Isithombe: ISonto LaseSan Sebastián, eMadrid. @Mariola Diaz-Cano Arevalo
KwakuseMadrid, idolobha elabona ukuzalwa futhi lafa ngosuku olufana nanamuhla 1635 kuya eLope de Vega Carpio, imbongi nomlobi wemidlalo waseSpain, enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu kwi-Golden Age yethu futhi mhlawumbe kuzo zonke izinkondlo zikazwelonke nezeshashalazi. Futhi lonke elaseMadrid laya ukuyombona ngalolo suku. Ngakho-ke ukukhumbula ngiyazikhetha lezi 5 amanethi. Noma kuhlale kunesizathu sokufunda iLope: ubukhulu.
I-Lope de Vega
Sonke sifunde noma "sabona" iLope, iPhoenix yezimila noma Monster of Nature, njengoba owayephila ngesikhathi sakhe ambiza ngokuthi othile Miguel de Cervantes, ayegcina naye umbango wodumo. Ivesi lakhe, itiyetha lakhe ... Sonke sifunde ukuthi i-sonnet yayikuphi I-sonnet ingitshela ukuthi ngenze iViolante. Futhi sonke siyazi ukuthi ikuphi Umthomboovejuna nokuthi inja yensimu izisebenzisa kanjani.
Wazalelwa eMadrid ngonyaka 1562 futhi wayeyindodana yombhangqwana wabalimi abathobekile. Akaqedanga esikoleni esiphakeme, kepha noma kunjalo, wayengumbhali kukhulu kakhulu otshala izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, njengokulandisa, inkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini kanye ne-lyric. Kusuka ku- impilo yothando ejulile, unezingane eziyi-15 phakathi kwezisemthethweni nezingekho emthethweni. Futhi wayengumngane naye UFrancisco de Quevedo noma uJuan Ruiz de Alarcón. Inkinga ekhona, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokulahlekelwa yizihlobo eziningana, yamholela ebupristini.
Umsebenzi wakhe wathonywa ngu ULuis de Gongora, sonke esazi kahle kamhlophe ukuthi wayenobutha. Kepha ithoni kaLope isondele kakhulu ulimi oluhlanganayo. Kodwa-ke, lapho okushicilelwe khona kanye ne- ukuvuselela uhlamvu kusemidlalweni yakhe. Wayefuna ukwethula izindaba ezazikhona okuyiqiniso nalapho, njengasempilweni, ukuhlangana komdlalo namahlaya.
Ukugqamisa eminye yemisebenzi yakhe: Umthomboovejuna, UPeribáñez noMkhuzi we-Ocaña, Imeya ehamba phambili, inkosi, Inkanyezi yaseSeville, Intokazi engenangqondo, Insimbi yaseMadrid, Isithandwa esiqondayo, Isijeziso ngaphandle kokuziphindisela...
Nokho, namuhla ngihlala namavesi akhe futhi ngikhetha la mannethi ama-5 (kwabangu-3 000 okushiwo kuye) akhombisa izinkondlo zakhe zothando nezenkolo.
5 amanethi
Ebusuku
Ubusuku bokwenza ubuhle,
uyahlanya, uqagela, ushimula,
ukuthi umkhombise onqoba okuhle kwakhe kuwe,
izintaba eziyisicaba nolwandle olomile;
ohlala ebuchosheni obungenalutho,
umakhenikha, isazi sefilosofi, isazi samakhemikhali,
ukufihla okubi, i-lynx engaboni,
ukwesabisa ama-echoes akho;
isithunzi, ukwesaba, ububi obubangelwa wena,
uyanakekela, uyimbongi, uyagula, uyabanda,
izandla zesibindi nezinyawo zombaleki.
Makabuke noma alale, ingxenye yempilo ingeyakho;
uma ngiyibona, ngizokukhokhela ngosuku,
futhi uma ngilala, angizizwa engikuphilayo.
***
Kugebhezi
Leli khanda, ngesikhathi lisaphila, lalinalo
ekwakhiweni kwala mathambo
inyama nezinwele, ababoshelwa zona
Amehlo ambukayo ame.
Nakhu ukuphakama komlomo kwakukhona,
isivele ibuna ngokuqabula okunje,
lapha amehlo we-emerald aqoshwe,
umbala imiphefumulo eminingi ibungaza.
Lapha isilinganiso enganginaso
ukuqala kwakho konke ukunyakaza,
lapha kwamandla ukuvumelana.
O ubuhle obufayo, ikhayithi emoyeni!
Wayehlala kuphi ukucabanga okuphezulu kangaka,
Ingabe izibungu zidelela ikamelo?
***
Ngifisa ukuthi ngabe ngingaphakathi kwakho
Ufisa ukuba ngaphakathi kweyakho,
Lucinda, ukubona ukuthi ngiyathandwa yini,
Ngabheka lobo buso obevela ezulwini
ngezinkanyezi nekhophi yemvelo yelanga;
nokwazi ubumsulwa bayo obungafanele,
Ngazibona ngigqoke ukukhanya nokukhanya,
elangeni lakho njenge-Phaethon elahlekile,
lapho eshisa insimu yaseKushe,
Ngicishe ngafa ngathi: «Sibe nawe,
izifiso ezinhle, ngoba ubuningi,
imisebenzi ayilingani.
Kepha bekuyisijeziso, ngokwesaba okukhulu,
ukuphikisana okubili, ukufa okubili, izifiso ezimbili,
Yebo, ngifela emlilweni futhi ngincibilike izinyembezi.
***
Izinyembezi
Ngomoya wokukhuluma nawe ngokuzethemba
ngokuzinikela kwakhe ngangena ethempelini ngelinye ilanga,
lapho uKristu esiphambanweni akhanya khona
ngokuxolelwa yilowo ombukayo kufinyelela kuye.
Futhi yize ukholo, uthando nethemba
babeka isibindi olimini lwabo,
Ngazikhumbuza ukuthi kwakuyiphutha lami
futhi ngithanda ukuziphindiselela.
Bengibuya ngingashongo lutho
nokuthi ngasibona kanjani isilonda eceleni,
umphefumulo ume ngezinyembezi ugeziwe.
Ngikhulumile, ngakhala futhi ngangena ngivela kulolo hlangothi,
ngoba uNkulunkulu akanamnyango ovaliwe
enhliziyweni edabukile futhi ethobekile.
***
Ngiyafa uthando
Ngiyafa uthando, ebengingazi,
yize enekhono lokuthanda izinto phansi,
ukuthi angizange ngicabange lolo thando oluvela ezulwini
Ngobunzima obunjalo imiphefumulo yavutha.
Uma ubiza ifilosofi yokuziphatha
isifiso kusuka ebuhleni ukuthanda, ukusola
ukuthi ngokukhathazeka okukhulu ngivuka
buphakeme kangakanani ubuhle bami.
Ngangithanda ezweni elibi, yeka umthandi oyisiwula!
O ukukhanya komphefumulo, kufanele ngikufune,
ngasiphi isikhathi engisichithe njengongazi!
Kepha ngiyakuthembisa manje ukuthi ngizokukhokhela
ngezinkulungwane eziyikhulu zothando nganoma yisiphi isikhathi
ukuthi ngokungithanda ngayeka ukukuthanda.