Arthur Conan Doyle

USir Arthur Conan Doyle (1859 - 1930) wayengumbhali waseScotland owangena emlandweni njengomsunguli womcwaningi odumile uSherlock Holmes. Kodwa-ke, kufushane kakhulu ukuchaza lo mqondo ovelele ngaphandle kokubheka ezinye izindawo ngaphandle komlingisi wakhe. Yebo, umbhali waseBrithani naye wayenomsebenzi ovelele wobuntatheli futhi wayengumuntu ohlonishwa kakhulu emphakathini.

Konke okunye ukudalwa kwakhe kwemibhalo kukhulu kakhulu, kuhlanganisa izihloko ezingaphezu kwamashumi ayisithupha. Kubandakanya, Impi enkulu yeBhunu (1900) futhi Umhlaba Olahlekile (1912) mhlawumbe yaziwa kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, UDoyle ukhiqize amanoveli amaningi omlando, othando, kanye namanoveli. isayensi yeqinisokanye nezindaba zamahlaya, imidlalo, izincwadi zezinkondlo, ama-eseyi kanye nomlando wokuphila kwakhe.

I-Biography

Ubuntwana

Wabhapathizwa ngegama lika-Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle, wazalwa ngoMeyi 22, 1859, e-Edinburgh, eScotland, e-United Kingdom. Ukhulele emndenini ocebile wase-Ireland wamaKhatholika, obambelele kakhulu futhi enedumela elihle emhlabeni wobuciko waseGreat Britain. Unina, uMary Foley, wayazi ukuthi angahlanganisa kanjani (futhi adlulisele ezinganeni zakhe) uthando lwakhe lwezincwadi nezibopho zekhaya.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uCharles, uyise wayengumqambi wamapulani oncomekayo (kuboniswe ikhava ye- Funda nge-Scarlet, incwadi yokuqala edlala uHolmes). Kodwa-ke wayengumlutha wotshwalaNgakho-ke, uhlale ezikhungweni zezempilo izikhathi eziningana. Ngokunjalo, ukugula kukayise kwenza ukuthi omalume banakekele usana u-Arthur lapho eneminyaka eyi-9.

Ubusha kanye nezifundo

Kusukela ngo-1968, intsha UDoyle wafunda eStonyhurst Saint Mary's Hall Jesuit College (isikole sokulungiselela ukubhoda), esiseLancashire, INgilandi. Lapho wachaza ukulandisa kwakhe kokuqala. Ngo-1870 wayiswa esikhungweni esikhulu - iStonyhurst College - kwaze kwaba ngo-1875 waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe e-Jesuit Stella Matutina School eFeldkirch, e-Austria.

Ngemuva konyaka wangena eNyuvesi yase-Edinburgh ukuyofundela ubudokotela. Lesi sinqumo samangaza zonke izihlobo zakhe (babekholelwa ukuthi uzofunda ubuciko). Kanye nemfundo yakhe ephakeme, uDoyle wayemele indlu yakhe yezifundo kwezemidlalo eyahlukahlukene (umbhoxo, igalofu nesibhakela). Yini enye, washicilela indaba yakhe yokuqala emfushane Imfihlakalo yeSasassa Valley (1879) ku  Ijenali kaChambers Edinburgh.

Ukuwela

Ngo-1880, u-Arthur Doyle waqedela ukuqeqeshelwa ukuba udokotela ohlinzayo e-Arctic egibele umkhumbi. Ngonyaka olandelayo waphothula izifundo zakhe zobudokotela kwathi ngo-1885 waphothula izifundo zakhe zobudokotela. Okwamanje, wayenesikhathi sokuthatha uhambo olunqamula ogwini olusentshonalanga ye-Afrika ngo-1882 futhi waqala ukubhala izincwadi zakhe zokuqala. Eminingi yaleyo mibhalo yayikhuthazwe uhambo lwakhe lwasolwandle.

Ngokunjalo, e-University of Edinburgh naseqenjini layo lekhilikithi wahlangana nababhali bakusasa besimo sikaJames Barrie noRobert L. Stevenson. Ngaleso sikhathi, uDoyle waqala indlela yakhe yokomoya eyalimaza ubuKatolika. Eqinisweni, eminyakeni ethile kamuva washicilela izindatshana eziningana ezihlobene nalesi samanje "senkolo yengqondo".

Kusuka kwezokwelapha kuye ezincwadini

UDoyle wamisa amahhovisi ezokwelapha amabili, okokuqala ePortsmouth kwathi kamuva eLondon. Kuzona zozimbili lezi zimo, akazange akhiqize imali edingekayo yokwenza umsebenzi wakhe uzinze. Kodwa-ke, lesi simo simshiye nesikhathi esiningi sokubhala. Ngale ndlela, okushicilelwe kwemibhalo emifushane kuvele njengo Indaba kaJ. Habakuk Jephson (1884) noma Imfihlakalo yeCloomber (1889).

Ungathenga incwadi lapha: USherlock Holmes, Study in Scarlet

Ngokufanayo, con Isifundo eScarlet (1887) umbhali waseBrithani waqala uchungechunge lwabaseshi abadume kunabo bonke: Sherlock Holmes. Ngaphandle kwenkazimulo etholwe ngenxa yomlingiswa oyisithonjana ohambisana nomsizi wakhe othembekile, uDkt Watson, uDoyle weza wamzonda lo protagonist. Umbhali waseScotland waze "wabulala" uHolmes endabeni eyimpikiswano enesihloko esithi Inkinga yokugcina.

Imishado

Kwakungunyaka we-1885 lapho u-Arthur Doyle eshada noLouisa Hawkins, umama wezingane zakhe zokuqala ezimbili. Ngo-1883 kwatholakala ukuthi unesifo sofuba, okuyisimo esadala ukuthi abulawe ezandleni zikaDoyle eminyakeni engu-13 kamuva. Ngo-1907, umbhali wase-Edinburgh washada noJean Leckie, isangoma esasithandana naye iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi. Lo mbhangqwana wawunezinye izingane ezintathu.

El mnumzane

Ngo-1900, uDoyle washicilela Impi Enkulu Yamabhunu. Kuyimanifesto evumela ukubamba iqhaza kombuso waseBrithani empini yegama elifanayo eyenzeka eningizimu ne-Afrika. Lo mbhalo wanconywa yizicukuthwane zase-United Kingdom. Kuze kube seqophelweni lokuthi Ugcine ekhonjwe ku-Order of the British Empire. Kusukela lapho, waphathwa njengo "mnumzane."

Ukusebenzelana nemimoya

Umbhali waseScotland ushicilele imisebenzi eminingi ebhaliwe ephathelene nokholo lwakhe futhi waba yisishoshovu esivuthayo phakathi neminyaka yakhe yokugcina yokuphila. Kakhulu waze wagcina ethukuthele nomngani wakhe uHarry Houdini futhi wasekela izimbangela eziphikisanayo (njengobufakazi balabo ababandakanyeka ecaleni labaphehli baseCottingley, isibonelo).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-1929 uDoyle wayishaya indiva incwadi yokuphumisela u-Angina Pectoris futhi wanquma ukuya ohambweni lwezinkulumo zokomoya eNetherlands.. Lapho ebuyela ekhaya eCrowborough, eNgilandi, wayelele embhedeni ngenxa yezinhlungu zesifuba. Ngesikhathi evuka okokugcina ngoJulayi 7, 1930, washayiswa engadini yakhe.

Indawo yokwakha

Ngaphezu kwezindaba ezingaphezu kwamashumi ayisithupha ezisatshalaliswa kumanoveli amane nezindaba eziningi ezihambisana noHolmes noDkt John Watson UDoyle ungumbhali wezincwadi eziningi, zombili ezingamanga nezingezona eziqanjiwe. Yize ukudlula kwakhe esikoleni sezokwelapha e-University of Edinburgh e-1876 kwakuthatha isinqumo ngomsebenzi wakhe. Ngoba lapho waba ngumfundi kaJoseph Bell.

Ukwakha uhlamvu lukaSherlock Holmes

UDkt Bell wahlaba umxhwele uDoyle osemncane ngobunono bezinqubo zakhe zokudonsa. Okuthi - kuhlanganiswe ukuncoma umlingiswa ka-Edgar Allan Poe woMseshi uDupin - kwakha ukucabanga komphenyi wakhe wesayensi. Ngisho nokuthunjwa njengendlela yokuthola iqiniso ngobugebengu sekufundwe ngokusemthethweni kusukela maphakathi nekhulu lama-XNUMX.

Phakathi kwezifundiswa ezinemibhalo yakamuva ngalolu daba, uK. Clemens Franken (2015) uqokomisa ubunjalo be-neuralgic yedatha ebonwayo. Ngaleso sikhathi, umbono osuselwa ekuphikisaneni okunengqondo kuyisihluthulelo sokuxazulula noma iyiphi impicabadala. Ngakho-ke, zonke izinhlobo zempendulo engaqinisekiswanga ngokwesayensi, ezisuselwa ezinkolelweni ze-esoteric, izinkolelo-ze noma izinkolelo ezingahleliwe, ziyakhishwa.

Izincwadi zikaSherlock Holmes

• Funda nge-Scarlet (1887). Inoveli.
• Isibonakaliso sabane (1890). Inoveli.
• I-Adventures kaSherlock Holmes (1891-92).
• Izikhumbuzo zikaSherlock Holmes (1892-93).
• I-hound yebaskerville (1901-02). Inoveli
• Ukubuya kukaSherlock Holmes (1903-04).
• Umnsalo wakhe wokugcina (1908-17).
• Isigodi sokwesaba (1914-15).
• Ingobo yomlando kaSherlock Holmes (1924-26).

Eminye imisebenzi edumile kaSir Arthur Conan Doyle

Kudlala uProf. Challenger

Ungathenga incwadi lapha:

Umhlaba Olahlekile

• Umhlaba Olahlekile (1912).
• Indawo enobuthi (1913).
• Ngenkathi uMhlaba ememeza (1928).
• Umshini Ohlukanisayo (1929).
• Izwe lenkungu (1926).
• Umgodi WaseMaracot (1929).

Amanoveli omlando

• UMikha clarke (1888)
• Inkampani yabelungu (1891).
• Isithunzi esikhulu (1892).
• URodney itshe (1896).
• Umalume uBernac (1897).
• Izifundo zemvelo (1901).
• Mnumzane Nigel (1906).
• Ukuxhashazwa kukaBrigadier Gerard (1896).
• I-Adventures kaBrigadier Gerard (1903).
• Umshado KaBrigadier (1910).

Ezinye zezindaba zakhe ezaziwa kakhulu, ama-eseyi nama-manifesto

• UCaptain wePolestar nezinye izindaba (1890).
• Isilingo esikhulu seKeinplatz (1890).
• Izenzo zikaRaffles Haw (1891).
• UJane Annie noma Umklomelo Wokuziphatha Okuhle (1893)
• Umngani Wami Umbulali Nezinye Izimfihlakalo Nokuzidela (1893).
• Zungezisa iLambu Elibomvu (1894). I-athikili ngezindlela zokwelashwa.
• Izincwadi ZaseStark Munro (1895).
• Izingoma Zesenzo (1898).
• Usizi LweKorosko (1898).
• Ukuya eDuet (1899).
• Impi Enkulu Yamabhunu (1900).
• Ngeveli (1907).
• Zungezisa Izindaba Zomlilo (1908).
• Ubugebengu BaseCongo (1909).
• Igalari elahlekile (1911).
• Ukwesaba ezindaweni eziphakemeyo (1913).
• Umkhankaso waseBrithani eFrance naseFlanders: 1914 (1916).
• Isambulo Esisha (1918).
• Imfihlakalo yamafairies (1921).
• Izinganekwane ezethusayo nemfihlakalo (1923).
• Izinkumbulo nokuzidela (1924).
• I-Black Doctor namanye amaTales of Terror and Mystery (1925)
• Izenzo Zokaputeni uSharkey (1925).
• Indoda ka-Arkángel (1925).
• Umlando Wezomoya (1926).