buphela, umbhali waphinde wathola ukuqashelwa. Ngesikhathi sama-1990s ukuqokwa kwakhe kathathu kweNobel Prize in Literature kwenzeka, okokuqala ngo-1995, kwathi ngo-1997 kwagcina ngo-2000. Ngeshwa akakwazanga ukuyithola futhi engezwe ohlwini lwe ababhali abangazange bawine iNobel.
Ikhulu leminyaka nokufa
Ngo-2014, uNicanor Parra wagubha iminyaka engu-100 yokuzalwaNgaleyo nyanga kwakwenziwa imisebenzi yokumhlonipha, kodwa-ke imbongi ayizange ibe khona. UMichelle Bachelet nguyena kuphela umuntu ayemamukela endlini yakhe, ngoba wayejwayele ukwamukela izivakashi. Selokhu athola uJuan Rulfo, uParra uthe usephinde wazithola nalezi zincwadi, hhayi izincwadi zikaRulfo ziphakathi imisebenzi emihle yaseMexico nezwe.
UNicanor Parra ushone ekhaya lakhe eSantiago de Chile eneminyaka engu-103, ngoJanuwari 23, 2018; Ukulila kuzwelonke kwanqunywa izinsuku ezimbili ukuhlonipha inkumbulo yakhe. Ngosuku olulandelayo ngemuva kokushona kwakhe, wangcwatshwa lapho ayehlala khona, ngesikhathi somcimbi womndeni owawuhanjelwe ngumongameli wangaphambilini.
UJuan Rulfo, umbhali wethonya elikhulu emsebenzini kaNicanor Parra.
Ukwakhiwa
- Ingoma ngaphandle kweculo (1937).
- Amavesi egumbi lokuhlala (1962).
- Izintshumayelo nezintshumayelo zikaKristu wase-Elqui (1977).
- Inkondlo nama-antipoems ka-Eduardo Frei (1982).
- I-Ecopoems (1982).
- Amavesi kaKhisimusi (antivillancico) (1983).
- Izinkulumo zangemva kwesidlo sakusihlwa (2006).