Kukhona ababhali abaningi beSpanishi Romanticism. ESpain kwakuyisikhathi esihle kakhulu sezincwadi futhi abaningi babona lesi sikhathi njengethuba lokugxilisa isithakazelo encwadini yezinkondlo, egcwele imizwa nemizwa.
Nakuba singasho ukuthi baningi ababemataniswa nale nkathi yeRomanticism, abanye bagqama kakhulu kunabanye. Kodwa, i-Romanticism yayibonakala kanjani? Yibaphi ababhali beSpanishi Romanticism ababe nomthelela omkhulu? Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi ungaba kanjani yingxenye yomlando nemibhalo, sizobe sesikwambulela konke.
Iyini iSpanishi Romanticism
Ngaphambi kokukhuluma nawe ngababhali beSpanish Romanticism, kufanele wazi ukuthi sisho ukuthini nge-Romanticism nokuthi zaziyini izici zayo.
I-Romanticism kwakuyinhlangano eyavela ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili kodwa ayizange ifike eSpain kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kwalelo khulu leminyaka futhi ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX. Isici esikhulu kunazo zonke sale nhlangano kwakuwukufuna ukuhlukana ne-neoclassicism. Ngamanye amazwi, ukubheja ngephupho nokuveza ngamazwi imizwakokubili umbhali nabalingiswa.
Esinye sezici eziyinhloko ze-Romanticism vikela inkululeko kanye nobuhle balokho okungaphelele. Empeleni kwakuyimpi phakathi kokuphelele, kwendabuko kanye nekhophi (okwakuyinhlangano yangaphambilini) yokungapheleli, isimanje kanye nokuqala.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Romanticism ibilokhu ihlotshaniswa nemizwa, i-melancholy, uthando, kodwa futhi nemfihlakalo, ifantasy, i-ethereal kanye nokuba khona yonke indawo.
Yibaphi ababhali be-romanticism yaseSpain ababekhona
Sisebenzisa iWikipedia, senze inhlanganisela yawo wonke amagama aphumayo futhi ahlobene neSpanishi Romanticism. Ikakhulukazi, uhlu, olungafushane, lune:
- URosario de Acuña
- Thomas Aguilo
- U-Antonio Alcala Galiano
- UJose Amador de los Ríos
- Jose Maria de Andueza
- UFrancisco Anon
- UJuan Venancio Araquistain
- Juan Ariza
- Ermine Robustiana
- UJuan Arolas Bonet
- UTeresa Arroniz noBosch
- UJulia de Asensi
- Eduardo Asquerino
- Eusebio Asquerino
- Theodosius Ausin
- Baltasar Martinez Duran
- UMaria Dolores Basbonald
- UGustavo Adolfo Becquer
- USalvador Bermudez de Castro y Diez
- Ukuxhaswa kweBiedma neLa Moneda
- U-Antonio de Bofarull
- UJuan Nicolas Böhl de Faber
- Vicente Boux
- Joaquin Maria Bover de Rosselló
- UManuel Breton de los Herreros
- UJuan José Bueno noLeroux
- URosa Butler noMendieta
- UFermin Knight
- Manuel Cabanyes
- UMaria Cabezudo Chalons
- UDolores Cabrera noHeredia
- Pedro Calvo Asensio
- albert way
- UManuel Cañete
- UJose de Castro no-Orozco
- Joaquin Jose Matterhorn
- UCarolina Coronado
- UJohn Cut
- Leopoldo Augusto de Cueto
- URosalia de Castro
- UJose Zorrilla
- UManuel Juan Diana
- Jose Maria Diaz
- UNicomedes Pastor Diaz
- U-Agustin Duran
- Patrick wase-Escosura
- UJose de Espronceda
- USerafin Estebanez Calderon
- Antolin Faraldo
- Augusto Ferran
- U-Antonio Ferrer del Rio
- U-Antonio Flores (umbhali)
- Joaquina Garcia Balmaseda
- UCarlos Garcia Doncel
- U-Antonio Garcia Gutierrez
- UVcenta Garcia Miranda
- UGabriel Garcia Tassara
- UJose Garcia de Villalta
- UPascual de Gayangos no-Arce
- U-Enrique Gil noCarrasco
- U-Isidore Gil noBaus
- U-Antonio Gil noZarate
- Conception Gimeno de Flaquer
- UGertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda
- UJohane wasePezuela
- UFrancisco Gonzalez Elipe
- Angela Grassi
- UJuan Eugenio Hartzenbusch
- UJohn Leandro Jimenez
- I-Modesto Lafuente
- UMariano José de Larra
- Santos Lopez-Pelegrin
- URamon Lopez Soler
- U-Enriqueta Lozano
- Federico Madrazo
- Pedro de Madrazo kanye Kuntz
- UFrancisco Martinez de la Rosa
- UJuan Martinez Villergas
- UMaria Josefa Massane
- UMaria Mendoza de Vives
- URamon de Mesonero Romanos
- UManuel Mila kanye ne-Fontanals
- UJose Joaquin de Mora
- URamon Navarrete
- UFrancisco Navarro Villoslada
- UJose de Negrete noCepeda
- U-Antonio Neira de Mosquera
- Eugene de Ochoa
- Louis wase-Olona
- Joaquin Francisco Pacheco
- UJohn Perez Calvo
- UPascual Perez Rodriguez
- Pedro Jose Pidal
- UPaul Piferrer
- UJohn Manuel Pintos
- Jose Maria Posada
- UMiguel Agustin Principe
- Jose Maria Quadrado
- UJuan Rico no-Amat
- UMbusi waseRivas
- UMariano Roca de Togores
- UTomas Rodriguez Rubi
- Gregorio Romero de Larranaga
- U-Antonio Ros de Olano
- Jose Rua Figueroa
- Joaquim Rubió and Ors
- UVincent Ruiz Llamas
- UFaustina Saez de Melgar
- Jacinto de Salas futhi Quiroga
- UMaria Antonia Salva
- UMiguel de los Santos Alvarez
- U-Eulogio Florentino Sanz
- Jose Somoza
- Gabino Roof
- I-Telesforo yaseTrueba
- U-Luis Valladares noGarriga
- I-Ventura de la Vega
Ababhali abavelele kakhulu beSpanishi Romanticism
Njengoba bekungeke kwenzeke ukukutshela ngabo bonke ababhali be-Spanish Romanticism, sifuna ukuthi uhlangane nabavelele nabavelele ngaleso sikhathi.
URosalia de Castro
Umthombo: Izwi likaGalicia
Umbhali wenoveli nombhali wezinkondlo. Wazalelwa eSantiago de Compostela futhi Ungomunye wababhali abamele kakhulu ababa nomthelela ngqo ku-Romanticism.
Kusuka kuye singahlangana isebenza ngeSpanishi nesiGalician (Esinye sezizathu kwakungenxa yokuthi i-Romanticism ngokwayo yayizabalaza ukuveza leyo mizwa yobuzwe, okungukuthi, “izwe lakubo” ababhali balo).
Miningi imisebenzi kaRosalía de Castro, kodwa uma kufanele sigqamise ezinye, mhlawumbe zingaba uCantares Gallegos (amaqhawe amasha) o osebeni lweSar. Empeleni noma yini oyifundayo izoba yinhle.
UJose Zorrilla
imbongi nombhali wemidlalo yeshashalazi. Kwakungelinye lamagama azwakala kakhulu eSpanishi Romanticism kanye kushiye umaka omkhulu ethiyetha ikakhulukazi.
Kuthiwa lokho wayenomoya ovusa inkanuko nowocansi, y er wathonya ngokuqondile imisebenzi yakhe efana nekaDon Juan Tenorio. Kodwa kwakukhona nabanye ababenaleyo ngxenye yombhali njenge Isicathulo kanye nenkosi noma iTraitor, engavunywanga futhi efela ukholo.
UMariano José de Larra
Umthombo: Okufanele ufunde
Njengokuhle intatheli kwakunjani, imisebenzi yakhe ibilokhu ine-costumbrismo ethile kodwa, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ibuye ibe yindida nokugxeka mayelana nokuthi kwakuyini okwedlule (neoclassicism) nokuthi yini eyayivela esikhathini esizayo (Romanticism). Imibhalo yakhe esaphila bamele owabo umbono "wothando" ngomhlaba, kodwa futhi okunye ukubhuqa. Ubhale izindatshana nezindatshana ezingaphezu kuka-200 kodwa namanoveli. Futhi akasebenzisanga igama lakhe kuphela kodwa wabuye wasebenzisa amanye amagama angelona iqiniso “ayinqaba” afana noDuende, uFígaro noma u-Bachiller.
Njengezincomo ezivela kuye singakucaphuna U-Castilian Omdala, Buya kusasa noma Shada maduze futhi kabi.
UJose de Espronceda
Sidlulisela komunye umbhali, kulokhu poeta, kodwa nombhali wenoveli. Eqinisweni, lokhu kwakamuva yilokho aziwa kakhulu ngakho.
Wazalelwa e-Badajoz, ikakhulukazi e-Almendralejo kanye ingelinye lamagama afanele ngaphakathi kwababhali beSpanish Romanticism.
Ube ngomunye wabokuqala ukujoyina le nhlangano futhi wakwenza ezwakalisa leyo ntshisekelo nomoya wenkululeko ezinkondlweni zakhe, kodwa nasempilweni yakhe yansuku zonke. Eqinisweni, kuthiwa ngaye "wayengumuntu okhululekile oshisayo." "Wazikhulula" kangangokuthi, eneminyaka engu-15, bekungowenhlangano eyimfihlolanxa bamxotsha. Wabuye wabamba iqhaza ezinsukwini ze-1830 eParis.
Ngokuqondene nemisebenzi yakhe, singagqamisa I-Pirate Song, Umfundi waseSalamanca noma u-Sancho Saldaña.
UGustavo Adolfo Becquer
Umthombo: webmail
Naphezu kwaleli gama "elingelona iSpanishi", empeleni wazalelwa eSpain. Empeleni, kwakungelona igama lakhe langempela; igama lakhe kwakunguGustavo Adolfo Claudio Domínguez Bastida. Kodwa ukuze afinyeze futhi anikeze igama lakhe ngaphezulu "ukunambitheka", wanquma ukuyibeka kanjalo.
Empilweni yakhe akazange aphumelele kakhulu, kodwa ngemva kokufa kwakhe konke kwashintsha futhi imibhalo yakhe cishe yonke ingeye-post-romatic.
Kuyo ungahlangana imibhalo ehlobene nothando, ezigabeni ezihlukene zobudlelwane kodwa futhi mayelana nokuhlupheka nokufa.
Siyamncoma AmaRhymes nezinganekwane.
Angel Saavedra
Kwaziwa kangcono ngokuthi UMbusi weRivas. Ubeyimbongi kanye nombhali wemidlalo kanye nalesi sicukuthwane saseCordovan kwakungelinye lamagama azwakala kakhulu ku-Spanish Romanticism.
Kodwa akugcini nje ngokugqama ngesici sayo sombhalo. Ngaphezu kokuba nguDuke weRivas, wayephinde abe waba nguMongameli kaHulumeni (yize lokhu kumdlalise izinsuku ezimbili kuphela). Futhi Wayengumdwebi, isazi-mlando kanye nesazi sombuso.
Ngokuqondene nemisebenzi yakhe, singakugqamisa U-Don Álvaro kanye ne-force of fate, i-Aliatar noma i-lighthouse yase-Malta.
Manje usuyazi ababhali beSpanishi Romanticism, kokubili uhlu olukhulu kanye nabanye abamele kakhulu. Ingabe ufunde noma yikuphi?