Anaphora

U-Anaphora uyisimo sokukhuluma esisetshenziswa kabanzi phakathi kwezimbongi nababhali bezingoma. Iqukethe ukuphindaphinda okungaguquguquki kwegama noma ibinzana, imvamisa ekuqaleni kwevesi noma umusho. Noma, kungahle kuvele phakathi. Lokhu kungabonakala emshweni olandelayo ka-Amado Nervo: "Konke kwaziwa lapha, akukho lutho oluyimfihlo lapha".

Isetshenziselwa ukunikeza umbhalo inhloso ecacile necacile, kanye nomsindo othize.. Ngendlela efanayo, iyasetshenziswa lapho kwakhiwa izinkondlo zeprozi, noma ngabe ziyimpinda yemisho eqondile noma amaqembu afanayo okwenziwa. Ngokwesibonelo:

"Walker, ayikho indlela, indlela yenziwa ukuhamba". (Umbhalo ukhonjiswe nguJoan Manuel Serrat, ovela enkondlweni ethi «Cantares» by U-Antonio Machado).

Izinkulumo zamabomu

Ngaphezu kokunikeza imibhalo ngesigqi esithile nama-sonorities, Kuyisimo esibalulekile sokukhuluma lapho kugqanyiswa umqondo, umbono noma into efanayo enesigqi esiyindlalifa yamavesi athile. Izinkulumo ezihlosiwe ziboniswe ngezansi ngengcaphuno ka-Andrés Eloy Blanco:

"Umdwebi owazalelwa ezweni lami onebhulashi langaphandle // umdwebi olandela indlela yabadwebi abaningi bakudala // yize iNcasakazi imhlophe, ngipende izingelosi ezincane ezimnyama." ("Ngidwebe izingelosi ezincane ezimnyama", u-Andrés Eloy Blanco).

Ngokwengeziwe, i-anaphora idlala indima ehamba phambili kusichazamazwi. Ngakho-ke, yenza izinkondlo ukubonakaliswa kobuciko - okumele, zihlonishwe ngokugcwele - zidinga ukufundwa ngokuzwakalayo. Noma ngabe kuculiwe, kushiwo noma kumenyezelwe ngokuzwakalayo. Akucaci ukuthi ngabe umfundi uphambi kwezilaleli ezimlalelisisa noma zodwa ekamelweni.

Imvelaphi ye-anaphora

Igama elithi anaphora livela ekuhlanganisweni kwamagama amabili avela esiGrekini. Okokuqala, ana, okusho ukuthi "ukuphindaphinda" noma "ukufana"; kulekelelwe nge sibongile, okusho ukuthi "ukuhambisa". Ngokolunye uhlangothi, Bebekhona kudala ngaphambi kokuba kusungulwe ukubhala.

Izifundiswa zithi ukusetshenziswa kwama-anaphoras kubuyela ezikhathini lapho i-orality bekuyiyona ndlela kuphela yokudlulisa ulwazi. Ngakho-ke, Lo mthombo usetshenziselwe ukushiya kungabazeki maqondana nemibono evezwe emishweni noma kungahunyushwa kabi.

Izinhlobo ze-anaphora yohlelo lolimi

Ngaphakathi emkhakheni wezilimi nokuhlaziywa kohlelo, i- "anaphora" igama elinezincazelo ezintathu ezihlukile. Lokhu - ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwayo njengesibalo sokukhuluma - kungenye yalezo zinto ezenza iSpanishi lube ulimi olunzima ukulingisa kulabo okungelona ulimi lwabo lwendabuko. Ngisho, kwesinye isikhathi izikhulumi zaseSpain kusuka ekuzalweni nakho kudala ubunzima.

Sebenzisa

• I-anaphora isetshenziswa njengendawo yokubhekisela noma ye-deictic ngendlela yesabizwana, okuchazwa kwayo kufakwe kumongo wenkulumo. Qaphela kule nkulumo elandelayo kaFilippo Neviani “Nek”:… «ULaura uyaphunyuka empilweni yami, nani enilapha, mbuzeni ukuthi kungani ngimthanda yize nginamanxeba» ...
• Ngokunjalo i-anaphora ingaba isichasiselo esichazwa ngokuya kwesinye isakhi esigcwalisa inkulumo.
• Ekugcineni, incazelo yalo ingaphansi kwemiqondo yokuthi ngesikhathi sokuphindwa (kwegama noma kwebinzana) sekuvele kukhona embhalweni. Isibonelo: "Bekukhona inyoni engusayizi wepinti ehleli kuluhlaza kalamula." (Albalucía Ángel).

I-Anaphora ne-cataphor

I-Anaphora ne-cataphor ngamagama anencazelo yawo evame ukudukisa. Kodwa-ke, munye kuphela umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili, okulula ukuqondakala. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-cataphoras asetshenziswa ngaphakathi kohlelo lolimi lweCastilian njengezinsizakusebenza zokuhlangana kwesakhiwo emibhalweni, kugweme ukuphindaphindwa kwamagama.

Ku-anaphora, isabizwana sisetshenziswa ngemuva kokuba isihloko sesivele sethulwe ngaphakathi komusho. Esikhundleni salokho, ekhefeni, kusetshenziswa igama lokuqala elithi “substitute” bese kuthi kamuva kuvele umlingiswa oyisenzo.

Ngokwesibonelo: "yena awulindanga isikhathi eside, yilokho Patricia akanaso isineke ”.

I-Ellipsis ne-anaphora

Kukhona “ithuluzi” lesithathu lohlelo lolimi elisetshenziselwa ukunikeza ukuhlangana kwemibhalo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ukuphindaphindwa kwamagama njalo. Imayelana ne-ellipsis. Isabizwana "esingena esikhundleni" asisetshenziswa lapha. Isihloko simane sikhishiwe, okungekho kwakhe kuthetheleleka ngokuphelele embhalweni futhi akukho kudideka maqondana nomlingiswa noma into okukhulunywa ngaye.

Ukungabikho (i-ellipsis) kunganikezwa "njengohlobo" lwe-anaphora. Lokho wukuthi, ukushiywa kwenzeka uma isihloko sesivele sethulwe: UMarina noRoberto bangumbhangqwana okhethekile, bathandana kakhulu. Ngendlela efanayo, ingasebenza njengesiqhathaniso “sokuthula”. Qaphela kulo musho olandelayo: "Akazange eze, u-Eduardo akanankinga."

Izici ezijwayelekile ze-anaphora njengezibalo zokubhala

Yize kwesinye isikhathi ama-anaphoras wokukhuluma nolimi angabonakala efana, ukubuyekeza ezinye zezimpawu ezijwayelekile zangaphambili kusebenza ukucacisa umehluko phakathi kokunye.

Okokufaka

Ukuvela kwaso kuvamise ukwenzeka ekuqaleni komusho ngamunye. Imvamisa kusuka ekuvulweni komusho nangemva kwalokho, kulandelwe ukuvalwa komusho ngamunye. Ngakho-ke, kulokhu i-anaphora ivela ngemuva kwesikhathi futhi ilandelwe noma inkathi futhi ihlukaniswe. Isibonelo: “Ubusisiwe wena edolobheni noma ezweni. Izobusiswa inzalo yesisu sakho, nezithelo zomhlaba wakho ”. (UDuteronomi 28).

Ngokufanayo, ama-anaphoras wokufaka angatholakala ngemuva kwekhefana noma i-semicolon. Lokhu kubonakala endimeni elandelayo: “Shaya i-blade, isigayo, kuze kufike iqhwa likakolweni. // Nikeza itshe, amanzi, lize lithambe. // Nikeza isivunguvungu, umoya, kuze kungatholakali ”. (UMiguel Hernandez).

Igama elilodwa, umusho owodwa

Kulolu hlobo lwe-anaphora, eIsisetshenziswa sihlanganisa ngaphezu kwegama elilodwa, njengoba kungabonakala esiqeshini esilandelayo sikaSilvio Rodríguez: “Kukhona abadinga ingoma yothando; kukhona abadinga ingoma yobungani; kukhona abadinga ukubuyela elangeni bayocula inkululeko enkulu ”.

Ngokushintshwa kobulili

Enye yezindlela i-anaphora engatholakala ngayo ngaphakathi komusho ine-polyptoton. Ngemuva kwalokho, igama elizophindwa lishintsha ubulili phakathi nombhalo. Isibonelo: "Ufuna ngikuthande kanjani uma engifuna angithande engangithandi ngendlela engifuna angithande ngayo?"