Ukuxoxisana no-Inés Plana, okhombisa inoveli entsha yobugebengu yaseSpain.

Siyajabula ukuthi namhlanje kubhulogi yethu u-Inés Plana (uBarbastro, 1959), umbhali wezambulo u-2018, ophumelela kakhulu ekuthengiseni ngenoveli yakhe yokuqala, Ukufa akuyona into ebuhlungu kakhulu, futhi ngisanda kushicilela owesibili Ngaphambi kokuba labo abangathandi bafe, zombili zivela esandleni sendlu yokushicilela i-Espasa.

«Kwakuwukushaywa kwezembe okwakubonakala sengathi kwehle esibhakabhakeni ngokukhohlisa, ukumba kujule emhlabeni kudale umhosha phakathi kwabantu namathemba abo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi kwakukhona abantu nemali mboleko ababengasakwazi ukuyikhokha, imisebenzi eyekile ukuba khona, izinkampani eziwile, usizi, ukuxakeka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lomhosha ongenakunqotshwa: izindlu ezinhle, izimoto ezintsha, amaholide ezindaweni ezishisayo, ukuphepha kwabasebenzi, uhambo lwangempelasonto namanye amaphupho amaningi ayafezeka. Akukho bhuloho okwakuzokwakhiwa ngalo ukubuyela kulawo mazwe alahlekile. Ngokuphambene nalokho, inhloso bekuwukudala bonke labo abasala bengenamyocu.

Actualidad Literatura: Intatheli yemisebenzi kanye nombhali wehlelo ohlotsheni lobugebengu ngenoveli yakho yokuqala. Yayinjani inqubo? Yini eyakwenza ngolunye usuku uthi "Ngizobhala inoveli, futhi kuzoba inoveli yobugebengu"?

Ines Plana: Bese kuneminyaka ngizijwayeza ukubhala phansi nasekhaya ngisagcina amakhasi ezindaba, izindaba ezimfishane namanoveli okuqala engagcina ngilahla ngoba ayengenayo ikhwalithi engangiyifuna, kepha ngifunde lukhulu kulokho. Kwafika isikhathi lapho ngazizwa ngilungele ukubhekana nobunzima obukhulu bencwadi. Nganginesakhiwo ekhanda lami, okwakuzothi kamuva “Ukufa akuyona into ebuhlungu kakhulu, futhi ngokwesaba nangenhlonipho ngaqala ukubhala isahluko sokuqala futhi angizange ngime. Kungani inoveli yobugebengu? Bengihlale ngikhangwa yilolu hlobo lohlobo, kokubili efilimini nasezincwadini, futhi bengivele nginqume ukuthi le ndaba izoqala ngomfanekiso wendoda elengisiwe, enobugebengu obubonakala buphelele okufanele buholele ekuhloleni okubi nokuthi yini ngesihluku futhi enobungozi okungaba isiphetho.

AL: Isihlava somphakathi sokushushumbiswa kwabantu, sabantwana kuleli cala, ukugqilazwa nokudlwengulwa ngenhloso yezomnotho siboniswe ngobuciko kule noveli yakho yesibili, Ngaphambi kokuba labo abangathandi bafe. Isihloko esesabekayo, sonke esaziyo ukuthi sikhona, kepha esingajwayelekile ukwenza amakhasi angaphambili emaphephandabeni. Kuthiwani ngokushushumbiswa kwabantu, ama-mafia, amapimpi abasebenzisa abesifazane namantombazane njengempahla? Kuphi empeleni lokhu kugqila kwekhulu lama-XNUMX, kwesinye isikhathi, okubonakala kutholakala kuphela kumanoveli obugebengu?

I-IP: Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ibhizinisi lokudayisa ngomzimba likhiqiza cishe ama-euro ayizigidi ezinhlanu ngosuku eSpain. Ikhodi yokujezisa ayikuthathi njengecala ukuqasha umzimba womuntu ukuthi enze ucansi, kuyimpoqo, kepha abesifazane abagqilaziwe bayasongelwa futhi abalokothi baphikise ngokuthi bayizisulu zokuxhashazwa ngokocansi. Baphoqeleka ukuthi bathi benza ucansi ngentando yabo. Ngakho-ke, kunzima ukukhombisa phambi komthetho ukushushumbiswa kwabesifazane, ukuthi ubugqila ngekhulu lama-XXI. E-European Union, isisulu esisodwa kwezine sisencane. Ubakhokhela okuningi kakhulu kunowesifazane osekhulile. Leli yiqiniso elisabekayo lokuthi, futhi, lidlula konke okungatshelwa kwinoveli.

AL: Uxoxa ngenoveli yakho yokuqala, Ukufa akuyona into ebuhlungu kakhulu, yini Kuvela kokuhlangenwe nakho kwempilo okushaqisayo: ubone indoda elenga, ilenga esihlahleni, ngenkathi usesitimeleni. Vuliwe Ngaphambi kokuba labo abangathandi bafe Ngaphezu kokushushumbiswa kwezingane, kuhlanganiswa izinqolobane eziningi ezibonisa isizungu sokuguga, ukungazi lutho kowesifazane osemusha okwazi ukubhidliza umndeni nabo bonke abamthandayo, umama omubi amadodakazi akhe amvimbelayo, ukwenqatshwa okuhlukunyezwe onogada bomphakathi ezindaweni zabo zokudabuka noma emindenini yabo ezindaweni ezithile zaseSpain, ukukhashelwa phakathi kwabangani ... Yini ekumangayo ngalezi zinhlelo zesibili zokubakhetha njengodonga  Ngaphambi kokuba labo abangathandi bafe?

I-IP: Ngishaqekile ngakho konke okudala ubuhlungu, ukungabi nabulungisa, futhi ngeshwa iqiniso linginika izinto eziningi zokungikhuthaza ezindaweni ezimnyama kakhulu nasezimweni zengqondo zesimo somuntu. Ngingumbhali, kodwa futhi ngiyintatheli. Ngiphila eduze kakhulu neqiniso, ngikubheka ngomoya wokugxeka, kuba buhlungu futhi ngilahle ithemba lapho kungenziwa lutho ukulithuthukisa noma ukulihlonipha. Kokubili encwadini yami yokuqala nakwesibili bengifuna ukuveza lelo qiniso elingcolile elivela enganekwaneni, okuyithuluzi enginalo. Inoveli yobugebengu ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwenganekwane ukulahla umphakathi futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho abafundi bethokozela indaba, bangathola nezinto ezimnyama zomphakathi ababengazibonanga futhi ezibashukumisela ukuba bacabange ngezikhathi esiphila kuzo.

AL: Ubeka amanoveli akho emadolobheni amancane aseCastile nakulesi sikhathi nasendaweni yaseGalician, eCosta Da Morte. I-Uvés, iLos Herreros, iCieña,… ngamadolobha umfundi ahamba kuwo ngesandla sakho, ezizwa ekugcineni njengomunye nje umakhelwane. Ingabe zikhona izindawo ezinjalo?

I-IP: Kokubili ama-Uvés eMphakathini waseMadrid naseLos Herreros ePalencia noma eCieña eCosta da Morte ayizisetho zokucabanga. Kuzo kunezimo okuthi, ngasizathu simbe noma ngesinye, bengingafuni ukukhetha ngokukhetha izindawo zangempela. Ngizizwa ngikhululeke ukuyenza inganekwane ikwenza kanjena. Kepha zonke lezo zindawo ezingamanga zinesisekelo sangempela, amadolobha angikhuthazile futhi asebenze njengesethenjwa, yize kungeyona eyodwa ikakhulukazi, kepha nginezici ezixubekile zeziningana zize zibe yisimo esisodwa.

AL: Abalingisi abaphambili ngokwenza kahle kohlobo olumnyama lwaseMelika ngabaphenyi abazimele nabaseSpain, amaphoyisa. Yize izinkanyezi ze-Civil Guard kwezinye zochungechunge olumnyama oludumile, akuvamisile ukuthi kube yileyo ekhethwa ngababhali balolo hlobo. Ochungechungeni lwakho lwabamnyama usethulela onogada bakahulumeni ababili abangabantu, oqobo: uLieutenant Julián Tresser noCorporal Coira, akekho kubo odlula isikhathi sabo. Kungani onogada bomphakathi? ICivil Guard ingumzimba onezimiso zempi, ohlukile emaphoyiseni, futhi ukuzixazulula obhala ngakho ngawo kuveza amahora amaningi okuphenya, kube nzima yini ukwazi ukusebenza kwangaphakathi komzimba nomthelela empilweni yomuntu uqobo yalokhu uchwepheshe wezokhetho?

I-IP: Yebo bekulokhu kunjalo, ngoba i-Civil Guard inokusebenza kwangaphakathi okuyinkimbinkimbi, ngokunembile ngenxa yohlobo lwayo lwezempi, ngokungafani namanye amaphoyisa. Kepha ngithola usizo lukaGermán, usayitsheni we-Civil Guard, uchwepheshe ongaphezu kovamile nomuntu ongajwayelekile ochaze imininingwane ye-Corps kimi ngesineke esikhulu kuye, ngoba akulula ukuyiqonda okokuqala . Kimi kuyinselelo futhi kusukela kumzuzu wokuqala lapho ngiqale ukucabanga ngetulo lokuthi "Ukufa akuyona into ebuhlungu kakhulu" ngangicace bha ukuthi abaphenyi bazoba onogada bomphakathi. Ukusuka kwelinye inoveli kuye kwelinye ngikwazile ukufunda okuningi ngempilo yabo, izinkinga zabo zansuku zonke nangendlela abasebenza ngayo, okuyinto encomekayo, ngoba banomoya wokuzinikela okungajwayelekile futhi akulula ukubhekana ngokomzwelo nomsebenzi , ezikhathini eziningi, igcinwe ngempela. Eqinisweni, banesilinganiso esiphakeme sokuzibulala futhi into ebi kakhulu ukuthi azinikwanga izinsiza ezanele ukuze zisebenze ngempumelelo futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukunakekelwa kwengqondo okuvikela.

AL: Uza emhlabeni wenoveli ngemuva komsebenzi obalulekile wobuntatheli. Inoveli yakho yokuqala Ukufa akuyona into ebuhlungu kakhulu Kube inoveli yezambulo yohlobo lwe-noir futhi Ngaphambi kokuba labo abangathandi bafe isivele inuka futhi inambitheka njengayo okuhamba phambili. Ingabe zikhona izikhathi ezingenakulibaleka kule nqubo? Uhlobo oluzozazisa ingunaphakade.

I-IP: Kuningi, okwenziwe ngemizwa nemizwelo engikufake ngaphakathi kakhulu. Ngikhumbula imihlangano enabafundi emakilabhini okufunda njengesinye sezikhathi eziyigugu kakhulu empilweni yami, kanye nokwethulwa eMadrid kokuthi "Ukufa akuyona into ebuhlungu kakhulu" kanye naleyo engiyenze ezweni lami, i-Aragon. Edolobheni lakithi, eBarbastro, ngamukelwa engingasoze ngawakhohlwa, njengaseZaragoza naseHuesca. Kwakuyincwadi yami yokuqala futhi ngangiyiphila ngokuqina okukhulu, bekunzima kimi ukuthi ngikholwe ukuthi konke okuhle kangaka bekwenzeka kimi. Futhi angikhohlwa ukuthi ngiyijabulele kangakanani imikhosi yobugebengu, imibukiso kanye nezethulo emadolobheni amaningi aseSpain futhi ngihlala nabantu engihlangane nabo ngenoveli yami futhi engixhume nabo ngendlela ekhetheke kangaka.

AL: Ukuncenga kanjani ukudala? Ingabe unayo imikhuba noma izinto ozithandayo lapho ubhala? Uyayihlanganyela lendaba ngaphambi kokuyivumela ukuthi ibone ukukhanya noma uyigcina kuwe kuze kube yilapho ucabanga ukuthi umsebenzi usuphelile?

I-IP: Ugqozi luyinkohliso kakhulu futhi luza lapho lufuna, hhayi lapho uludinga, ngakho-ke angijwayele ukulinda. Ngikhetha ukuqala ukubhala futhi ngikuyeke kube ngumsebenzi wami, ukuphikelela ukuthi ngikwenze, okuvula ingqondo yami nokungikhombisa izindlela. Noma kunjalo, uma bekufanele ngikhulume ngomthombo okhuthazayo, bekungaba ngumculo kimi impela. Angiyilaleli ngenkathi ngibhala, angikwazi ngoba angikho maphakathi nendawo, kepha phakathi kwezikhathi zokubhala ngilalela izingoma isikhathi esiningi ezingahlobene nodaba engibhekene nazo kepha ezikhiqiza izithombe ku ingqondo, phakamisa izimo nezimo zengqondo zabalingiswa ezingisiza kakhulu futhi engizithatha njengezibalulekile. Anginazo izinto zokuzilibazisa lapho ngiqala ukubhala. Ngidinga nje ukuthula nokuthi akukho muntu noma lutho olungiphazamisayo, olungafezeki ngaso sonke isikhathi, kepha ngiyazama ukukwenza kube njalo ngoba kungumsebenzi odinga ukugxila kakhulu nesimo somqondo esikhethekile esingibeka ngokuphelele umhlaba. Kukhona kuphela indaba engifuna ukuyikhuluma hhayi okunye. Kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi ekhiqiza ukungavikeleki, okuphoqa ukuthi uthathe izinqumo okuthi, uma kungezona ezifanele, zingaphula izisekelo zenoveli. Kumele siqaphele. Lapho nginezahluko eziningana, ngizinika umlingani wami, naye obhalayo, ukuze afunde okuvelayo futhi aphawule ngakho.

AL: Singathanda ukuthi usivulele umphefumulo ube ngumfundi kithi: yiziphi lezo zincwadi ezihamba iminyaka futhi, ngezikhathi ezithile, uphinde uzifunde? Noma imuphi umbhali ozithandayo, uhlobo oluthengayo olushicilelwe kuphela?

I-IP: Imvamisa ngifunda kaningi. Nginababhali engiya kubo njalo ngoba ngihlala ngifunda izinto ezintsha kubo. Lokhu kunjalo ngoTolstoy, Jane Austen noma uFlaubert, ngokwesibonelo. Kukhona umbhali wesikhathi samanje engimthanda kakhulu, u-Enrique Vila-Matas. Ngikhangwa imihlaba ayivezayo nokuthi uyixoxa kahle kangakanani, kepha angilandeli ngokukhathazeka noma yimuphi umbhali othize. Ngithenga izincwadi enginezikhombo ezinhle kuzo futhi iqiniso ukuthi ngithanda ukuthuthuka lapho ngivakashela isitolo sezincwadi.

AL: Kuthiwani ngokuqothulwa kwemibhalo ukuthi ngosuku olulandelayo ngemuva kokukhishwa kwenoveli kungalandwa kunoma yiliphi ikhasi lezigebengu? Wenza muphi umonakalo kubabhali?

I-IP: Kwenza umonakalo omkhulu, kunjalo. Kubuhlungu ukuthi, impela, cishe umzuzu ngemuva kokushicilela inoveli isivele inikezwa mahhala kwi-Intanethi. Lezi zikhathi esiphila kuzo zokuxhumana ngokuphelele zinalawo maphethelo ahlala engapholishiwe. Anginaso isixazululo sokumisa ubugebengu, ngoba ngiyisakhamuzi esilula, kodwa kubaholi bethu ukwenza njalo futhi angazi noma benza umzamo odingwa yilolu daba olimaza indalo namasiko kakhulu.

AL: Iphepha noma idijithali?

I-IP: Ngithanda ukufunda ephepheni, yize kwesinye isikhathi ngikwenza kwithebhulethi, kodwa ngiyayithanda lelisiko lokuvula amakhasi, iphunga elikhetheke kakhulu lencwadi esanda kuthengwa… Kunoma ikuphi, okubalulekile ukufunda, noma ngabe yikuphi okuphakathi . Ungomunye wemikhuba enempilo kunayo yonke engqondweni futhi ucebisa kakhulu okhona.

AL: Eminyakeni yamuva nje, isithombe sombhali sishintshe kakhulu. Isithombe sakudala se-taciturn, introverted and hermit genius sinikeze ababhali bezindaba abaningi, abazenza baziwe emhlabeni ngamanethiwekhi omphakathi futhi banezinkulungwane ngisho namakhulu ezinkulungwane zabalandeli ku-Twitter. Abanye bahlala, abanye, njengoLorenzo Silva, bayahamba. Linjani icala lakho? Buyini ubudlelwane nezingosi zokuxhumana nabantu?

I-IP: Selokhu ngashicilela inoveli yami yokuqala, isipiliyoni sami kumanethiwekhi besilokhu simane simangalisa. Bangivumele ukuba ngixhumane nabafundi bami, esidlangalaleni noma ngemiyalezo eyimfihlo. Ngesikhathi kubhalwa inoveli yami yesibili, ngizwe uthando nenhlonipho yabantu abaningi kangaka abafunda ukuthi "Ukufa akuyona into ebuhlungu kakhulu" futhi abalinde indaba yami elandelayo, engizoyibonga ingunaphakade. Ngingumuntu othanda ukuzijabulisa, ngithanda abantu, futhi kumanethiwekhi ngizizwa ngiphakathi kwami ​​futhi ngiyethemba ukuthi lokhu kuqhubeka njalo.

AL: Ukuvala, njengenjwayelo, ngizokubuza umbuzo osondelene kakhulu ongabuzwa umbhali: Kungani ubhala?

I-IP: Kuyisidingo, angikhumbuli ngisho nolunye usuku lwempilo yami lapho ngingazange ngibhale okuthile noma ngingacabangi ukuthi ngizobhalani. Njengoba ngangimncane kakhulu futhi ngingafundile nokubhala, abazali bami bangitshela ukuthi ngangivele ngithuthukisa izinkondlo futhi ngizifunda ngokuzwakalayo. Ngikholwa wukuthi ngazalwa nginalolo xhaso olunamathele kimi futhi ngicabanga ukuthi ngaba yintatheli ukuze ingaze ingilahle. Ukubhala kungumlingani wami wokuphila futhi bengingakucabangi ukuba khona kwami ​​ngaphandle kwakho.

Ngiyabonga u-Inés Plana, ngifisa ukuthi uqhubeke nale mpumelelo emangalisayo nokuthi uJulián Tresser noCorporate Guillermo Coira babe nempilo ende ezojabulisa abafundi bakho.