U-Antoine de Saint-Exupery: Izincwadi

Isisho seNkosana Encane

Isisho seNkosana Encane

Lapho umuntu ezwa inkulumo ethi “Izincwadi zika-Antoine de Saint-Exupéry”, isihloko esingase sifike engqondweni yakhe sithi. INkosana encane. Kungumbuzo onengqondo ngokuphelele, kusukela INkosi uPeter (1943) ingelinye lamanoveli efilosofi nezingane aziwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Nokho, ngaphandle kwale ncwadi eshiwo ngenhla, umshayeli wendiza waseFrance wodumo waqeda eminye imibhalo eyisikhombisa.

Kokuphelele, Indalo ebhaliwe kaSaint-Exupéry imele ukubonakaliswa okukodwa komshayeli wendiza kanye neqhawe ekwazi ukuchaza uhambo ngombono wembongi. Ngokufanayo, umsebenzi wokubhala womdabu waseLyon waqashelwa ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe ngemiklomelo eminingana ngenxa yezincwadi ezifana Indiza yasebusuku (1931) noma izwe lamadoda (1939).

Ukuhlaziywa kwezincwadi zika-Antoine de Saint-Exupéry

Itimu etholakala yonke indawo

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwe- Antoine de Saint-Exupery, Umshayeli wezindiza (1926), i-aeronautics imele umthombo okabili wogqozi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, yisihloko esiyinhloko somsebenzi wakhe, lapho ukuphishekela ubizo kungalahlekisela abalingiswa abayizimpilo zabo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izindiza ziyisizinda esiyinhloko sezenzo zobuqhawe ezibangela ukucabanga ngomhlaba kanye nawe uqobo.

Le migqa yezingxabano ibonakala ku I-Courier South (imeyili yaseningizimu, 1929), umlingiswa wakhe oyinhloko—umshayeli wendiza uJacques Bernis—efela ogwadule lwaseRío de Oro. indiza yasebusuku (Indiza yasebusuku, 1931) inikezelwe ekudumiseni inkazimulo yabashayeli bezindiza bokuqala emlandweni. Lawo maphayona awazange angabaze ukubhekana nokufa ukuze afeze umsebenzi wawo ngokuqinile.

Isihambi sempilo yangempela

Okuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu kombhali we-Gallic kuhlanganisa i-nucleus ye-thematic of Izindawo zokuhlala e- Terre des homes (izwe lamadoda, 1939). Esimweni esinjalo, Indiza iyinto efanelekile yokubukwa nokuhlola umhlaba. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kusiza ukuveza ubumbano lwangaphakathi emizamweni yobuzalwane yabantu ekuphishekeleni izinjongo zabo.

Ngokuphawulekayo, ngenxa yobungcweti bakhe kwezokundiza—kanye neqiniso lokuthi wasinda ezingozini eziningana—iSaint-Exupéry yayinedumela lomhlaba wonke. Bese, wasebenzisa izikhumbuzo zakhe ukuze adumise ukubambisana, isibopho somuntu ngamunye kanye nokuzinikela kumagugu omuntu wendawo yonke.

ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kwemibhalo

Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-1930, imibhalo kaSaint-Exupéry ibonisa ukucaciswa kolimi olunezingoma, oluhloniphekile nolunyakazayo. Ngalo mqondo, impi inqwaba (umshayeli wempi, 1942) isiphakamiso somuntu siqu mayelana nendiza yokuhlola eyenziwa ngoMeyi 1940.. Umsebenzi okukhulunywa ngawo wenziwa ngomoya wokuzidela futhi waqedwa ngokumelene nawo wonke amathuba.

Ngesikhathi ehlala e-United States, u-Saint-Exupéry wabhala Lettre à un otage (Incwadi eya ekuthunjweni), eyanyatheliswa ngo-1944. Lo mbhalo kuwubizo lobumbano lwabo bonke abantu baseFrance, umuzwa ohambisana nokwethembeka kwabo ekuphikiseni amaFrance.. Naphezu kwalokhu, akazange afihle ubutha bakhe kuGeneral Charles de Gaulle, umholi wezempi kanye nomholi wezepolitiki waseFree France.

Umshayeli wendiza waphenduka inganekwane

Ngaphandle kokungabaza, INkosi uPeter (INkosana encane, 1944) wenza u-Antoine de Saint-Exupéry waba umuntu ongafi ezincwadini zomhlaba. Yinganekwane yezingane yabantu abadala enesikhumbuzo esihle, emfushane futhi engenakonakala: izinto ezingcono kakhulu ekuphileni zilula. Ngakho-ke, umuntu angathola ingcebo yeqiniso kuphela lapho ekwazi ukupha abanye.

Ekugcineni, ukuphelelwa ithemba okwandayo ekubukeni kwendiza yaseLyonnais kuvezwa ngokucacile lenqaba (ICitadel, 1948). Lona ivolumu yangemuva kokushona kwezingxoxo zefilosofi ezizungeze umbono ophikelelayo esigabeni sokugcina sombhali ongumFulentshi. Le nkolelo iqinisekisa ukuthi isizathu esihlala njalo sokuba khona komuntu ukuba inqolobane yezimiso zempucuko.

Isijobelelo: imishwana eyisithupha ye-sempiternal ye INkosana encane

  • “Bonke abantu abakhulu bake baba izingane phambilini. (Kodwa bambalwa abakhumbulayo)”.
  • "Lapho imfihlakalo ihlaba umxhwele kakhulu akunakwenzeka ukungalaleli".
  • “Kunzima kakhulu ukuzehlulela wena kunabanye. Uma ukwazi ukuzahlulela, uyisihlakaniphi sangempela.”
  • “Kubuhlungu ukukhohlwa umngani. Akuwona wonke umuntu oke waba nayo."
  • “Nansi imfihlo yami. Kulula kakhulu: umuntu akaboni kahle kodwa ngenhliziyo. Okubalulekile akubonakali emehlweni".
  • "Isikhathi osichithile nge-rose yakho senza i-rose yakho ibaluleke kakhulu."

Sobre el autor

U-Antoine de Saint-Exupéry

U-Antoine de Saint-Exupéry

Ukuzalwa, umndeni, ubuntwana kanye nobusha

U-Antoine-Marie-Roger de Saint-Exupéry wazalwa ngoJuni 29, 1900 eLyon, eFrance. Njengoba eyintandane kusukela eneminyaka emine ubudala, wayengowesithathu ezinganeni ezinhlanu emkhayeni wezicukuthwane ohlonishwa kakhulu edolobheni lakubo. Noma kunjalo, umbhali wakusasa wayengeyena umfundi ovelele, ngaphezu kwalokho, wafeyila ukuhlolwa kokungena e-École Naval (I-Naval Academy).

Kunoma yikuphi, u-Antoine osemncane wakwazi ukutadisha ubuciko bezakhiwo izinyanga ezimbalwa e-École des Beaux-Arts. Ngo-1921, wamukelwa ebuthweni lasemoyeni laseFrance futhi ezinyangeni eziyishumi nantathu kamuva wafaneleka njengomshayeli wezempi. Ngo-1926, wajoyina iLatécoère Campaign eToulouse, ejutshwe ukusungula umzila weposi. Isemoyeni phezu kweNyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika, i-South Atlantic kanye neNingizimu Melika.

Umsebenzi wezincwadi nomshado

indaba emfushane Umshayeli wezindiza (1926) kwakungumbhalo wokuqala kaSaint-Exupéry. Ngokulandelayo, waqeda imeyili yaseningizimu (1928) ngenkathi esebenza njengomqondisi wesiteshi sezindiza saseSpain iSahara. Kusukela ngo-Okthoba 1929, waqala ukwenza izindiza njalo esuka ku-General Pacheco aerodrome (Argentina) eya ezindaweni ezahlukene e-cone eseningizimu (ikakhulukazi eya ePatagonia).

Umshayeli nomlobi ongumFulentshi wahlala izinyanga ezingu-15 endaweni ye-gaucho. Nakuba indawo yakhe yokuhlala esemthethweni yayiseCórdoba, kwakuseBuenos Aires lapho ahlangana khona no-Salvador Consuelo Suncín, amshada ngo-1931. (Uyi-rose in INkosana encane). Ngawo lowo nyaka washicilela Indiza yasebusuku futhi ngo-February 1932 wayishiya i-Argentina, ephoqelelwe isimo sezombangazwe esinesiyaluyalu.

Imisebenzi yobuntatheli, izingozi kanye neMpi Yezwe II

Eminyakeni eyalandela, u-Saint-Exupéry wasebenza njengomshayeli wokuhlola, i-publicist attaché ye-Air France, kanye nentatheli ye-Air France. Paris Soir. Naphezu kokulimala kwakhe okuningi ngenxa yezingozi zezindiza —wacishe wafela ogwadule lwaseSahara ngo-December 30, 1935—, waba umshayeli wezindiza ohlola amasosha. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, waqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe wokubhala ngokukhululwa kwe izwe lamadoda (1939).

Khona-ke, umshayeli wendiza owazalelwa eLyon wathuthela e-US lapho iFrance iba ngaphansi kombuso wamaNazi ngo-1940. Ezweni laseNyakatho Melika washicilela umshayeli wempi (1942). Wabuyela eYurophu ngo-1943 futhi ngokushesha wajoyina i-Mediterranean Air Squadron. Ngaleso sikhathi wabhekana nezinkinga ezinkulu zezomnotho; Ngaphezu kwalokho, okwenza izinto zibe zimbi nakakhulu, uJenene Charles de Gaulle wamsola ngokusekela iJalimane.

Ukunyamalala

NgoJulayi 31, 1944, iSaint-Exupéry yasuka esikhumulweni sezindiza saseCorsica ngemishini yokuhlola ngobusuku bangaphambi kokuhlasela kwe-Allied eFrance. Lokho kwaba ukuthunywa kwakhe kokugcina, angabuyi. Izinsalela zomkhumbi ophahlazekile kanye nesongo esinegama lakhe kwatholakala emashumini ayisithupha kamuva olwandle eduze nesiqhingi saseRiou, cishe amakhilomitha angu-11 eningizimu-mpumalanga yeMarseille.


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