Yebo yamantombazane

Yebo yamantombazane Kuyinto yamahlaya ebaluleke kakhulu yeshashalazi ye-neoclassicism yaseSpain. Ngakho-ke, imelela imontage ephumelele kakhulu emabhodini ayo yonke iNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia phakathi nekhulu le-24. Lesi siqephu saqala ukukhonjiswa ngoJanuwari 1806, 37.000 eMadrid. Sekukonke, izibalo zilinganisela ukuba khona kwababukeli ababalelwa ku-XNUMX emasontweni ayisikhombisa angenaziphazamiso eLa Cruz Theatre.

Kanye nokusebenza okuhlaba umxhwele ehhovisi lamabhokisi, isihloko naso saba yinto yokuhlela. Kangangokuthi unyaka ngaphambi kokuqala kwawo, okungenani ama-edishini amabili ayesevele esatshalaliswa. Futhi, ngo-1806 kwanyatheliswa amasethi amakhophi amaningana. kokubili eSpain nasezizweni ezinjengeFrance ne-Italy. Lokhu kuvumele izinkampani eziningana ukuthi zithuthukise eyazo imihlangano. Eqinisweni, kwenziwa ngisho ngaphandle kokwazisa umbhali.

ULeandro Fernández de Moratín: ungqondongqondo

ULeandro Fernández de Moratín Ungomunye wababhali bokudlala baseSpain abanethonya kakhulu emakhulwini eminyaka adlule futhi oyisethenjwa ngaphakathi kweCastilian Enlightenment. Wazalelwa eMadrid ngo-Mashi 10, 1760, emndenini ohloniphekile wase-Asturias. Yini enye, ubaba wakhe wayeyimbongi uNicolás Fernández de Moratín. Lokhu bekumele isikhuthazi esiyinhloko sokungena emhlabeni wezinhlamvu.

Ngesikhathi esengumntwana futhi esakhula, Isimo sezempilo sikaLeandro esintekenteke samenza waba namahloni kakhulu futhi wahoxa. Ngalesi sizathu, izincwadi zaba yisiphephelo sakhe kanye nefasitela lakhe lokwazi umhlaba. Ekugcineni, imibhalo yakhe yaba yindlela yokukhombisa nokugubha ubukhona bakhe emhlabeni.

Umbhali wokudlala we-neoclassicism yaseSpain

Imbongi evelele nomlobi wezokuvakasha, uFernández de Moratín wathola indlela ayithandayo yokukhuluma emdlalweni. Umbhali ukhethe amahlaya, okuyisimo esiyingozi kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Futhi yebo, sikhuluma ngezikhathi eziseduze ngokulandelana kokuphela kwe- I-Spanish Golden Age. Ngokwengeziwe, inkathi yasendulo yayigcwalise isiteji ngezingcezu ezinkulu (ikakhulukazi).

Amahlaya njengomthombo ocacile

Ngenxa yokuqala kwakhe nokuzimisela, umbhali wemidlalo waseMadrid wangena emlandweni njengombhali wezingcezu ezazimele kakhulu kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX nasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX. Ngendlela efanayo, ubenesibindi sokucabanga ngokubaluleka kokwenza umphakathi ucabange ngokuhleka.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uFernández de Moratín wakhombisa inkomba yezenzo ezilula nezansuku zonke. Ngoba - ngokombono wabo - ngaphandle kokujabulisa nokujabulisa, bashiya izifundo zokuhlaziya nokufunda. Njengababhali abaningi bokudlala bezikhathi ezandulelayo, wayeqonda indawo yaseshashalazini njengombukiso onomsebenzi wokufundisa nokuziphatha.

Ukulula esiteji

Umbhali wokudlala uwasebenzise kahle ama-neuralgic theatre postulates we-Enlightenment: ubulula nobunye, ngaphezu kwakho konke. Lapho okufana nedisgesis nokudlula kwamahora "wangempela" kufana, esikhathini esithile. Ngakho-ke, i-ellipsis noma izikhawu zenzeka ngesikhathi sokushintsha kwesigcawu.

Lokho wukuthi, zonke izenzo zenzeka esikhaleni esisodwa. Izingxoxo nezenzo zidlulela kumasethi nemiphumela ekhethekile. Lapho, abalingiswa bayo baphendula (noma bafuna ukuphendula) ekwakhiweni kwesizathu. Ngakho-ke, noma iyiphi indlela yezinkolelo-ze (ehambisana nokungazi umbhali) noma eyenkolo ngokuphelele iyaxoshwa.

Yebo yamantombazane, umsebenzi onempikiswano ngaphambi kwesikhathi sawo

Ungathenga incwadi lapha: Yebo yamantombazane

Zonke izici zesitayela ezichazwe ezigabeni ezimbili ezedlule ziyabonakala ku Yebo yamantombazane. Ngokulandelana, ingxenye yezindawo ezilondolozeka kakhulu zomphakathi waseMadrid iveze ukungakhululeki ngemibono evezwe ngabalingiswa yale ngcezu. Yize, ngenkathi ikhishwa yayingekho inkosi eSpain noma isikhathi sokucwaninga umsebenzi owathokozisa uquqaba.

Ukwenqatshelwa

Ngo-1815 ibutho likaNapoleon elalihlasela lahlulwa kwathi uFerdinand VII waphinde wabuyela esihlalweni sakhe sobukhosi. Ngemuva kwalokho, leli cala lagxila emibhalweni kaFernández de Moratín. Umphumela: ukuvinjelwa izingcezu zalo eziyizifanekiselo: Yebo yamantombazane y Abathukayo. Bobabili, yize bengaphikisani obala nezimfundiso zamaKatolika, babuza amandla omndeni kunabantu abasha.

Uthando lweqiniso

Ngokuqondile, Yebo yamantombazane bakhulume ngokungahambisani nomkhuba wokushada izintombi emadodeni amadala, ukugqagqana kwezintshisekelo zezomnotho. Le nkinga igxekwa phakathi kolayini futhi igxekwa ngenani lezinyunyana ezingenayo injabulo nemishado engasebenzi. Kanye nokushoda kwenzalo ngoba bangabanumzane abangenawo amandla okuzala.

Uthando lweqiniso, ngokwendlela yokucabanga ngemindeni yendabuko evezwe kulesi sakhiwo, luyimbudane nje. Ngamanye amagama, inganekwane engenamsebenzi futhi engasebenzi yobuntwana emhlabeni wangempela. Ngemininingwane eminingi — yomkhakha wezenkolo-, UFernández de Moratín ukhomba abefundisi njengomlingani wokuziphatha okuhle kulokhu kuphazamiseka.

Isakhiwo

UDon Diego uyindoda ecebile eneminyaka engama-59 ubudala ethandane noDoña Francisca, intombi yeziphethu ezili-17 nje. Ngesikhathi sokuqhuma okukhulu, ucela umama wentokazi, uDoña Irene, ukuba amvumele ukuthi ashade nendodakazi yakhe. Lesi siphakamiso sibukeka simnandi kuye ukhokho, umfelokazi onemishado emithathu eshubile kanye nokukhulelwa okukhishwe okungama-21.

Ngokusobala, ngaleso sikhathi imishado enjalo yayisho ukuqinisekisa ikusasa lawo wonke umndeni. Kepha uDoña Francisca uthandana nenye indoda: UDon Carlos (umshana wesoka lakhe). Kodwa-ke, yena noma isithandwa sakhe abalokothi baphikisane nezifiso zabadala. Ngokunjalo, bayayeka ukuqhubekela phambili nezimpilo zabo ezimiselwe ukungajabuli nokuhlupheka.

Yebo yamantombazane: ukunqoba kothando nesizathu

Kubhalwe ngephrozi nangezingxoxo ezifushane nezinembile — ngaphandle kwezichasiso ezinde ezidingekayo— umsebenzi ushiya isimilo esihle. Kukhombisa: Lapho isizathu sidlula inkanuko, injabulo iyaqinisekiswa kuwo wonke umuntu obandakanyekayo. Ngisho nangezindlela ezingalindelekile.

Ngokuya ngaleli qophelo, umphumela wokugcina uvumela ukunqoba kothando ngesitayela esihle kakhulu sezinganekwane "… Futhi bahlala kamnandi njalo". Yize uFernández de Moratín eveza ukuthi ukuze kufinyelelwe kulezi zinqumo "ezivuthiwe", kuyadingeka ukucabanga ngengqondo hhayi ngenhliziyo.