Abadabukisayo

UVictor Hugo, umbhali weLes Misérables

ILes Miserables ingenye yamanoveli akudala aheha angaphezu kwelilodwa. Ngendaba egcwele uthando, impi, ukukhaphela, ukuxolelwa, ukuhlengwa, ukukhohlisa ... nezinye izakhi eziningi ezahlukahlukene, kwaba yisisekelo sochungechunge lwethelevishini (ngisho nakwabancane), amabhayisikobho, ngisho nomculo.

Kodwa, Yini oyaziyo ngeLes Misérables? Ingabe umlingiswa oyinhloko wayekhona ngempela? Noma ukuthi yabhalwa ngesikhathi esasithonya umbhali wayo? Futhi ngubani umbhali walo msebenzi obaluleke kakhulu wekhulu le-XNUMX? Uzokwazi konke lokho nokuningi ngezansi.

UVictor Hugo, umbhali weLes Misérables

Yonke incwadi ino "baba" okunguyena oyidala ngomcabango (yize abaningi bethi abalingiswa ngokwabo bahlebela izindaba zabo). Uma kunjalo, ubaba kaLes Miserables uyimbongi nomlobi uVictor Hugo.

Kodwa wayengubani uVictor Hugo?

UVictor Marie Hugo wayengumbhali waseFrance owazalwa ngo-1802 eBesançon. Umncane kunabo bonke abafowethu abathathu, wachitha bonke ubuntwana bakhe phakathi kweParis neNaples ngenxa yomsebenzi kayise (wayengumphathi woMbuso WaseFrance). Ngo-1811, abazali bakhe bamthumela eMadrid, lapho ezochitha khona, kanye nomfowabo, inkathi esikoleni sokufundela ukukholwa (indawo yokuhlala eyayisesikoleni iSan Antón).

Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, bahlala nomama wabo eParis, owayehlukanisile nomyeni wakhe, ngokusobala ngenxa yokungathembeki kwakhe kuGeneral Victor Lahorie (unkulunkulukazi kaVictor Hugo nomfundisi wakhe). Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside ngoba, ngo-1815, bobabili uVictor nomunye umfowabo, u-Eugène, bavalelwa impesheni yaseCordier iminyaka emithathu. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho isici sokudala siqala ukuchuma kuye, sibhala amavesi athile. Lapho, imibhalo yakhe iyalungiswa nguthisha osemncane, futhi ifundwe bobabili umfowabo nonina, abagcina ukuxhumana nabo.

Imibhalo yakuqala kaVictor Hugo igxile ezinkondlweni, ngisho nasekubambeni iqhaza emincintiswaneni (empeleni, eyokuqala ayizange iyinqobe ngoba ijaji lalicabanga ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuthi eminyakeni yakhe engenza okuthile okufana nalokho akubhala). Ekhuthazwe yile mpumelelo, waqala umsebenzi wakhe wokubhala, owawuhluke kakhulu, ngoba wayengagxili kuphela ezinkondlweni, kodwa futhi wadlala nezinye izinhlobo ezinjengethiyetha, inoveli (ebhalwe ekudingisweni) ...

Ekugcineni, washonela eParis ngo-1885 ngemuva kokuphila okugcwele amahla-ndinyuka amaningi.

Isifinyezo kanye nesifinyezo sezincwadi ze-Les Miserables

Isifinyezo kanye nesifinyezo sezincwadi ze-Les Miserables

I-Les Miserables yinoveli ehlanganiswe nohlobo lwezothando. Kodwa-ke, uya kude kakhulu, ngoba ngomsebenzi wakhe uhlanganyela ekuhlukaneni phakathi kokuhle nokubi, ngasikhathi sinye lapho ekhuluma nathi ngezepolitiki, ubulungiswa, inkolo, njll. Isikhathi somlando abahlala kuso, Ukuhlubuka kukaJuni 1832, nezinguquko ezalandela kwezepolitiki, kwakwakha uhlamvu ngalunye, kepha umbhali uphinde ahlaziye izinkolelo zaleso sikhathi.

Umsebenzi wakhiwa imiqulu ephelele emihlanu. Batshela indaba kaJean Valjean nabanye abalingiswa abahlobene naye.

Incwadi ngayinye inegama, ngakho-ke, uhlangana nayo: UFantine, uCosette, uMarius, i-Idyll waseRue Plumet kanye ne-epic yeRue Saint-Denis; noJean Valjean.

Into ehlukanisa lo msebenzi iqiniso lokuthi ukuthuthuka kwesikhathi, ngendlela yokuthi sibona ukuvela kwezinhlamvu ezahlukahlukene nokuthi zikhula kanjani futhi zikhula kanjani njengoba izehlakalo zenzeka (khumbula ukuthi kwenzeka esikhathini esiyiminyaka engama-20, lapho izingane zikhula khona, umlingiswa oyinhloko ukhula emdala…).

Amazwibela enoveli (kaPlaneta) afundeka kanjena: Inoveli ephelele. Umphakathi waseFrance wangekhulu le-XNUMX ulandisa ngokusuka enkulumweni yezenhlalo, zomlando, ezengqondo nezinkondlo.

UJean Valjean wayekade eyisiboshwa. Lapho efika edolobheni lakwa-D, esendleleni eya edolobheni langakubo futhi ethula ipasipoti yakhe - lapho abhalwe khona njengowayeyisiboshwa futhi "eyindoda eyingozi" - ehholo ledolobha, akekho noyedwa owamukelayo futhi umphakele, ngaphandle kukaDon Bienvenido, umpristi. Ekhaphela umvikeli wakhe, uValjean untshontsha izinto zakhe zesiliva, kodwa uboshwa endaweni eseduze, amyise phambi kompristi. UDon Bienvenido uthatha isinqumo sokungambiki, kepha uthatha isithembiso kuye: ukusebenzisa lokho akuthathe ukuze abe yindoda elungile.

Emlandweni wezincwadi iLes Miserables ithatha indawo enelungelo. Mhlawumbe ngoba uVictor Hugo akagcinanga nje ngokunakekela ukulandisa, njengoba labo ababemandulele babenzile, kodwa futhi ngokuzithandela wafuna imodeli engathathwa njengenoveli ephelele, iqondwe njengohlobo olwanele lwemibhalo ukuze akwazi ukusho konke ngakho konke; uhlobo, ekuphetheni, olwenzelwe umuntu nezwe lanamuhla.

"Ikusasa linamagama amaningi. Ngoba ababuthakathaka yinto engatholakali. Okwesabekayo, okungaziwa. Futhi kwabanesibindi yithuba. »

Abalingiswa abakhulu

Abalingiswa abaphambili Les Misérables

Ngaphakathi kweLes Misérables, kunezinhlamvu eziningi ezigqamile futhi eziyingxenye yokuvela kwabanye. Kodwa-ke, singagqamisa ezinye njengezizinhloko, futhi lokhu kungaba okulandelayo:

UJean valjean

Ungumlingiswa oyinhloko wawo wonke umsebenzi. Wayesejele ngoba webe isinkwa Futhi ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa, lapho esekhululiwe, wonke umuntu uyamdelela ngokuba yisoka langaphambili. Yingakho ephethe ipasipoti ephuzi, "isigwebo" sakhe sempilo yonke.

Inhloso yakhe ukuguqula impilo yakhe, futhi into yokuqala ayenzayo ukuzama ukushintsha ubuwena, ngoba ngaleyo ndlela angaqala impilo entsha. Kodwa-ke, u-Inspector Javert kungekudala uyamthola futhi amdalule, aqale ukuthungathwa njengoba ekholelwa ukuthi unecala lokuningi.

UJean Valjean wangempela

Okuthile okungaziwa abaningi, nokuthi bakubhekise kuphi ku-National Geographic, ukuthi lo mlingiswa, UJean Valjean, kanye noMhloli Javert, empeleni bangumuntu ofanayo empeleni. Eqinisweni, uVictor Hugo waphefumulelwa ngumuntu oyedwa kubo bobabili abalingiswa. Sikhuluma ngo-Eugène François Vidocq.

Lo muntu wayeyisiboshwa sangaphambili esasazi ukuhlenga amaphutha akhe esikhathini esedlule, waba ngusomabhizinisi owaziwayo. Futhi nasekhanda lezokuphepha likazwelonke laseFrance, kanye nomphenyi wangasese wokuqala obhalisiwe. Kulungile, amakhono akhe amakhulu okuzifihla amsiza ukuthi angene kunoma yiliphi iqembu lezigebengu futhi, yize ubuso bakhe babaziwa, lokho akuzange kumvimbe ekuqhubekeni nokusebenza njengomuntu ongena ngaphakathi kwezigebengu.

Ngalesi sizathu, iVidocq "yayiyimyuziyemu" eyavumela uVictor Hugo ukuthi enze uhlamvu oluphindwe kabili, iqhawe nokuphikisana kwakhe, ngaphandle kokubona ukuthi, empeleni, kwakufana.

UFantina

UFantina uyintombazane eneminyaka engu-15 kuphela. Ngokuthandana nendoda egcina imlahlile, iyakhulelwa futhi kumele ashiye indodakazi yakhe nomndeni ayozifunela umsebenzi. Uhlangana noJean Valjean ngoba usebenza efemini, kodwa uyaxoshwa lapho bethola ukuthi ungumama wentombazane.

Ngaleso sikhathi, usala engenakho okunye angakwenza ngaphandle kokuzifeba athengise izinwele zakhe ukuze azondle.

ICossette

Uyindodakazi kaFantina. Umndeni omnakekelayo umphatha kabi, umphoqa ukuthi asebenze yize esemdala. Noma kunjalo, UValljean uyamsindisa. Ukhokhela umndeni wentombazane futhi ayihambise lapho bezibeka khona njengobaba nendodakazi.

i-javert

U-Inspector Javert uyazi uJean Valjean ngoba wayengunogada wasejele ngesikhathi esejele. Lapho ephinda ehlangana futhi, uJavert uyabona ukuthi ushintshile ubuwena, futhi usola ukuthi wenza lokho ngoba ebalekela ubulungiswa.

Ngakho-ke, inhloso ukuyibamba.

Umbhishobhi

Ungumuntu onethonya kuValjean ukuthi azihlenge esikhathini sakhe esedlule futhi abe yindoda enhle.

Marius

Umthandi kaCossette.

Umongo weLes Misérables

Umongo weLes Misérables

Khumbula ukuthi usuku lomsebenzi nesikhathi owabhalwa ngalo awahambelani. UVictor Hugo wabhala iLes Miserables ngo-1862, ezimpini ezigcwele zamaNapoleon ezazenziwa ukuzama ukunqoba iFrance. Kodwa-ke, usuku incwadi ebekwe ngalo lungaphambilini. Yize kunjalo, umbhali uqobo wasebenzisa amava akhe, nezinkumbulo zobusha bakhe, ukuyiphinda le ndaba, eyathinta nezinye izihlokwana ezibalulekile ezinjengokwehluka kwezigaba, ubumpofu, ukungasebenzi, uthando nezinguquko.

Ukukunika umbono, umqulu wokuqala usibeka ku-1815, unyaka lapho ukubuyiselwa kobukhosi kwenzeka khona. Okulandelayo kuhamba phambili ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kukhunjulwa izehlakalo zomlando, ezinjengezinguquko zika-1830 no-1848, ezenzeka kulo lonke elaseYurophu.

Ngokwengxenye yayo, emqulwini wokugcina sizozithola ngo-1835, unyaka u-Valjean adlula ngawo emhlabeni.

Ukushintshwa Kwama-Les Misérables

Injalo impumelelo kaLes Miserables, yokuthi le ndaba iguqulwe yaba uchungechunge, amabhayisikobho ngisho nemidlalo noma umculo.

Abanye babamele kakhulu nabaziwa kakhulu yilaba abalandelayo:

  • Umsebenzi womculo Con izinkanuko zenjabulo nenjabulo, kaManuel de Falla, ngokususelwa kumaLos miseables.
  • Les Miserables nguCameron Mackintosh, owayedlala uNick Jonas endimeni kaMarius
  • Ifilimu elithulile Les Misérables, 1907.
  • Ifilimu lika-1958 likaJean-Paul Le Chanois.
  • Uchungechunge lwezingane lwegama elifanayo.
  • UCosette, naye uchungechunge lwezingane kusuka ngo-1977
  • IMusical Les Misérables, kaTom Hooper noHugh Jackman, uRussell Crowe, u-Anne Hathaway, u-Amanda Seyfried nabanye abalingisi.
  • Izinsizakalo zethelevishini zika-Andrew Davies ngo-2018.

Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula

Shiya umbono wakho

Ikheli lakho le ngeke ishicilelwe. Ezidingekayo ibhalwe nge *

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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.