Ilukuluku mayelana neNobel Prize for Literature okufanele uzazi

Incwadi eyawina umklomelo weNobel for Literature

Umklomelo KaNobel Wezincwadi Ingenye yemiklomelo ebaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni.. Ababhali abaningi bafuna ukuyinqoba kodwa akubona bonke abayitholayo. Kodwa-ke, kunemininingwane okufanele uyazi, ilukuluku elingaveli njalo kodwa elihlaba umxhwele.

Ngalesi sizathu, senze ucwaningo oluncane ukuze sithole ezinye zezinto ezikhangayo zomklomelo obulokhu uklomelisa ababhali. Ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe?

Iminyaka engama-41, leyo minyaka yomncane kunayo yonke iNobel Prize for Literature

Futhi kungukuthi, uma ubheka kancane uhlu lwabaphumelele, iningi labo lingama-60-70 kuya phezulu. Kodwa umbhali osemusha akakaze aklonyeliswe. Omncane kunabo bonke kwakuyicala lango-1907 lapho uRudyard Kipling ayekhona oneminyaka engu-41 ubudala, owawina indondo.

Kodwa lokhu akuphindanga ngenxa yalokho kakade uphethe irekhodi lokuba ngumbhali omncane kunabo bonke othole uMklomelo KaNobel Wezincwadi.

Iminyaka engama-88, iminyaka yobudala boMklomelo KaNobel wezincwadi omdala kunayo yonke

Umklomelo kaNobel Ezincwadini

Njengoba sike sasho phambilini ukuthi ngubani obemncane kunabo bonke ukuthola indondo, kubalulekile nokwazi ukuthi ngubani omdala owayithola. Futhi kulokhu, onenhlanhla kwaba U-Doris Lessing, oneminyaka engama-88, wawina indondo efiswa kakhulu ngababhali.

Kuze kube manje, akekho omdala, nakuba abaningi sebesondele eminyakeni yakhe (ama-80s nangaphezulu). UDoris wayithola ngo-2007 futhi ngokudabukisayo washona ngemva kweminyaka embalwa, ngoNovemba 2013.

Inhlanhla etholwa umbhali ngoMklomelo KaNobel Wezincwadi

Asazi noma ababhali bayawuthanda yini uMklomelo KaNobel Wezincwadi ngenxa yalowo mklomelo noma ngenxa yemali abayitholela yona. Futhi yilokho bonke abawine imiklomelo bathola imali eshisiwe.

Sikhuluma ngezicoco eziyizigidi eziyisishiyagalolunye, okuthi, ukuqoqa kancane, ilingana nesigidi esingu-1 samadola, ngaphezulu noma ngaphansi okufanayo ngama-euro (kuye ngokuthi igcina kanjani emakethe yamasheya).

Eqinisweni, okungenzeka awukwazi ukuthi ngumsunguli weMiklomelo kaNobel owabuza isikhungo saseSweden ukuthi sizobahlela iminyaka eminingi, ukuthi iklomelisa minyaka yonke "umbhali womsebenzi wezincwadi ovelele kakhulu wokuthambekela kokuhle".

Futhi kusukela lapho kufika iqiniso lokuthi unikezwa lowo mklomelo wezomnotho (okuyinto ngokuqinisekile ezosiza wonke umuntu).

Iziphakamiso zonyaka ezingama-350

Amabhuku

Lokho iyinani eliyisilinganiso elitholwa isikhungo saseSweden njalo ngonyaka. Ziyizincwadi ezithunyelwa ngababhali bezicela ukuthi bazibheke ukuze babe phakathi kwalabo abangase bangenele ukhetho. Ngokusobala, abanye bakwenza ngokuzithoba kanti abanye bathe xaxa… baqondile, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso. Kodwa ngaphandle kwezinhlamvu, izikhathi eziningi lezi zihambisana neminikelo, izipho kanye nanoma iyiphi enye indlela "yokuthambisa" inhliziyo yejaji ukungena phakathi kwalabo bantu (futhi ukhethe ukuthola umklomelo). Yebo lokhu akubasizi kangako ababhali.

Umsuka Womklomelo KaNobel Wezincwadi

Ngaphambi kokuthi sikutshele ngo-Alfred Nobel futhi kungenzeka wazi ukuthi wayengumdali Wemiklomelo YeNobel. Kodwa-ke, okungenzeka awukwazi ukuthi, nakuba kwakuyintando yakhe ukuthi imiklomelo yezomnotho idalwe futhi inikezwe, awuzange ugcwaliseke kwaze kwaba unyaka ngemva kokufa kwakhe.

Isizathu? Bekumele kugunyazwe iPhalamende laseNorway. Kuphela ngaleso sikhathi, sikhuluma ngo-1897, bakwazi ukufeza intando, futhi iNobel Foundation yaphakanyiswa.

Babili kuphela abawine uMklomelo kaNobel ngemva kokufa

Kufanele ukwazi lokho zonke iziphakamiso zoMklomelo KaNobel Wezincwadi kufanele zivele kubabhali abaphilayo futhi abashicilelwe ngalowo nyaka.. Ababhali abangasekho abamukelwa. Ngaphandle kwezikhathi ezimbili, ngo-1931 nango-1961. Kwenzenjani? Uyabona, abawine ngaleyo minyaka kwakungu-Erik Axel Karlfeldt noDag Hammarskjöld (kulokhu uMklomelo Wokuthula KaNobel). Bobabili bashona sebekhethiwe, okusho ukuthi, babesohlwini lokugcina lwababhali abangawina indondo. Futhi baba nebhadi lokufa (okokuqala ngo-Ephreli nokwesibili ngoSepthemba).

Futhi, kufanele wazi ukuthi u-Erik Axel Karlfeldt, njengoba sibonile ku-Wikipedia, wenqaba ukuzuza uMklomelo KaNobel Wezincwadi ngo-1918. Uma siya ohlwini lwabawinile, kuvele ukuthi ngalowo nyaka umklomelo wawungenamuntu ngoba wawungabanjwanga ngenxa yeMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Ngakho asazi ngempela ukuthi kwenzekeni.

Ababhali ababili abalokothe ​​banqabe umklomelo

Ilabhulali

Uma sike sanitshela ngaphambili ukuthi akekho ozokwazi ukwenqaba uMklomelo KaNobel Wezincwadi, ingasaphathwa eyemali ehambisana nawo, iqiniso liwukuthi kumelwe sihoxise. Kwakukhona ababhali ababili abancamele ukuyenqaba.

Owokuqala ongamazi, mhlawumbe hhayi ngegama, Boris pasternak, kodwa yebo kwenye yezincwadi ezaziwa kakhulu laphaya, Udokotela Zhivago. Kuthe uma esekunikiwe wawemukela. Kodwa ngemva kwesonto wanquma ukuyibuyisela ngenxa yokucindezela kukahulumeni waseSoviet ngaye. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1958.

Futhi ngemva kweminyaka, ngo-1964, kwaba njalo umbhali uJean paul Sartre owayengafuni ukwamukela umklomelo noma ukuhlonishwa okuhambisana naye. Waze wenza isimemezelo esidlangalaleni lapho uthe “umbhali akumele avume ukuphendulwa isikhungo.

Indondo yeNobel Prize for Literature inomlando

Uma ungakaze uyiqaphele indondo abayinikeza abawine uMklomelo KaNobel Wezincwadi, kufanele wazi ukuthiLena yaklanywa u-Erik Lindberg futhi kunesigcawu esincane kuyo. Kubonakale owesilisa ehlezi, enamafolio edolweni langakwesokudla futhi ebheke intokazi ephambi kwayo ishaya ihabhu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uyaziwa ukuthi uhlezi eduze kwe-laurel futhi kuthiwa into ayibhalile yingoma adlalwa kuyo imyuziyamu.

Ngaphandle kwalokho, kukhona amagama ngesiLatini, Okusunguliwe - Vitam - Iuvat - Excoluisse - Per - Arts, okusho ukuthi "Labo abathuthukisa impilo ngokuthola ubuciko". Futhi uma ufunde i-Aeneid, uzokwazi ukuthi lesi sisho sivela evesini 663 le-canto yesithupha.

Njengoba ubona, uMklomelo KaNobel Wezincwadi unezinto eziningi ezikhangayo (okungaphezu kwalokho esikutshele kona). Ingabe kukhona okwaziyo okufanele sikwazi ngakho?


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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.