Izincwadi zika-Emilia Pardo Bazán: Umama Wemvelo
"U-Emilia Pardo Bazán Libros" ubelokhu engolunye usesho oluvame kakhulu kuwebhu ezinyangeni ezedlule. Izizathu ziningi, kepha ingcebo emi kulo msebenzi wombhali wezincwadi ugqame phakathi kwazo zonke. UBazán wayeyintatheli yaseSpain, umbhali, isifazane, umhumushi nomhleli. Kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe wayevikela amalungelo abesifazane futhi waqinisekisa ukuthi banendima ehlonishwayo emphakathini.
Umbhali ubeyingxenye yezicukuthwane kanye neRoyal Galician Academy. Isiqu sakhe seCountess of Pardo Bazán wanikwa sona yiNkosi Alfonso XIII ngoJuni 1908. UBazán wakhiqiza amanoveli nezindatshana, izincwadi zokuvakasha nemidlalo yeshashalazi. Imisho edumile yombhali nayo iyagqama, egxile ekuvikeleni abesifazane futhi egcwele ukujula kwefilosofi nezinkondlo.
Umndeni nobuntwana
UPardo wazalelwa eLa Coruña, idolobha laseGalicia, ngoSepthemba 16, 1851. Wakhulela emndenini ohloniphekile. Ubaba wakhe kwakunguJosé María Pardo Bazán y Mosquera, owayephethe isihloko sokuqala sikaPardo Bazán kanti umama wakhe wayebizwa ngo-Amalia María de la Rúa Figueroa y Somoza.
Ubaba wakhe wayeyindoda enemibono yabesifazane futhi wayeqinisekisa ukuthi u-Emilia unemfundo esezingeni eliphakeme. Ebuntwaneni bakhe wayejwayele ukufunda izincwadi uyise ayenazo, izintandokazi zakhe kwakungamanoveli nemibhalo yomlando. Ufunde esikoleni esivikelwe yiRoyal House nasebusheni obunama-governesses.
imfundo
Umbhali wayengomunye wabesifazane abambalwa besikhathi sakhe ababenqaba ukufunda ngomsebenzi wasendlini nangomculo.. Ufunde isiNgisi, isiFulentshi kanye nesiJalimane, ubaba wakhe nabangane bakhe abanobuhlakani bamfundisa ngesayensi nefilosofi ngoba izifundo zaseyunivesithi zazingavunyelwe kwabesifazane.
Impilo yothando
Ngo-1868 washada nomfundi oneminyaka engu-19 wezomthetho ogama lakhe linguJosé Quiroga y Pérez Deza. Ngonyaka ngemuva komshado banquma ukuthuthela eMadrid kanye nobaba ka-Emilia, owayezosebenzisa isikhundla sakhe njengePhini lamaCortes. Ngo-1871 bahamba nombhangqwana kaPardo-Rúa baya e-Italy naseFrance.
Ukuqala komsebenzi wakhe wokubhala
Kudayari Ukungakhethi ukhiphe imibhalo yakhe ohambweni alwenzile nabazali bakhe nomyeni wakhe. Kulezi zindaba umlobi wayefuna ukukhombisa ukuthi ukuhamba kwakuyindlela enhle kanjani yokuqhakambisa imfundo yomuntu. Utuse ukuvakashela izindawo ezintsha okungenani kanye ngonyaka.
Ngo-1876 washicilela indaba yakhe yokuqala enesihloko esithi Ukutadisha okubucayi kwemisebenzi kaFather Feijoo lapho athola khona ukuqashelwa nokunconywa. Ngalowo nyaka kwazalwa indodana yakhe uJaime futhi wakhiqiza iqoqo lezinkondlo elahlelwa nguFrancisco Giner de los Ríos futhi labizwa ngegama elifanayo nelomncane wakhe.
Ukucaphuna kuka-Emila Pardo Bazán - Frasesgo.com.
Ngo-1879 indodakazi yakhe uBlanca yazalwa futhi yashicilela inoveli yakhe yokuqala UPascual López, umlando wesifundo sezokwelapha. Lo bekungumsebenzi ophumelele owethulwe e ISpain Magazine. Le ndaba yenzeke eSantiago de Compostela kanti isihloko sayo besinothando ngezwi elingokoqobo.
Emilia umphakathi Isikhathi sangemva komshado e 1881, kulo msebenzi wazisa ngentshisekelo yakhe kwimvelo. Ngalowo nyaka kwazalwa indodakazi yakhe uCarmen futhi waqala ukuxhumana nombhali nosopolitiki uBenito Pérez. Ngo-1882 wafuna imfundo kwabesifazane baseSpain esikoleni sokufundela ubufundisi seFree Institution of Education.
Imvelo kaPardo
Umbhali waseSpain eyanyatheliswa ngo-1882 Umbuzo ovuthayo, incwadi ebhekwa njengomgqugquzeli wemvelo ezweni lakhe. Kwakuwumsebenzi owawunempikiswano, wabizwa ngokuthi awukholelwa kuNkulunkulu futhi wawunezithombe zocansi ngoba wawumayelana nezincwadi zika-ilemile Zola. Ngenxa yale mpikiswano, umyeni wakhe wamcela ukuthi angahlali ekubhaleni.
UPardo-Bazán uqhubeke nokukhiqiza imisebenzi, kufaka phakathi The Tribune ngo-1883 futhi Intokazi Ngo-1885, kowokugcina wakhuthazwa yizinkinga zomshado nokuhlukana okwalandela nomyeni wakhe uJosé. Ngo-1886 washicilela I-pazos de Ulloa, futhi ngo-1887 umbhali washicilela Imvelo kamama futhi waqala ukusuka kude nemvelo.
Ipolitiki nobufazi
Ubuntatheli bezepolitiki nokulwela kwakhe ukuvikela amalungelo abesifazane kwamnika ukuqashelwa okukhulu. Ufundise ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene futhi amadoda amaningi angaleso sikhathi azizwa esongelwa ngamakhono akhe. Ngo-1890 washicilela Owesifazane waseSpain futhi wezwa ngokufa kukayise. Lokhu kulahlekelwa kwasondeza u-Emilia ekufanekiseni nasekusebenzeni ngokomoya.
Ngefa likayise wenza umagazini wezepolitiki nezenhlalo I-New Critical Theatre. Ngo-1892 wenqatshwa ngenkathi ezama ukuba yingxenye yeRoyal Spanish Academy kwathi ngo-1906 waba ngowesifazane wokuqala ukuphatha umnyango wezincwadi wesikhungo samasiko e-Atenea de Madrid. Kuthiwa kwesinye isikhathi empilweni yakhe umbhali wayenemibono yobandlululo neyokulwa namaSemite.
Iminyaka edlule nokufa
Ngo-1916 wakwazi ukufundisa amakilasi ezincwadi zesiNeo-Latin, waba nguprofesa wokuqala waleso sihlalo eCentral University yaseMadrid. U-Emilia ushone ngoMeyi 12, 1921 enhlokodolobha yaseSpain. Inoveli yakhe yokuqala Ukuzilibazisa okuyingozi kanti ezinye zezincwadi zakhe zokuhamba zashicilelwa ngemuva kokufa.
Umbhali u-Emilia Pardo Bazán.
U-Emilia Pardo Bazán: Izincwadi ezifakiwe kanye nezicashunwa
Nazi izingcezu zeminye yemisebenzi yombhali waseSpain:
I-rostrum
“Njengoba ngokuvamile zingekho izinkathi zabampofu, i-Amparo yayinesudi efanayo yetartan, kodwa yonakala kakhulu, futhi isikhafu esibomvu esasiboshwe kakhulu kwakuwukuphela kwengubo eyayibonisa ukusuka entwasahlobo kuya ebusika ...
“… Naphezu kokugqoka okuncane kangaka, angazi ukuthi iyiphi imbali yobusha eyayiqala ukubonakala kumuntu wakhe; isikhumba sakhe besilula futhi sizacile, amehlo akhe amnyama ayekhanya ”.
Umbuzo ovuthayo
“Njengoba uZola ekuveza, kunenkinga yobuhle bemvelo yamaphutha esivele siwazi. Eminye yemigomo yayo inemiphumela emihle kwezobuciko; kepha kunokwemvelo, okubhekwa njengomzimba wemfundiso, umkhawulo ...
“… Uhlamvu oluvaliwe nolukhethekile engingeke ngikwazi ukuluchaza ngaphandle kokuthi ngithi lufana namagumbi anezintambo eziphansi nezincane kakhulu, lapho kunzima khona ukuphefumula. Ukugwema ukuminza, kufanele uvule iwindi: vumela umoya uzungeze nokukhanya okuvela esibhakabhakeni kungene ”.
Imvelo kamama
“Ngaphansi kwesihlahla lezi zithandani zicashe. Kwakuyisihlahla esihle kakhulu sokuvikela i-chestnut, sinomqhele obabazekayo nobanzi, ovuleke ngobukhazikhazi obucishe bube bokwakha phezu kwekholomu ebanzi neqinile yesiqu, okwakubonakala sengathi sizethula ngokuqhosha sibheke emafwini adedelwe: isihlahla sobukhokho, uhlobo olubona izizukulwane zezimbungulu eziphumelela ngokwedelela, ama-aphid, izintuthwane nezibungu, futhi uzinikeze imbeleko nethuna ezonweni zamagxolo azo aqhekekile ”.