Ukukhumbula uHerman Melville. 20 imishwana emikhulu yemisebenzi yakhe

Herman Melville hlangana namuhla 199 iminyaka. Futhi i-bicentennial yayo ngonyaka ozayo ithembisa ukuba ngumgubho omkhulu. Lo mbhali waseMelika, othathwa njengomunye wabakhulu bezincwadi zomhlaba, ngokungangabazeki ireferensi eyisisekelo yenoveli ye-adventure, ikakhulukazi lezo ezakhiwe kufayela le- um, nengxenye yengqondo eqinile futhi enamandla.

Namuhla ngiletha Imishwana ye-20 kukhethwe emisebenzini yakhe evelele kakhulu. Okwethu othanda izincwadi zezinhlobo zonke nakho konke okunuka kamnandi ulwandle, imikhumbi nama-epics amakhulu, umbhali womkhomo omhlophe ongafi uMoby Dick kufanele abe nakho.

Ngubani uHerman Melville

Ngokuphila okujule njengamanoveli akhe, uMelville wazalelwa eNew York futhi wayengowesithathu ezinganeni eziyisishiyagalombili. Ngesikhathi kushona uyise, u-Allan Melville, umndeni ubusenkingeni enkulu yezezimali. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1837 wawela ulwandle waya Liverpool lapho ayesebenza khona. Ekubuyeni kwakhe wakhonza njenge uthisha kwathi ngo-1841, eneminyaka engama-22, waya e- Izilwandle zaseningizimu ungene ku ukushaywa komkhomo.

Ngemuva konyaka nengxenye yokuwela, washiya umkhumbi ku Iziqhingi zaseMarquesas futhi wahlala inyanga phakathi kwamazimuzimu, aphunyula kuwo emkhunjini womthengisi wase-Australia ukuze ehle kuwo ITahiti, lapho ahlala khona isikhathi esithile ejele. Ubuye wasebenza njengomlimi, wahambela Honolulu futhi ukusuka lapho, wagcina ebhalise kwi-US Navy frigate.

e 1844 wayeka ukuphequlula futhi wazinikela ekubhaleni amanoveli ngokugcwele futhi imvamisa isuselwa kweyakhe nakho olwandle. Kwakuyiziqu ezifana Typee, Mardi noma Redburn, phakathi kwabanye. Noma njengoba UBilly Budd, itilosi, umsebenzi wokugcina owashicilelwa ngenkathi iMelville icishe yawela ekukhohlweni. Ezinye iziqu zazikhona itshe, ukwehluleka okukhulu, futhi Izinganekwane ezisuka ekubukeni, equkethe i-akhawunti ye- Bartleby umabhalane.

Inoveli yakhe eyayidume kakhulu kwakungu- Moby Dick, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1850, kodwa yenqatshwa ekuqaleni. Ngemuva kwalokho kwaba ngomunye wemisebenzi emikhulu yemibhalo yonke, yesithombe nesingathekiso somhlaba nemvelo yomuntu esikebheni, I-Pequod, wabanjwa ngomunye wabalingiswa abakhulu kunabo bonke abake badalwa, uCaptain Ahabi. Wanikela ngakho UNathaniel Hawthorne, umbhali naye owamthonya kakhulu futhi wazwana nobungane naye ngo-1850.

20 imishwana yemisebenzi yakhe

Uhlobo (1846)

1. Umkhumbi ompofu! Ukubukeka kwakho kuveza izifiso zakho; Kulesi simo esidabukisayo!
2. Izintaba nengaphakathi likhona kuphela izindawo ezihlukanisiwe nezithule ezingabukwa, ezingenayo imisindo yezilwane ezidliwayo futhi ezigcwala ngamasampula ambalwa ezinto ezincane.
3. Umkhumbi wethu wawuzinikele kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemibuthano exokozelayo nokuhlanekezela. Hhayi isithiyo esincanyana esasifakwa phakathi kwezinkanuko ezingcolile zabasebenzi nenjabulo yabo engenamkhawulo.
4. Kodwa lokhu kucabanga kwakungavamile ukuhlala engqondweni yami; Ngangiye ngizilahle njengoba amahora edlula, futhi uma kwenzeka ngifikelwa imicabango engemihle, ngangivele ngiyixoshe. Ngenkathi ngibabaza indawo ebiyelwe eluhlaza engangiboshwe kuyo, ngangithambekele ekucabangeni ukuthi “ngisesigodini samaphupho” nokuthi ngale kwezintaba kwakukhona umhlaba wokukhathazeka nokukhathazeka kuphela.
5. Sifuna umkhomo sasihamba ngesikebhe cishe ngama-degree angamashumi amabili entshonalanga yeGalapago; futhi wonke umsebenzi wethu, ngemuva kokuthola inkambo yethu, bekuwukulungisa amagceke futhi sihlale siphansi: isikebhe esihle nomoya oqhubekayo ubuzokwenza konke okunye.

Moby Dick (1851)

1. Ungangibiza ngo-Ismael.
2. Ukuhlanya komuntu kuvame ukuba yinto yobuqili neyobudlova. Lapho ucabanga ukuthi ubalekile, mhlawumbe usanda kuguqulwa isimo ngendlela ethule futhi ecashile.
3. Ngokufa okuthile okunelukuluku, njengoba kuvame ukuphawulwa kubantu abenza amafilibhu edolobha abahlala bekanisa nxazonke ezinkantolo, ngokufanayo, manene, izoni zivame ukugcwala ezindaweni ezingcwele kakhulu.
4. Akukho kunoma iyiphi imephu. Izindawo zangempela azikho.
5. Umkhondo wesikhathi esizayo wesilwane ebumnyameni ucishe wamiswa engqondweni yomzingeli onobuhlakani njengogu lolwandle lomshayeli wendiza. Ngakho-ke kwakungaleli khono eliyisimangaliso lomzingeli, ukuba yisaga kokudlula kwento ebhalwe emanzini, i-wake, kunokwethenjelwa, kuzo zonke izinhloso nezinhloso, njengomhlaba owomile.

Bartleby, umabhalane (1853)

1. Mangisho ukuthi ngokwesiko labameli abaningi abanamahhovisi ezakhiweni ezinabantu abaningi, umnyango wawunokhiye abaningana.
2. Ah, injabulo ifuna ukukhanya, yingakho sahlulela ukuthi umhlaba ujabulile; kepha ubuhlungu bufihla ngesizungu, yingakho sahlulela ukuthi ubuhlungu abukho.
3. Kepha wayebonakala eyedwa, eyedwa ngokuphelele endaweni yonke. Okuthile okufana nempango maphakathi no-Atlantic Ocean.
4. Nginganikela ngezipho zomzimba wakhe; kodwa umzimba wakhe awulimalanga; umphefumulo wakhe wagula, futhi ngangingakwazi ukufinyelela umphefumulo wakhe.
5. Akuvamile ukuthi umuntu ophikiswa ngendlela engajwayelekile futhi engenangqondo ngokungazelelwe akukholwe ukukholelwa kwakhe okuyisisekelo. Uqala ukubona kancane ukuthi, yize kungabonakala njengokungajwayelekile, bonke ubulungiswa nazo zonke izizathu zikolunye uhlangothi; uma kukhona ofakazi abangakhethi, uphendukela kubo ukuze athole indlela ethile yokumqinisa.

UBilly Budd, itilosi (1924)

1. Iqiniso elikhulunywe ngokungahambisani lizohlala linamacala alo amangelengele.
2. Empeleni, wayengomunye walezo zimpisi zasolwandle okwathi ubunzima nezingozi zempilo yasolwandle, ngalezo zikhathi zezimpi ezinde, zazingakaze zonakalise umuzwa wemvelo wokuthokozela izinzwa.
3. Lo kaputeni wayengomunye walabo bantu ababalulekile abatholakala kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemisebenzi, ngisho nabathobeke kakhulu; uhlobo lomuntu wonke umuntu avuma ukumbiza ngokuthi "indoda ehloniphekile."
4. Lapho kumenyezelwa impi, ingabe thina, amasosha aphethe leyo nto, sathintwa phambilini? Silwa ngokulandela imiyalo. Uma isahlulelo sethu sigunyaza impi, kumane nje kwaqondana.
5. Ngubani uthingo ongadweba umugqa lapho kuqala khona umbala onsomi no-orange? Sibona ngokucacile umehluko ngemibala, kepha kuphi, okokuqala, lapho kuqala kudideka nowesibili? Kunjalo nangempilo yengqondo nobuhlanya.