UTirso de Molina
Umkhohlisi waseSeville kanye nesihambeli samatshe Ungomunye wemidlalo eyizifanekiselo zeSpanish Golden Age. Yashicilelwa ekuqaleni ngo-1630 kwathiwa yenziwa nguTirso de Molina. Kodwa-ke, umkhakha obalulekile wabagxeki nezazi-mlando zebarique yombhalo ukhomba u-Andrés de Claramonte njengombhali weqiniso.
Izimpikiswano ezihlukile eziphathelene nobunikazi, UDon Juan, umlingiswa oyinhloko walokhu kuhlekisa kokubandakanyeka, ungumlingiswa wendawo yonke kuzo zonke izincwadi zesiCastilian. Iqhathaniswa kuphela namagama amakhulu (avela kwamanye ama-latitude) esiqu sikaRomeo noJuliet, u-Oedipus, u-Achilles noma uSherlock Holmes.
Umbhali?
Njengoba kushiwo esigabeni sokuqala, Akukho ukuvumelana kwemibandela uma kukhulunywa ngokuhlonza umbhali we Umkhohlisi waseSeville kanye nesihambeli samatshe. Ngenkathi kungekho zimpikiswano eziningi zokuphikisa uTirso de Molina njengongqondongqondo. Eqinisweni, igama lakhe langempela nguFray Gabriel Téllez, yize, ngokusobala, wayaziwa kangcono ngegama lakhe lobuciko.
UTirso de Molina
Wayengowenkolo yaseSpain, engoweRoyal and Military Order ye-Our Lady of Mercy kanye neRedemption of the Captives. Wazalelwa eMadrid ngoMashi 24, 1579; Usuku lokushona kwakhe alucaci kahle. Mayelana nalokhu, izifundiswa eziningi zihlangana ngoFebhuwari 1648 njengesikhathi esingahle sife sokufa.
Ukufa kukaTéllez bekuzokwenzeka e-Almazán, umasipala namuhla oyingxenye yomphakathi ozimele waseCastilla y León. Okungenakuphikwa yifa lakhe, ngoba umsebenzi wakhe omangalisayo usasebenza kuze kube namuhla. Ngaphandle kokuthi Umkhohlisi waseSeville kanye nesihambeli samatshe, kubhekiswe kuye UDon Gil wama-leggings aluhlaza kanye ne-hagiographic trilogy ye- ISanta Juana.
Ama-comedies wokuziphatha kanye nama-autos sacramentales
Imibhalo kaTirso de Molina igcwalisa umsebenzi wokuziphatha. Okungukuthi, umbhali wahlala ethembekile emzuzwini womlando lapho ayephila khona, kanye nakubizo lwakhe lwenkolo. Ngakho-ke, kuyisici esinganakwa ku- Umkhohlisi waseSeville kanye nesihambeli samatshe.
Ngaphandle kokuhlangana nokuhleka, ekugcineni ayikho indlela yokugwema isijeziso sikaNkulunkulu. Ngisho ne-protagonist uqobo iyakwazi (yize ekugcineni ingaphenduka ezonweni zayo, ayinakukubalekela). Mayelana nalokhu, kwenye yezingxoxo zakhe uyaqinisekisa: "asikho isikhathi esinqunyiwe esingafinyelelwa noma isikweletu esingakhokhiwe."
Andrés de Claramonte: umbhali “omunye”
U-Andrés de Claramonte y Monroy wayengumlingisi ovelele waseSpain futhi owayengumdlali wemidlalo, owayephila ngesikhathi sikaTirso de Molina. Wazalelwa eMurcia cishe ngo-1560, washona eMadrid ngoSepthemba 19, 1626. Kunemibono emibili ehlukene phakathi kwalabo abakhomba kuye njengomdali weqiniso kaDon Juan.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukubhala kwe Umkhohlisi waseSeville kanye nesihambeli samatshe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinye izazi-mlando - yize zingaphikisani nokubhalwa kukaMolina ngalo msebenzi - ziqinisekisa ukuthi wawususelwa Isikhathi eside ungangethemba. Lesi sakamuva kwakuyihlaya elabhalwa phakathi kuka-1612 no-1615, elenziwa nguClaramonte.
I-weft egcwele izintambo
Ngasikhathi sinye, ezinye izazi-mlando zikhomba uLope de Vega njengomdali weqiniso we Isikhathi eside ungangethemba. Ngakho-ke, isihloko sombhali we Umkhohlisi waseSeville kanye nesihambeli samatshe Kuyi-tangle efanele amahlaya abo bonke laba babhali. Ngenxa yalokho - mhlawumbe - asisoze saba khona isivumelwano sokugcina ngazwi linye esenelisa yonke imibono.
Isifinyezo se- Umkhohlisi waseSeville kanye nesihambeli samatshe
Umkhohlisi waseSeville.
Ungathenga incwadi lapha: Umkhohlisi waseSeville
Umdlalo uqala nge UDon Juan Tenorio, isicukuthwane saseSpain okuthi, ngenkathi siseNaples, sikhohlise uDuchess Isabel. Lapho itholakele — nangemva kochungechunge lwezihibe — inkosi iyalela ukuba abanjwe, umsebenzi ophathiswe uDon Pedro Tenorio, inxusa laseSpain enkosini.
Kepha usomaqhinga wase-Iberia akanaso isiphazamiso esifanelekile: obhekene nokudelela ingoduso kaDuke Octavian umshana wakhe. Ngemuva kokuzindla ngayo, ayidedele isuke. Kamuva uthi akukho ebengakwenza mayelana nekhono lale nsizwa lokugxuma lisuka egumbini lapho likwazile ukuyifaka ekhoneni lezingadi zesigodlo.
Buyela espain
UDon Juan, ehambisana nenceku yakhe uCatalinón —Umlingiswa osebenza “njengezwi likanembeza” womuntu oyinhloko, yize iseluleko sakhe singalalelwa neze— ingxenye ibheke eSeville. Kodwa ngaphambi kokungena ogwini lwaseGuadalquivir, waphukelwa umkhumbi wasuka ogwini lwaseTarragona.
Kule ngozi utakulwa nguTisbea, ongumdobi. Lapho nje uDon Juan esalulama, waphumelela ukuyenga umsindisi wakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, abadobi bendawo bayathukuthela futhi bahlela ukujezisa lokhu kuhlekwa usulu. Kodwa-ke, uDon Juan ongaphumeleli uyakwazi ukuphinde abaleke, hhayi ngaphandle kokuthatha kuqala izimbila ezimbili ezikhuliswe isisulu sokuzihlaza.
Qala ngokuma eSeville
Lapho efika eSeville, iNkosi u-Alfonso XI yathumela ukuba izombiza. Inkosi yayazi ngokuziphatha kabi komuntu wayo emazweni aphesheya. Uzimisele ukunqoba ukungqubuzana kwezombusazwe okwenzekile. Ngalesi sizathu, uphoqa umenzi wobubi ukuthi ashade nentombazane ehlukumezekile.
Kepha ngaphambi kokufezekiswa kwezifiso zangempela, uDon Juan uyenga intokazi entsha: Doña Ana de Ulloa. Ubaba wakhe, lapho ethola okungalungile, uphonsela inselelo umuntu obophezelekile ukungcolisa igama lomndeni wakhe edamini. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-protagonist kufanele ibaleke okusha ngemuva kokuqeda impilo yalowo ophikisana naye.
Isifundo sokugcina
Kude nenhloko-dolobha yase-Andalusia, ukuhlekwa usulu kukaDon Juan Tenorio akupheli. Lapho ebuyela eSeville, kumele abhekane noDon Gonzalo de Ulloa futhi. Umufi, manje osephenduke isithombe, umema umbulali wakhe esidlweni sakusihlwa. Ngaleso sikhathi, uDon Juan uthola isijeziso sikaNkulunkulu esifanele.
Ibinzana le-tirso de Molina.
Ekugcineni, isivakashi samatshe simhudulela esihogweni, ngokungacabangi futhi ngaphandle kokumnika isikhathi sokucela intethelelo kaNkulunkulu.. Ngale ndlela, zonke izintombi ezikhuthazwa yizenzo zobugovu nezokungathembeki ze-protagonist, zibuyisa udumo lwazo.
Okudala ngaphandle kwezincwadi
UDon Juan ungumlingiswa onezethulo eziningi nokuzivumelanisa nezimo kuwo wonke umlando. Ababhali abanjengoMoliere, uPushkin, uJorge Zorrilla noma Alexandre Dumas, phakathi kwabanye abaningi, bebephethe ukufaka isandla ekwakhiweni kwayo emhlabeni wonke. UDon Giovanni, opera odumile kaMozart one-libretto kaLorenzo da Ponte, naye uyingxenye yalesi “sigaba”.
Ngaphandle kwemibhalo, uDon Juan (ofana no-Oedipus) une "syndrome" yakhe. Ukuziphatha okuyimpoqo kokukhohlisa okubangelwa abesilisa nabesifazane abangeneliseki ngokwelashwa. Ngakho-ke, "UDon Juan" yisithonjana sangempela samasiko, ukubuyekezwa kwakhe okuzoqhubeka inqobo nje uma ubuntu buhlala buyizinhlobo ezibusayo ebusweni bomhlaba.