U-Antonio Escohotado (1941-2021) Wayeyisazi sefilosofi saseSpain, isazi somthetho kanye nombhali wezindaba. Wayaziwa kakhulu ngophenyo lwakhe olunzulu ngalesi sidakamizwa; isikhundla sakhe mayelana nalokhu sasiphikisana nokuvinjelwa kwalezi zinto. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi wachitha isikhathi ejele ngenxa yokutholakala nezidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni. Imibono yakhe izinikele enkululekweni yokuzikhethela, igcizelela isidingo esibalulekile sabantu sokulwa nanoma yikuphi ukucindezelwa. Kungakho i-Escohotado ithathwa njenge-liberal-libertarian, ngokuhambisana ne-Marxism.
Umsebenzi wakhe omkhulu kwaba Umlando ojwayelekile wezidakamizwa (1989), futhi wonke umsebenzi wakhe wendatshana ufakwe isikhathi eside sokufunda iFilosofi ngethonya lababhali abahlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, i-empiricism nayo ikhona kakhulu emsebenzini wakhe kanye nendlela yokufunda ngokubheka okungokoqobo okuqhubekayo. Kulesi sihloko sikutshela okubaluleke kakhulu ngomsebenzi ka-Antonio Escohotado.
Izincwadi eziyinhloko zika-Antonio Escohotado
Iqiniso Nezinto (1985)
Incwadi ye-Metaphysical ebonisa iqiniso kanye nefilosofi. Umbono womuntu siqu wokusetshenziswa kwaleli gatsha le-Humanities, ukuthi kufanele libe yini nokuthi yini okufanele lithinte. Isenzo sokuqonda komuntu, esiheha imiqondo yesikhathi samanje njengokuthi lutho, ubukhona, ingqikithi, isizathu, udaba, isikhathi noma indawo. Incwadi ekhethekile kakhulu yezazi kulo mkhakha.
Umlando Ojwayelekile Wezidakamizwa (1989)
Umbhalo wefilosofi oskena ngokunembile nangokujulile izinto eziningi nezinhlobonhlobo ezishintsha ukuziphatha kanye nokuqaphela.. Ngisho no-Escohotado uzizwa ekhululekile ukusebenzisa igama elithi "izidakamizwa" ezimweni eziningi. Isebenzisa umbono womlando, nginomuzwa wokuthi lo msebenzi a umsebenzi onzima empilweni. Izinto ezisetshenziswa ngokusemthethweni nezingekho emthethweni ziyabhekwa. Ukubuyekezwa kubanzi kakhulu, kuhlanganisa izindawo ezahlukene: umlando, isiko, inganekwane, i-anthropology, isayensi yezokuhlalisana kwabantu, imithi, ikhemistri kanye nepolitiki. Konke kumqulu owodwa wamakhasi angaphezu kuka-1500 ahlanganiswe nemifanekiso.
Izifebe Namakhosikazi: Izinganekwane Ezine Ngocansi Nomsebenzi (1993)
I-eseyi eyela ngasocansini eqonda ububili phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Umbhalo usekelwa isiphetho sobulili obubili ngezinganekwane ezine zakudala. Ngokusebenzisa laba balingisi abakhulu, abazungeza izinganekwane, njengemodeli noma isikhunta, yenza umhlaba wonke izihloko ezifana nomndeni, inyunyana, kanye nemisebenzi yabo. Lokhu kuzoshintshashintsha kuye ngobulili bobulili obuhlotshaniswa namalungu ayo. Qedela ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto zasendulo nomhlaba wamanje ngocwaningo lwasekhaya emindenini yethu. Imibhangqwana yezinganekwane kule ncwadi yilena: Ishtar-Gilgamesh, Hera-Zeus, Deyanira-Heracles, María-José.
Isithombe se-Rake (1997)
Le ncwadi ihlanganisa izahluko ezihlukahlukene umnyombo wazo ovamile ukwamukela umzimba, izinzwa nomoya. Ngale ndlela, imibhalo eqoqwe yi-Escohotado ziveza izimo ezidlulela ngale kwemizwa umzimba oyitholayo futhi edlula ingqondo nomoya. Isahluko sokuqala sikhuluma ngothando lwenyama kanye nokubuyekezwa kwesibili izimo zengqondo ezifana nenjabulo nokudabuka ohlakeni lwezimiso zokuziphatha. Kweyesithathu sithola ukubheja ngokombono wobubi. Isahluko sesine sibheka ukudakwa njengendlela yokuhlola izwe. Eyesihlanu imayelana ne-euthanasia. Owesithupha nowesikhombisa yizingxoxo no-Albert Hoffman no-Ernst Jünger.
Isiphithiphithi nokuhleleka (2000)
isiphithiphithi nokuhleleka ithole i- Umklomelo we-Espasay Essay e 1999. Ngalesi sihloko esishukumisayo, i-Escohotado ihlose ukuqeda ukwehlukaniswa kwakudala kwesayensi nobuntu, ifuna ukubahlanganisa. I-Escohotado isungula izindlela ezintsha zokuhlela ulwazi ngendlela elula neqondakalayo kumfundi. Umbhali wenza ukuhlaziya umcabango wesikhathi esedlule ukuze awulethe esikhathini samanje ngendlela evuselelwe. isiphithiphithi nokuhleleka kuwuguquko lwethiyori ukuze umfundi aluqonde ekuphileni kwakhe kwansuku zonke.
Ukufunda Ezidakamizweni (2005)
ukufunda ngezidakamizwa isibuyekezo esibuyekeziwe sezinto ezivela ezinkathini ezahlukene. Ezinye ezisemthethweni kanti ezinye ezingekho: utshwala, amaphilisi okulala, insangu, i-cocaine, i-heroin, noma ikhofi ezinye i-Escohotado ekhuluma ngazo encwadini yakhe. Umbhali uyaqonda ukuthi ungafunda kubo, ukuthi akudingekile ukubafaka amademoni, kodwa lokho imiphumela yazo kufanele yaziwe uma zithathwa kanye nemiphumela yokuhlukunyezwa kwazo. Inhloso ukuthi umfundi azenzele owakhe umbono mayelana nezidakamizwa.
I-Enemies of Trade (2008)
Iyindatshana ebanzi enombhalo ongezansi Umlando wokuziphatha wempahlafuthi ihlukaniswe yaba imiqulu emithathu. Kungumsebenzi wophenyo ojulile mayelana nenhlangano yamaKhomanisi. Umqulu wokuqala ushicilelwe ngo-2008, owesibili ngo-2013 kanti owokugcina ovala ucwaningo usuka ku-2017. Futhi njengoba iningi lomsebenzi wakhe emashumini eminyaka amuva nje ushicilelwe ngaba Espasa-Calpe.
Incwadi yokuqala iyathuthuka umsuka wobukhomanisi kuze kube yiNguquko yaseFrance. Owesibili ugxile kukho isiyaluyalu sekhulu le-XNUMX nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XNUMX, izikhathi ezifanele kakhulu zephrojekthi yamakhomanisi. Umqulu wesithathu uwucwaningo oluvela ekuthatheni kukaLenin amandla eRussia oluqhubeka ukuwa kodonga lwaseBerlin kanye nokuwohloka kweSoviet Union. Ekuphetheni, izitha zohwebo Kungumsebenzi wendatshana othokozisayo wokuhlaziya ubukhomanisi phakathi namakhulu eminyaka ngokufika kanye nokuxazululwa kokugcina komphakathi wabathengi.
I-Ibiza yami yangasese (2019)
Liyincwadi ye-autobiographical. Okuwukuphela kwento eyabhalwa umbhali, eyaphakamisa ukungabaza okubonakalayo kulo msebenzi. Ngendlela enamahloni futhi ejabulisayo u-Escohotado ulandisa ngokubaluleka isiqhingi sase-Ibiza esasinaso kuye, isikhathi sakhe sokuqala lapho, nayo yonke iminyaka ayichitha kule ndawo, eyayingembalwa. Okokuqala sibona umuntu ngaphezu kombhali.
I-Forge of Glory (2021)
U-Escohotado wayeyisazi sefilosofi, kodwa futhi engumlandeli omkhulu webhola. Ngalo msebenzi wakamuva emsebenzini wakhe wobungcweti sithola umbono othakazelisayo ngomlando weReal Madrid. Lokhu ukubukezwa kafushane kokunqoba okulandelanayo kwaleli qembu laseMadrid, elihlale liphezulu noma ngaphansi njalo phezulu kunoma yikuphi ukuhlukaniswa, kungaba iSpanishi noma i-European. Okungukuthi, I-Escohotado, ngokubambisana noJesús Bengoechea, izama ukuchaza imfihlo yempumelelo yeqembu ngomlando wayo..
Sobre el autor
U-Antonio Escohotado Espinosa wazalelwa eMadrid ngo-1941. Wayengumcabango waseSpain nombhali ofundiswe eComplutense University of Madrid. UDokotela Wefilosofi Yomthetho, futhi wayenguprofesa nomhumushi wasenyuvesi. Umcabango wakhe wawusendaweni yenkululeko yenkululeko, umsinga kaMarxist. Futhi waba yisosha leQembu LamaKhomanisi ngokuyimfihlo ngesikhathi sikaFranco.
Ngokufanayo, U-Escohotado ovela emndenini wakhe waxhumana nemigqa ehlukene yemibono. Ubaba wakhe wayeyisishoshovu se-Falangist kanti umalume wakhe ongumama, uJuan José Espinosa San Martín, naye wayengowe-Falange futhi wayengungqongqoshe ngesikhathi sombuso kaFranco. Nokho, umzala wakhe, isazi sefilosofi uJosé Luis Escohotado, ungumcabango onombono kaMarxist.
Isiqhingi sase-Ibiza saba imodeli ephikisana namasiko eSpain ngawo-70 lapho i-Francoism ibuna. U-Escohotado wayekwazi lokhu futhi wasungula i-disco Amnesia esiqhingini ngo-1976. I-Ibiza yayiyindawo ebaluleke kakhulu kuye futhi yaba nomthelela emsebenzini wakhe. Lapho uchithe izinyanga zokugcina zokuphila kwakhe lapho ashona khona ngoNovemba 2021.