I-alchemist

I-alchemist kwakuyincwadi yesibili eyashicilelwa ngumlobi waseBrazil uPaul Coelho. Yize uhlelo lwayo lokuqala ngo-1988 lungazange lube nempumelelo enkulu kwezentengiselwano, namuhla sekuyi-a okuhamba phambili umhlaba. Umthelela walesi sihloko ohunyushelwe ezilimini ezingama-56 awunakulinganiswa. Imidiya efana UJornal de Letras de Portugal cabanga I-alchemist njengencwadi ekhuluma isiPutukezi ethengiswa kakhulu kunazo zonke.

Lo mbhalo ulandisa ngohambo lukaSantiago, umalusi osemncane eyofuna ingcebo kumaphiramidi aseGibhithe. Ohambweni lwakhe olunqamula ogwadule, ufunda imiqondo eyisisekelo yokuba khona kwakhe ngenxa yokuhlangana ngokulandelana nabalingiswa abahlukahlukene abayindida. Phakathi kwabo, izimfundiso ze-alchemist ziyisihluthulelo, ngubani - ngemuva kokuveza wonke amandla akhe - azoguqula impilo yomuntu ophikisayo kuze kube phakade.

Mayelana nomlobi, uPaulo Coelho

Ukuzalwa nomndeni

Indodana yomndeni ocebile ophakathi nendawo, uPaulo Coelho wazalelwa eBrazil e1947. Uyise, uPedro, wayengunjiniyela; unina, uLygia, umama wekhaya. Kusukela eneminyaka eyisikhombisa wathola ukuqeqeshwa kwamaJesuit eColegio San Ignacio eRio de Janeiro. Kodwa-ke, umkhuba ophoqelelwe wenkolo uveza umphumela wokwenqatshwa kwezixuku kumuntu osemusha. Kodwa akusikho konke okwakungahambi kahle, ngoba emaphaseji aleso sikhungo kwavela ubizo lwakhe lokufunda.

Isikhathi sokuboshwa kwengqondo

Isimo sikaPaulo sokuhlubuka sabonakala ebusheni bakhe, lapho ephikisana nenhloso yabazali bakhe yokumenza unjiniyela. Ubaba wakhe uthathe lokhu kuziphatha njengophawu lokugula futhi wanquma ukwamukela indodana yakhe (amahlandla amabili) esikhungweni sempilo yengqondo. Isikhathi esithile ngemuva kwalokho, uCoelho osemncane waqala ukuzihlanganisa neqembu lezeshashalazi futhi wenza umsebenzi wobuntatheli.

Ngemuva kokuhlangenwe nakho kwesithathu esibhedlela sabagula ngengqondo - nangeseluleko sikadokotela womndeni - UPaulo uthatha isinqumo sokufundela ezomthetho ukuze impilo yakhe ibuyele esimeni. Okuhlangenwe nakho okuningi okumnyama nemizwa ecindezelayo yangaleso sikhathi yathathwa ngumlobi ku UVeronika Unquma Ukufa (1998).

Ukunyakaza kwamaHippie nomculo phakathi kobushiqela

UCoelho akazange aqede ukuqeqeshwa kwakhe eyunivesithi, kunalokho, wazicwilisa ngokuphelele esigcawini sama-hippie seminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha. Lezo kwakuyizikhathi zokulinga ngezinto ze-psychotropic nokwakhiwa komculo noRaúl Seixas. Kuze kube ngo-1976, uPaulo waqamba izingoma ezingaphezu kwamashumi ayisithupha kuma-albhamu ahlukene ezeqa amakhophi angama-600.000 athengiswe esewonke.

Ngo-1973, uCoelho noSeixas bajoyina inhlangano elwa nobunxiwankulu eyayicabanga ngokukhululeka, uSociedad Alternativa, nabo ababenza imilingo. Le masiko azosebenza njengesisekelo sesakhiwo se- AmaValkyries (1992). Ngalesi sikhathi, uPaulo osemusha waboshelwa ukuba "yinhloko ecabangayo" yamahlaya e-libertarian I-Kring-ha. Umbuso wamasosha wobushiqela wangaleso sikhathi wawukubheka njengosongo olukhulu.

sokuhlushwa

Ngemuva nje kwezinsuku ezimbili ededelwe, UCoelho wathunjwa phakathi nomgwaqo wayiswa esikhungweni samasosha. Lapho, wahlukunyezwa izinsuku eziningana. Abathumbi bakhe bamyeka nje ngoba umbhali uzenza uhlanya. Ukulaliswa kwakhe kathathu phambilini ezibhedlela zabagula ngengqondo kusebenze njengobufakazi. Ngokwe-biography ka-2004 (uRuiza, M., Fernández, T. noTamaro, E.), ngemuva kokukhululwa, uPaulo oneminyaka engama-26 "wayesenele" futhi wanquma "ukuba nokuphila okujwayelekile."

Imishado nezincwadi zokuqala

Enkampanini yokuqopha iPolygram - lapho asebenze khona unyaka wonke - wahlangana nonkosikazi wakhe wokuqala (Wayeshade naye iminyaka engaphezudlwana kwemibili). Kusukela ngo-1979, waqala ukuhambela izindawo ezahlukahlukene zase-Europe nomngani wakhe wakudala, uChristina Oiticica. Obeshade nobani kamuva futhi uhlala ngokubambisana kuze kube namuhla.

Ngenxa yokuhlangana nomlingiswa othile e-Amsterdam (ogama lakhe uCoelho angakaze afune ukuveza), umbhali waseBrazil uqala ukubuyisana nobuKatolika. Njengengxenye yalokhu kuzalwa kabusha ngokomoya, uPaulo uhambe eCamino de Santiago noChristina. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwamkhuthaza ukuthi akhiphe incwadi yakhe yokuqala ngo-1987, Umhambi weCompostela (iDayari yomlingo), ngezinombolo zokuthengisa ezinesizotha.

I-alchemist (1988)

Ngokusho kombhali uqobo, kumthathe izinsuku eziyishumi nanhlanu kuphela ukubhala I-alchemist. Yize uhlelo lokuqala luthengise amakhophi angama-900 kuphela, ukugcizelela kombhali waseBrazil kwaba nezithelo… Phakathi kuka-1990 no-1998 lo msebenzi wanezela ukwedlula okungaphezulu kwama-50, wedlula amakhophi ayizigidi eziyishumi asefikile. I-ejensi yemibhalo uSant Jordi uchaza ku-biography kaCoelho ukuthi kanjani I-alchemist imele inguquko emsebenzini wakhe:

“NgoMeyi 1993, uHarperCollins washicilela inguqulo enamakhophi ayi-50.000 XNUMX yokuvelela I-Alchemist, emele uhlelo lokuqala olukhulu lwencwadi yokuqala yaseBrazil e-United States. Umphathi we-Publisher uJohn Loudon wethula le ncwadi ethi: Kwakungathi uvuka entathakusa ubuke ilanga liphuma kanti umhlaba wonke usalele. Linda wonke umuntu avuke futhi abone nalokhu".

Amazwe lapho I-alchemist kudlule uhlu oluthengisa kakhulu nokuhlonishwa okuphezulu

• Australia, Septhemba 1989.
• IBrazil, 1990. Iba yincwadi ethengiswa kakhulu kunazo zonke emlandweni wesizwe saseRio de Janeiro.
• IFrance, eyethulwa ngo-Ephreli 1994, yafinyelela phezulu ngoDisemba walowo nyaka (yahlala iminyaka emihlanu ilandelana). NgoMashi 1998 lo magazini funda wamqamba njengombhali othengisa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke.
• Spain, Meyi 1995. Abahleli be-Guild Award kusuka ku-Editorial Planeta (2001).
• IPortugal, 1995. Ngo-2002, i-Editorial Pergamino yamemezela njengombhali othengisa kakhulu ngolimi lwesiPutukezi. Ngokushesha ngemuva kwalokho, Ijenali Yezincwadi kumnika umehluko ofanayo.
• Italy, 1995. ISuper Grinzane Cavour neFlaiano International Awards.
• Germany, 1996. Ngo-2002, laphula irekhodi eliphelele lokuba ngunomphela njengenombolo 1 yohlu oluqinile lwe- Isibuko (Amasonto angama-306).
• U-Israyeli, ngo-1999.
• I-Iran, 2000 (ngokungekho emthethweni ngoba isizwe samaSulumane asikaze sisayine i- Isivumelwano Samalungelo Obunikazi Samazwe Ngamazwe). Ngawo lowo nyaka, waba ngumbhali wokuqala ongewona owamaSulumane ukuvakashela ngokusemthethweni lelo lizwe kusukela ngo-1979.

Ukulandelana kwezinhlamvu kusuka ku- I-alchemist

Umlingiswa oyinhloko uSantiago, umalusi onomqondo ophilayo wase-Andalusi efuna inganekwane yakhe ethile. Ngemuva kwalokho kuvela i-gypsy ebukeka isabisa, kepha kuvela ukuthi iyisihluthulelo sokuhumusha umbono we-protagonist. Ngokulandelayo, uMelquisedec (iNkosi yaseSalem), umthengisi, uFatima (uSantiago athandana naye) kanye nosokhemikhali onamandla onenkemba yakhe eqeqeshiwe yokuzingela.

Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Alchemist

Ukuxabana

USantiago, umelusi wezimvu onethezeke kakhulu ngempilo yakhe yokuzulazula, uqala uhambo oluya endaweni engaziwa ayofuna umcebo. Okuvezwe kuye kuphela lapho evula izimfihlakalo ezikwazi ukuphakamisa umzimba wakhe, ingqondo nomphefumulo. Ukuthola lezi zimpawu eziyimfihlakalo, umlingiswa ophambili kwakudingeka adedele konke ukuzazisa, ahlakulele umoya wakhe futhi ashiye noma yikuphi ukusikisela okuyize. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho ayengalalela khona indawo yonke.

Imiqondo

Ukuhlakanipha kulele ngendlela elula

Lapho uSantiago ebuza umGypsy ukuthi ahumushe iphupho lakhe eliphindaphindayo ngomfana omkhombisa umcebo emibhoshongweni yaseGibhithe, uyadumala ngale ncazelo. Ngalesi sizathu, i-gypsy iyachaza: "izinto ezilula empilweni yizona ezingavamile kakhulu futhi ngabahlakaniphile kuphela abazibonayo."

Amandla angenakugwenywa okholo

I-protagonist iphakamisa ngeze ukukhohlwa umbono wayo (kanye nekholi yesiphetho sayo). Kepha indoda endala egqoke izingubo zama-Arabhu - uMelkisedeki - imkhumbuza ngokungaphumeleli kokudalelwa. Indoda endala iyamtshela: "ngesinye isikhathi ezimpilweni zethu, siyehluleka ukulawula okwenzekayo kithina futhi izimpilo zethu zilawulwa ukholo."

Umkhathi nomphefumulo wawo

USantiago udabukile phakathi kwempilo yakhe ejwayelekile nokuzijabulisa okugcwele ukungaqiniseki. UMelkisedeki umnxusa ukuba aqhubeke nokufuna kwakhe; Uma izinto zingasebenzi, ungabuyela ekubeni ngumfundisi. Ikhehla kuvela ukuthi yiNkosi yaseSalema. Lapho eseveze ubunikazi bakhe bangempela, unikeza uSantiago idwala elincane elimnyama nelimhlophe ngenhloso yokumsiza ngamabika. Yize egcizelela ukubaluleka kokuthi "uzithathele izinqumo"

Kuwo wonke umcabango, isinqumo

Uma ese-Afrika, uSantiago ukhohliswa ngumhwebi, oweba imali yakhe. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-protagonist kumele ikhethe ukuthi yisiphi isimo okufanele sibhekane nalesi simo. Lokho wukuthi, uma uzibona uyisisulu noma umkhwabanisi. Kodwa-ke, unquma inketho engcono: ukucabanga ukuthi ungumuntu othanda ukufuna ingcebo.

Iphupho alinakulinganiswa

Ngemuva konyaka esebenza njenge-cleaner yefasitela le-mercenary, uSantiago uqoqa imali eyanele yokubuyela empilweni yakhe yakudala njengomalusi. Kepha umqashi uyazi ukuthi yisiphi isinqumo esizothathwa yile nsizwa, ngoba “kubhaliwe” (ngesandla sika-Allah). USantiago ngeke athenge izimvu, uzoqhubeka nokufuna iphupho lakhe ngoba izimpawu zomhlaba zicacile.

Imfundiso yasogwadule

USantiago uthandana noFatima, owesifazane osemusha ohambahamba owawunqamula iSahara. Lo muzwa uyaphindisela, kepha uyamnxusa ukuthi aqhubeke nokufuna iphupho lakhe futhi athembise ukumlinda e-oasis. Ngesikhathi sokudabuka ngokwehlukana okokugcina, uSantiago uthola umbono wamanye amaqhawe ahlasela i-oasis. Ngenxa yalowo mbono, amaCacique nesizwe sakhe bayakwazi ukuzisindisa.

Uthando aluphazamisi indlela eya enganekwaneni yomuntu siqu

USantiago uyaqonda lo mqondo ngemuva kokuhlangana nomlingiswa ogcwele amandla angaqondakali. Imayelana nosokhemisi owayemlindile futhi echaza izinhlobo ezintathu zesazi samakhemikhali. Owokuqala uzama ukukhula nokuthuthuka ndawonye nemvelo yawo ukufinyelela kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi itshe lefilosofi.

Uhlobo lwesibili lwe-alchemist luthola isipho sakhe cishe ngengozi, ngokukhubeka, lapho imiphefumulo yabo isilungele ukuthatha leyo ndima. Uhlobo lwesithathu lwe-alchemist lukhombisa ukuthanda ngokweqile igolide, ngenxa yalokho, akasoze akwazi ukuthola "imfihlo". Uthisha uhlala ebhekisa ezintweni ezilula, ngoba "konke odinga ukukwazi ukufundile endleleni yakho."

Yiba njengesiphepho

Lapho umkhankaso wezempi uthumba uSantiago kanye nosokhemisi, lo wesibili uthi ungumqondisi nje kuphela futhi ubikezela ukuguqulwa kwesigceme sakhe kube isiphepho zingakapheli izinsuku ezintathu. Okokuqala, uSantiago uyangabaza; ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uyakwazi ukukhuluma nezinto zomkhathi, ecela umhlangano nesithandwa sakhe. Ekugcineni, ukuhlangana kwesihlabathi, umoya, isibhakabhaka nendawo yonke kuguqula iSantiago isiphepho.

Ingcebo

Isazi samakhemikhali sifundisa uSantiago ukuthi aguqule umthofu ube yigolide. Lapho le nsizwa ifika emibhoshongweni waseGibhithe, ibona isikhafu sizingcwaba kuyo

ukwenza isihlabathi futhi sikuhumushe njengophawu oluvela endaweni yonke. Uqala ukumba umcebo kuze kube yilapho ehlaselwa yiqembu lamadoda empi ababaleki. Bathatha lonke igolide eSantiago bese behleka belandisa iphupho lakhe.

Kepha umholi wababaleki umtshela iphupho lakhe. Embonweni womholi kwakukhona umcebo ofihlwe ngaphansi kwezimpande zesihlahla somthombe eduze kwamanxiwa, i-sacristy evame ukuhanjwa ngabelusi bezimvu. Ngalesi sizathu, lowo owayengumelusi ubuyela endaweni lapho kwaqala khona konke (eminyakeni emibili eyedlule) eSpain. Lapho uthola isifuba esinezinhlamvu zemali zegolide. Ekugcineni, umoya umlethela amakha ajwayelekile… USantiago usevele ubheke ngakuye othandekayo wakhe.