Umama kaFrankenstein

Umama kaFrankenstein

Umama kaFrankenstein yinoveli yomlando echazwe ngu-Almudena Grandes futhi yingxenye yesihlanu yochungechunge Iziqephu zeMpi engapheli. Lesi sihloko siveza indaba elandelwayo eSpain yangemva kwempi. Ngokunjalo, ingqikithi yale ncwadi ikhombisa ingxenye yemiphumela yezengqondo ebangelwe yimpi yombango kanye nombuso kaFranco.

Ngalokhu, umbhali wethula amakhulu wabalingiswa - abanye baqanjiwe, abanye bangempela - maphakathi nesimo somlando wangaleso sikhathi. Lapho, itulo lakhiwa eminyakeni yokugcina yempilo ka-Aurora Rodríguez Carballeira, ovela avalelwe endaweni yokukhosela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ncwadi iveza okuhlangenwe nakho okwethenjwayo kwalona wesifazane waseSpain owaduma ngawo-30 ngokubulala indodakazi yakhe.

Umama kaFrankenstein

Umongo womsebenzi

AbakwaGrandes bahlangana nendaba ka-Aurora Rodríguez Carballeira ngemuva kokufunda Umbhalo wesandla otholakala kuCiempozuelos (1989), nguGuillermo Rendueles. Umxhwele lo mlingiswa, i- Umbhali waseMadrid uqhubeke nokuphenya ukuze abhale ngokuningiliziwe ngaleli cala. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kulo lonke icebo kwethulwa imicimbi eminingi yangempela, enikeza indaba umthelela omkhulu.

Intuthuko ibeka umfundi eCiempozuelos Asylum (ngaseMadrid), ngawo-1950. Lo mbhalo uhlanganisa amakhasi angama-560 alayishwe umlando achaza izigaxa ezitholakala ezimpini eziningi kangaka ezihlomile. Ngale ndlela, icebo livela cishe izinhlamvu ezi-3: u-Aurora, uMaría kanye nesiJalimane, abashintsha umuntu wokuqala ekulandiseni.

Thengisa

Umama kaFrankenstein: ...

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Isiqubulo

Indlela yokuqala

Ngo 1954, udokotela wezifo zengqondo uGerman Velásquez ubuyela eSpain ayosebenza endaweni yokukhosela yabesifazane eCiempozuelos, ngemuva kokuhlala iminyaka eyi-15 eSwitzerland. Ngenxa yokusebenzisa ukwelashwa okusha nge-chlorpromazine - i-neuroleptic esetshenziselwa ukunciphisa imiphumela ye-schizophrenia - kugxekwa kakhulu ngaphakathi kwesikhungo sabagula ngengqondo. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela izomangaza wonke umuntu.

German ngokushesha uthola ukuthi esinye seziguli zakhe ngu-Aurora Rodríguez Carballeira, owesifazane okhiqize ilukuluku kusukela ebuntwaneni. Ngesikhathi eseyingane, ukhumbula ezwa ukuvuma kwakhe izono azenza kuyise - uDkt Velásquez - ngaye. ukubulawa kwendodakazi yakhe. Ngakho-ke, udokotela wezifo zengqondo ungena ecaleni ukuze athole ukwelashwa okuhle kakhulu futhi azame ukwenza izinsuku zakhe zokugcina zibe ngcono.

Isiguli

U-Aurora Rodríguez Carballeira ungowesifazane onesizungu ngokweqile, uvakashelwe kuphela nguMaría Castejón, umhlengikazi obehlala njalo lapho (ungumzukulu wensimu). UMaría uzizwa emazisa kakhulu u-Aurora, ngoba ngimfundise ukufunda nokubhala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nsuku zonke uyakujabulela ukuchitha isikhathi ekamelweni lakhe, lapho ezinikele khona ekumfundeleni, njengoba uRodríguez engaboni.

Isifo

Aurora Unephrofayli yowesifazane ohlakaniphe kakhulu, umvikeli wama-eugenics namalungelo abesifazane. Her uphethwe yisifo esidala ukubona izinto ezingekho, ukusangana kanye nokuzikhohlisa kobuhle. Indaba isitshela ngeminyaka yakhe emibili edlule yokuphila kwakhe, ngemuva kweminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili eboshiwe ngenxa yecala elenziwe endodakazini yakhe, angakaze azisole ngalo.

Ukuzimisela ukudala "owesifazane ophelele wesikhathi esizayo", u-Aurora wazimisela ukuba nendodakazi futhi ayikhulise ngezinjongo zakhe eziyinhloko. Le ntokazi yabiza leyo ntombazane: uHildegart Rodríguez Carballeira - kuyena kwakuwumsebenzi wesayensi. Ngaphansi kwaleso simo, ngikhulise isimangaliso sengane, saba nempumelelo enkulu ngokomthetho. Kodwa, kwaholela ekufisweni kwenkululeko yowesifazane osemusha futhi efuna ukuqhela kunina un isiphetho esibuhlungu.

Intokazi engajwayelekile

U-Hildegart Wayenobuhlakani obedlulele, ngeminyaka emi-3 kuphela wayesevele ekwazi ukufunda nokubhala. Bekuyi ummeli omncane kunabo bonke waphothula iziqu eSpain, ngenkathi ngifunda eminye imisebenzi emibili eyengeziwe: Medicine and Philosophy and Letters. Ngokwengeziwe, wayeyisishoshovu sezepolitiki esemncane, ngakho-ke, wayenekusasa elithembisayo kakhulu ... Wanciphisa lapho wabulawa ngunina, eneminyaka engu-18 kuphela.

ICiempozuelos Asylum

En Umama kaFrankenstein, umbhali ufuna ukukhombisa ubuqiniso besifazane bangaleso sikhathi. Ngalesi sizathu, abakwaGrandes basebenzisa iSiempozuelos sanatorium yabesifazane njengesimiso. Njengoba le ndawo yokukhosela ibingahloselwe kuphela abesifazane abanezinkinga zengqondo, bekukhona nabesifazane ababoshelwe ukufuna ukuzimela noma ngokuphila ubulili babo ngokukhululeka.

Indaba yothando engenakwenzeka

Lapho ufika eCiempozuelos, UJalimane wakhangwa uMaría, intokazi eyayicindezelwe futhi ikhungathekile. Yena, yena, uyamlahla, into edida isiJalimane, okuzofanele athole ukuthi kungani enesizungu futhi engaqondakali. Uthando olungavunyelwe ngenxa yezimo zezwe lapho kubusa izindinganiso eziphindwe kabili, zigcwele imithetho engenangqondo nokungabi nabulungisa kuyo yonke indawo.

Abalingiswa bangempela

Ukulandisa kufaka izinhlamvu eziningana zangempela zesikhathi, njenge, isibonelo, u-Antonio Vallejo Nájera noJuan José López Ibor. U-Antonio wayengumqondisi weCiempozuelos, indoda eyayikholelwa kuma-eugenics futhi ngubani owayekholelwa ukuthi wonke amaMarxist kufanele asuswe. Ngokunjalo, ukhuthaze abantu abadala abadubulayo benaleyo mibono futhi wahambisa izingane zabo emindenini yeNational Movement.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, U-López Ibor - yize engenabo ubungani noVallejo - uvumile ngokuphathwa kabi kwalabo okuthiwa "ababomvu" nabobungqingili. Lokhu kwakungudokotela wezifo zengqondo ngezikhathi zikaFranco, owayenza amaseshini e-electroshock nama-lobotomies. Lezi zinqubo zazisetshenziswa kwabesilisa kuphela, ngoba abesifazane babengenayo inkululeko yokuzimela ngokocansi.

Amanye amalungu endaba

Esakhiweni kuvela abalingiswa besibili (abaqanjiwe) abasiza ukugcwalisa indaba. Phakathi kwabo, uBaba Armenteros namanazaretha uBelén no-Anselma, abamele inhlangano yezenkolo ngaphakathi kwalapho kukhoseliswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Eduardo Méndez, udokotela wezifo zengqondo wobungqingili, owayeyisisulu ebusheni bakhe bezenzo zikaLópez Ibor futhi waba ngumngane omuhle waseJalimane noMaría.

Sobre el autor

U-Almudena Grandes Hernández wazalelwa eMadrid ngoMeyi 7, 1960. Uqede izifundo zakhe zobungcweti eComplutense University of Madrid, lapho athola khona iziqu zeJografi kanye nezeMbali. Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala wawusendaweni yokushicilela; Lapho umsebenzi wakhe omkhulu kwakuwukubhala imibhalo yaphansi yezithombe ezincwadini zokufunda. Lo msebenzi umsizile ukuba ajwayele ukubhala.

Ukucaphuna kombhali u-Almudena Grandes.

Umjaho wezincwadi

Incwadi yakhe yokuqala, Iminyaka kaLulu (1989), kwaba yimpumelelo enkulu: yahunyushelwa ezilimini ezingaphezu kwezingu-20, owine i-XI La Sonrisa Vertical Award futhi wazivumelanisa nesinema. Kusukela lapho, umbhali wenze amanoveli ambalwa athole izinombolo ezinhle zokuhlela kanye nokuhlonishwa okubucayi. Eqinisweni, labo okukhulunywe ngabo ngezansi nabo bayisiwe e-cinema:

• UMalena yigama le-tango (1994)
• I-Atlas of Human Geography (1998)
• I-Los umoya onzima (2002)

Iziqephu de una impi engapheli

Ngo 2010, Kukhulu umphakathi U-Agnes nenjabulo, isitolimende sokuqala sochungechunge Iziqephu zempi engapheli. Ngale ncwadi, umbhali uzuze umklomelo we-Elena Poniatowska Ibero-American Novel Prize (2011), phakathi kweminye imiklomelo. Kuze kube manje kunemisebenzi emihlanu eyakha le saga; owesine: Iziguli zikaDkt García, uthole i-2018 National Narrative Award.