Ebhekwa njenge "King of Terror," uStephen King (Portland, Maine, 1947) ungomunye wababhali abathengisa kakhulu bekhulu lama-XNUMX. Nge kuthengiswe izincwadi ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-350, umbhali weCarrie noma iThe Shining unempilo enokubi njengaleyo yamanoveli amenze waba yisithonjana semibhalo yangaleso sikhathi. Sihamba ngomkhumbi UStephen King biography nezincwadi ezihamba phambili.
UStephen King Biography
Wazalelwa emndenini owaziwa ngokushiywa nguyise lapho eneminyaka emibili kuphela, uStephen King wakhula nomfowabo uDavid nonina uRuth eMaine, e-Indiana noma eConnecticut. Isimo somndeni, esasibhekene nezinkinga ezinkulu zezezimali, saba yindawo enhle yengane engazinzile okwathi Waqala ukubhala izindaba esemncane futhi kamuva wazithengisa njengezindaba kulabo afunda nabo. Umsebenzi ongazange ubhekwe kahle ngabanye othisha abamphoqa ukuthi abuyise imali ayeyitholile.
Ukushintshela kwezincwadi ezethusayo uKing osemncane kwenzeka eneminyaka eyi-13, lapho ethola ibhokisi lamanoveli asabisayo ayengawikayise. Kusukela lapho waqala ukubhala izindaba ezahlukahlukene eziqanjiwe zesayensi azithumela komagazini abehlukene. Kodwa-ke, iningi lezincwadi lagcina liyilahla imibhalo yakhe kwaze kwaba i-In a Half-World of Terror, eyanyatheliswa kumagazini i-Comics Review, ikhathuni yakhe yokuqala ekhishwe yincwadi esemthethweni ngo-1965.
Ngemuva konyaka, waqala ukwenza izifundo zobuciko besiNgisi eNyuvesi yaseMaine ngenkathi esebenza amatoho ukukhokhela izifundo zakhe nokusiza umama wakhe ngezezimali. Izindaba ezahlukahlukene zavela kule minyaka, njengeThe Crusher noma iDamned Highway.
Ngo-1971, unyaka akwazi ngawo ukuthola iziqu, umbhali washada nombhali uThabitha King, ahlangana naye eNyuvesi. Ukuhlangabezana nokudalelwa kubhekwa ukuthi nguThabitha ngubani wasindiswa kudoti umsebenzi owawulahlwe ngumyeni wakhe ogama lakhe linguCarrie ukukukhuthaza ukuthi uqede. UKing akazange abone ngaphambili ukuthi ngemuva kokuhambisa lo mbhalo wesandla eDoubleday, wayezothola isipho sokushicilelwa ngesamba esingu- $ 2.500 sokukhokha. Isibalo esikhuphuke safinyelela ku- $ 400.000 kusuka ekuthengisweni kwamalungelo kuye kwinoveli.
Ukuphumelela kweNkosi phezulu kwaqondana izinkinga zakhe eziningi ngotshwala nezidakamizwa, ukuluthwa okuboniswa kubalingiswa abanjengoJack Torrance, umbhali omkhulu weThe Shining (1977). Ngenhlanhla, umbhali wanquma ukuhlanza ngokuphelele ngawo wonke ama-80.
Ngemisebenzi efana neThe Mystery of Salem's Lost (1975), The Dance of Death (1978), The Dead Zone (1979), Cujo (1981), Animal Cemetery (1983), It (1986) noma Misery (1987), Stephen INkosi ingaziqhayisa ngomunye wemisebenzi eqine kunayo yonke yezizukulwane zayo, ngoba ngaphezu kokuthengiswa kwezigidigidi kwamanoveli ayo, amaningi awo UCarrie, i-The Shining, Usizi, ukugqunywa ejele impilo noma okwakamuva kube yimidlalo evelele yamafilimu.
Umsebenzi omkhulu owacekelwa phansi ngenkathi ehlobo lika-1999 iNkosi yashayiswa yimoto futhi yahlinzwa ngaphezu kweshumi. Ukuphela kwamandla kwamholela ekutheni anciphise ukubhalwa kwemisebenzi yakhe futhi ahlanganise umsebenzi wakhe njengombhali wezinganekwane nekholamu yakhe kwi-Entertainment Weekly noma amaphrojekthi afana nokubhala amahlaya asuselwa kwisaga sakhe esidumile iThe Dark Tower.
Omunye we ababhali abahamba phambili bohlobo olwesabekayo amandla akhe aqinisekiswa yilezi zihloko ezilandelayo.
Izincwadi ezihamba phambili zikaStephen King
Carrie
Yize kungathathwa njenge umsebenzi omuhle kaStephen King, okufanekisela Carrie idlula umlingiswa wayo njengomsebenzi wokuqala noma ukujwayela isikrini esikhulu esashanela ngo-1976. Yindaba lapho ukungezwani kuqhubekela khona ku-crescendo equkethe intombazane encane, ebonakala inamahloni ukufutheka okungalawuleki kubonisa ubuzenzisi bomphakathi okhohlakele.
Apocalypse
Inganekwane ethengiswa kakhulu kunazo zonke yiNkosi yakhishwa ngo-1978 ukuze idunyiswe ngokujulile futhi ithengise kakhulu. Ihlelwe ngo-1990 futhi ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezintathu, le noveli isitshela ngemiphumela yegciwane elikhulelwe njengesikhali segciwane esigcina sisabalale emhlabeni wonke. Abalingiswa besakhiwo banamaphupho ajwayelekile lapho kuvela khona insizwa nesalukazi okubashukumisela ukuba baye eNebraska ukuyolwa nesidalwa esinyanyekayo sakho konke lokhu Apocalypse.
Ukukhanya
Enye ye- imisebenzi edume kakhulu kaStephen King ifaka enye yezinhlamvu zayo ezivelele kakhulu: UJack Torrance, umbhali wotshwala othatha isinqumo sokuhamba nonkosikazi wakhe kanye nendodana yakhe baye eOverlock Hotel ukuze bambeke iso ngesikhathi sasebusika. Indawo yokuhlala eyedlule ihlanganisa abaphansi kanye nemicimbi ezoguqula ukuvumelana kwalo mndeni ongaphelele kangako. Incwadi, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1977, Yashintshelwa ifilimu nguStanley Kubrick ngo-1980 edlala indawo kaJack Nicholson. Ngaphandle kokubuyekezwa okuhle kwale filimu, uKing akazange aneliseke ngokuphelele ngokulungiswa.
Ungathanda ukufunda Ukukhanya?
It
Ngemuva kwempumelelo yokulungiswa kwefilimu ekhishwe ngo-2017, enye ye- Amanoveli we-80s ebheji owesabekayo uhlangabezane nokuvuka okusikhumbuza ukuthi kungani It Ungomunye wabalingiswa abasabisayo emibhalweni. Ishicilelwe ngo-1986, le ndaba ihlelwe ngezikhathi ezimbili: ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-50 nango-1985, unyaka lapho iqembu le- "Abalahlekile" labuyela khona edolobheni labo, iDerry, ukuyobhekana nomuntu onesihluku owayezifihle njengehlaya elihlala indle.
Usizi
Sengathi kwakungukubikezelwa kwengxabano iNkosi eyayihlupheka kuyo ngo-1999, umlingiswa ophambili we Usizi, umbhali wenoveli yezothando uPaul Sheldon, owathi ngemuva kokuthola ingozi yemoto wavuka ekhaya lika-Annie Wilkies, umhlengikazi ozibiza njengomuntu othanda umsebenzi wakhe; kangangoba ugcina ngokubeka intando yakhe ekwakheni umsebenzi olandelayo lapho uSheldon ecwiliswa khona. Inoveli ethole izindawo eziphakeme ezesabekayo kakhulu ngemuva kokukhonjiswa kwe-1990 ifilimu lapho UKathy Bates uwine i-Oscar ye-Best Actress ngokuzalwa kwakhe kuka-Annie wobusathane.
Ngokucabanga kwakho, yiziphi izincwadi ezihamba phambili zikaStephen King?