Kuncane kakhulu okusele ekugujweni kwe- isentienario kwesinye sezehlakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu zekhulu elidlule. I- Okthoba Revolution ka-1917 eRussia kwaphawulwa emlandweni wesintu. Isikhathi esihle sokubukeza ezinye ze- amagama amakhulu yemibhalo ebanzi futhi ekhethekile yaseRussia. Ngakho-ke siya ngaphambili, kufayela le- Ngekhulu le-XNUMX, lapho ababalisi bathanda khona Pushkin, Afanásiev noma eChekhov bahlala befanelwe ukubukeka.
Alexander Pushkin - Indodakazi kaKaputeni
Imbongi, umbhali wemidlalo yokudlala nombhali wamanoveli, uPushkin uthathwa njenge- umsunguli wemibhalo yanamuhla yaseRussia. Umsebenzi wakhe wakhelwe ngaphakathi kwe- ezothando. Wayeyiphayona futhi ekusetshenzisweni kwe- ngolimi lwendabuko emisebenzini yakhe nasezitayeleni zakhe kuxubana idrama, ezothando nokubhuqa.
Indodakazi kaKaputeni Kuyinto a inoveli yomlando, yize ekhuluma ngemicimbi cishe yesimanje kaPushkin. Kubhekwa njenge- enye yezinto ezinhle kakhulu ezincwadini zaseRussia. Yashicilelwa ekuqaleni ngo 1836 kumagazini wesine kamagazini wezincwadi Isimanje y isitshela ngamanga Ukuvukelwa Kwangempela kukaPugachov kwenzeke phakathi kuka-1773 no-1774.
Abalingiswa abaphambili nguPu-iotr Griniov noMaria Ivanovna, ondaba yabo yothando ihamba ngokushayisana okuhlukahlukene, kusukela ekuvukeleni kwe-Pugachev kuya ekugcineni kwayo, no-Empress Catherine esihlalweni sobukhosi. Ukuvinjezelwa, ukulwa, ubungani nokukhashelwa, izitha ezithi kamuva zibe abangane futhi okuphambene nalokho, ama-duels nokusindisa. Kepha ngaphezu kwakho konke leyo ndaba yothando efika ekugcineni ekugcineni.
Alexander Afanasiev - Izindaba ezingavunyelwe zaseRussia
I-Afanásiev (1826-1871) yaziwa nangokuthi i- "I-Russian Grimm". Kungenzeka ukuthi lokhu ukuqoqwa kwezindaba kungukuthi, eduze kwaleyo eyenziwe yizelamani zakwaGrimm, ende kunazo zonke ezikhona. Noma kunjalo, okuqukethwe kwayo akufani neze nemibhalo yeGrimm.
I-Los Izindaba ezingavunyelwe zaseRussia iqoqo lezindaba ezimfushane eziqoqwe umbhali kusuka ezindabeni ezilandelanayo zesigaba esiphakathi nesiphansi seRussia yekhulu le-XNUMX. Kubandakanya izindaba ezimfushane zaseRussia, zase-Ukraine nezaseBelarus futhi yaqala ukushicilelwa phakathi kuka-1855 no-1863. Ikhophi yokuqala yashicilelwa eGeneva ngo-1872, unyaka owodwa ngemuva kokushona kombhali.
Lezi zindaba kokuqukethwe kwe-eschatological kanye nezocansi ezingaphezulu kwezocansi, futhi banokuthinta amahlaya nokuphikisana nabefundisi, okwakusho ukuthi umsebenzi ihlolwe eRussia yasebukhosini. Ezinye izindaba (ezinezihloko ezingaphezu kwezingacacile) ezibandakanyayo yilezi: Owesifazane nebhere Intwala kanye namazeze, Isidunu nembongolo, Geza imbongolo!, Umshado wesiwula, Iqhude elishisayo, Umhlangano wokuqala wesoka nentombi, Intokazi ejabulile, iNdaba yompristi owazala ithole, Ngifudumale! Kanjalo kuze kube Izindaba ezingama-78.
U-Anton Chekhov - Izindaba zokuqala
IChekhov ibhekwa umphathi omkhulu wenganekwane waseRussia. Wayengudokotela, umbhali nombhali wemidlalo yokudlala futhi efakiwe kwi okwengeziwe ngokwengqondo kokungokoqobo kanye nemvelo. Wayephethe indaba emfushane ngokungafani nomunye umuntu futhi ungomunye wababhali ababaluleke kakhulu hhayi kuphela abaseRussia bekhulu le-XNUMX.
Kusukela ngo-1879 uChekhov wafundela ubudokotela e-University of Moscow. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho aqala khona ukuhlanganyela ekubhaleni omagazini abehlukahlukene. Wabuye wadweba lezi izindaba zokuqala, okuvele ukuthi kushicilelwe ephephandabeni oskolki, Petersburg iphephandaba. UChekhov ushone ngoJulayi 15, 1904 e-spa yaseJalimane iBadenweiler ngenxa yesifo sofuba eneminyaka engama-44.
Kuzo zonke lezi zindaba ungabona ukuthi ukuphatha ku ama-nuances angokomzwelo nasekubonisweni kwengqondo kwabalingiswa. Ukhethe ukuthi a indlela ebucayi emibhalweni yabo, eyi kugcwele ukuzwela nokuhlekisa. Izindaba zakhe, ezilula futhi ezisheshayo ngethoni, zisenza simomotheka. Kepha kulapho siqeda ukufunda lapho lawo mahlaya aphenduka ukwethuka lapho siqonda ukuthi nathi silubonile lonke usizi lwemvelo yomuntu.
Abanye izihloko zezindaba yilezi: (1883) Isibuko esigobile, Injabulo, ilobolo, Indodakazi ka-Albion, I-calumny, Olwandle (indaba yetilosi), Ukubonisana. (1884) Umhlobiso. Abahlabeleli, Ukuhlinzwa, Kusuka epanini lokuthosa kuya emakhazeni. (1885) Uniform KaKaputeni, Isidumbu, Umzingeli, Umbhali, Isibuko, Inja Ebizayo.