Izincwadi, kuwo wonke umlando, ziye zaba namaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo njenganoma yisiphi esinye isihloko. Namuhla ku Actualidad Literatura, siza ukuzobukeza ezinye zazo amanothi atholakalayo anelukuluku ukuze ungazi.
Siqala ku-3, 2, 1 ...
Uthi bewazi…?
Umehluko phakathi kohlobo lokuveza imibhalo nobulili
Izikhathi eziningi, i-lyric enevesi kanye nokulandisa nge-prose kuvame ukudideka. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi izinhlobo ezinomsindo zivame ukubhalwa evesini, njengoba nje sihlobanisa ukulandisa neprose ngoba kuyindlela yayo ejwayelekile yokukhuluma. Noma kunjalo, kufanele sikukhumbule lokho izinkondlo ezibabazekayo wakhe ukulandisa evesini ngoba basitshela indaba, nokuthi kunomsebenzi wezinkondlo noma iprozi yomculo, lapho umbhali aveza khona imizwa yakhe,
Iprozi enesigqi, egcwele isigqi futhi egcwele imithombo yolwazi yemibhalo, isondelene kakhulu nevesi lamahhala, yize inkulumo ingahlukanisiwe ngamavesi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkundla yemidlalo yaseshashalazini nayo ingabhalwa ngevesi noma ngephrozi, ngokuya ngokuthanda kombhali noma imfashini nokuthanda kwangesikhathi.
Zivelaphi ezinye izinhlobo zamavesi?
El maphorisa Kuyivesi elivela e-Italiya elahlanganiswa nemitha yaseSpain ngekhulu le-XNUMX ngenxa yomsebenzi wabalobi abanjengoGarcilaso de la Vega noBoscán. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, laba babhali ababili "babenecala" futhi babenomthwalo wokwethula izigaba ezifana nokuthi lira futhi i ubukhosi besishiyagalombili kuya ezinkondlweni zaseSpain.
El I-Alexandrine, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ne- dodecasyllable, Angamavesi enkathi ephakathi ayengasasetshenziswa, kuze kube yisikhathi seNamhlanje, lapho sasetshenziselwa ukulingwa kwezinkondlo.
Ngokufanayo, i-sonnet iyinkondlo yase-Italiya eyethulwe impela eSpain ngenxa yabalandeli babalobi bangaphambilini. Kodwa-ke, ngekhulu le-XNUMX, abakwaMarquis baseSantillana base benze umzamo wokuqala wokumhlalisa eSpanish Ama-Sonnets abhalwe ngomalukeke.
Ukuzalwa kwinoveli yanamuhla
ESpain, amanoveli okuqala esimanje abeka izindinganiso zalolu hlobo yiLazarillo de Tormes, umsebenzi ongaziwa kusukela ngekhulu le-XNUMX, kanye noDon Quixote, obhalwe nguMiguel de Cervantes ngekhulu le-XNUMX. Le misebenzi emibili ihlukaniswe namanoveli adlule ngokuba ngokoqobo kwezindaba zabo, ukujula kwabalingiswa, namasu okulandisa asetshenzisiwe.
Umsuka wegama «inoveli»
Igama elithi noveli livela ku Igama lesiNtaliyane inovela, eyayichaza ukulandisa okufushane. ESpain, ekuqaleni yayinencazelo leyo eyahluka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuqoka ukulandisa kobude obukhulu nobunzima, incazelo enayo njengamanje.
Luyini udonga lwesine?
Kubizwa ngolimi lwaseshashalazini udonga lwesine ekwehlukaneni phakathi kokumelwa nezethameli, kubhekiswa odongeni olungekho enteji futhi oluvumela ababukeli ukuthi babone okwenzeka esiteji. Lolu donga lokucabanga alugcini nje ngokubeka umngcele ophathekayo phakathi kwabalingisi nezethameli, futhi luyisivumelwano sombhalo: luhlukanisa iqiniso kusuka ezinganekwaneni ezimelwe. Eminye imisebenzi yangaleso sikhathi yephula umkhawulo wodonga lwesine; abalingisi bangakhuluma noma bahlanganyele nomphakathi futhi lokhu kungafinyelela endaweni yesehlakalo.
Ukuzalwa komshini wokuphrinta nobudlelwano bawo ne-Humanism
El Ubuntu wazalelwa e-Italy njengenhlangano yezazi futhi wasakazeka kulo lonke elaseYurophu phakathi nekhulu le-XNUMX nele-XNUMX. Ama-humanists abuyisa isiko lakudala laseGrisi neRoma futhi akhuthaze ukwenziwa ngcono kwezilimi zomdabu zamazwe ahlukahlukene.
Ukusungulwa komshini wokuphrinta cishe nge-1450 yiJalimane Gutenberg Wenze umnikelo obalulekile ekusatshalalisweni kwemibono emisha. Abanikazi bemishini yokunyathelisa babevame ukuba ngabasebenzi besintu, abenza ama-workshops abo ama-academy ayiqiniso lapho kwakudingidwa khona imibhalo yakudala futhi kushintshaniswa imibono nemibono.
ESpain umuntu obaluleke kunabo bonke wesintu ngekhulu le-XNUMX kwakungu-Elio Antonio de Nebrija, umbhali ka Uhlelo lolimi lwesiCastilian.
Ucabangani ngale datha ehlobene nezincwadi? Uma unentshisekelo, sazise futhi sizokunikeza imininingwane ethe xaxa efana nalena namuhla.