UbuDada

IDadaism yinhlangano yobuciko eyasungulwa imbongi yaseRomania uTristan Tzara (1896 - 1963). Ku-manifesto, umbhali wathi: “Ngimelene nazo zonke izinhlelo; okwamukeleka kakhulu ezinhlelweni ukungabi nalutho njengesimiso ”. Lokhu kungaba yingxenye yesisekelo somcabango wamanje awakhulelwe. Ngokufanayo, izazi-mlando zibheka uHugo Ball (1886 - 1927) noHans Arp (1886 - 1966) njengabanduleli balo mkhuba.

Igama layo lisuselwa egameni lesiFulentshi elithi "dada" - okusho ithoyizi noma ihhashi lokhuni-, elikhethwe ngokungahleliwe kusichazamazwi (ngesenzo esingenangqondo ngamabomu). Lokhu kusho futhi kugcizelela ukungabi khona kwemihlahlandlela, isikhundla esiphikisana nengxenye yendabuko kanye ne-anarchic ecacile evela kuhlobo lokuhamba.

Umongo womlando

ISwitzerland, insimu enelungelo

Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala (1914 - 1918), iSwitzerland - njengezwe elingathathi hlangothi - labamba inani elikhulu lababaleki. Emkhakheni wobuciko nobuhlakani, lesi simo sikhiqize ukuhlanganiswa okuhlukahlukene kakhulu kwabaculi abavela kuzo zonke izingxenye zeYurophu.

Ngaphandle kokwehluka okunengqondo kwemibono namasiko, abaningi babo bavumelana ngephuzu elilodwa: impi yayiyisibonakaliso sokwehla kweNtshonalanga. Ngenxa yalokho, isithembiso senqubekela phambili esilethwe intuthuko yezesayensi nezobuchwepheshe yenguquko yesibili yezimboni, saholela ekufeni ngezinga elikhulu.

Impendulo yesiko

Ukudumala okwabiwe yilelo qembu labadwebi, abakwazi ukufunda nokubhala kanye nezifundiswa bekumele indawo enhle yokuzala. Ezinhlotsheni ezivamile zemizamo yesayensi, inkolo nefilosofi - ikakhulukazi umbono - akusaziniki izixazululo ezinkingeni zaseYurophu. Ngokunjalo, abagqugquzeli beDadaism benqabe amacebo ajwayelekile we-social positivism.

Ngakho, iCabaret Voltaire eZurich yabona ukuzalwa kobuDada ngo-1916. Lokhu kusho ukubonakaliswa kwe-burlesque okuya emphakathini wobunxiwankulu nobuciko ngeziphakamiso ezivusa inkanuko (ngohlobo oluthile lokulwa nobuciko). Ngakho-ke, umnyombo weDadaism ufukame inhloso engenakuphikwa futhi engayekethisi ephikisana nomyalelo osunguliwe.

Izici

Isici sokuqala esisobala seDadaism ukuhlukana ngezindinganiso zendabuko nezolondolozayo. Ukuba ngumkhuba womphefumulo we-avant-garde, odlubulundayo nowokubhikisha, izingqinamba ezinjengokuzenzakalela nobusha obusha bezobuciko zithola uhlamvu lwe-neuralgic. Lapho ukulungiswa nokungahloniphi kokudala kuyizindinganiso ezaziswa kakhulu.

Ngendlela efanayo, izimfundiso ezingaguquguquki kakhulu yi-anarchism ne-nihilism. Ngalesi sizathu, abaculi nababhali beDadaist bathambekele ekusesheni izinxushunxushu namaphethini wobuciko angahambisani. Ngokuhambisana, okuqukethwe okungenangqondo, okungenangqondo noma okungaqondakali kuvamile, ngemithamo emikhulu yama-ironies, radicalism, ukubhujiswa, ulaka, ukungabi nathemba ...

I "anti-positivist" ekahle

I-Dadaism ingumcabango wamanje wobuciko owavela waphikisana nenhlonipho yezenhlalo yekhulu lama-XNUMX leminyaka. Abamele bayo bagxeka ngokungaphezi indlela yobunxiwankulu yokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo nokuzenzisa "Kwamukelwe isimilo"; bamane bakucaphukela ukukha phezulu.

Ngalesi sizathu, imiqondo efana nobuzwe nokungabekezelelani ibonwa kabi kakhulu ngumcabango kaDadaist. Ngaphansi kwalo mbono, imizwa yokushisekela izwe, ukusetshenziswa kwabathengi kanye nobungxiwankulu kukhethwe njengobangela izinengiso ezinkulu kakhulu esintwini: izimpi.

Imikhakha eyahlukene

Akunakwenzeka ukuhlobanisa iDadaism nobuciko obulodwa. Empeleni, kungumgudu wamanje ohlanganisa imikhakha eminingi, ayenze ibe yinto ephelele. Ngokwalesi sizathu, hamba yavela esandleni sama-manifesto ahlukene, ayisikhombisa esewonke. Bonke babonisa inzondo yohlangothi lwamaDada maqondana nobuhle nobuhle ngenxa yeqiniso elibuhlungu lezwekazi laseYurophu.

Ukwazisa isenzo sobuciko

Empeleni, umculi wakwaDada kufanele akhethe into ukuze ayinikeze inhloso noma incazelo. Akunasimo lapho isenzo sobuciko siphishekela noma yisiphi isimangalo sobuhle noma isimangalo esizimele. Ngamanye amagama, umdwebi akayona i-generator ejwayelekile yobuhle, kunalokho, akaseyena openda, osika noma obhalayo. "Isenzo sobuciko" saziswa kakhulu.

Okusha

I-Dadaism ihambisane nohlobo lwamasu amasha wobuciko, kufaka phakathi i-photomontage, yenziwe nekholaji (kujwayelekile ku-cubism). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-photomontage inqubo esuselwa ekukhuliseni izingcezu ezahlukahlukene zezithombe (kanye / noma imidwebo) ukuze wakhe isithombe esihlukile.

Ngenkathi i yenziwe kuqukethe ukungenelela noma ukuguqula into yansuku zonke ngenhloso yokuyinika ikhwalithi yobuciko (umyalezo) noma incazelo. Cngenhloso efanayo, ikholaji ivela ekuhlanganisweni kwezinto (okungashintshwa), ama-reliefs, izithombe, imidwebo kanye nemisindo.

Imibhalo Dadaism

Isiphakamiso semibhalo yeDadaism (ngamabomu) asinangqondo. Ngokuyinhloko yayihlanganisa uhlobo lwenkondlo futhi, ngokuhambisana nezisekelo zenhlangano, ikhombe ekusetshenzisweni kwamagama okusha. Lapho ukulandelana kwamagama noma imishwana kushoda ngencazelo ye-axiomatic noma ngentambo ehambisanayo yokuphikisana.

Izici zezibongo zeDadaist

• Ngokuphikisana nezakhiwo ezijwayelekile zemethrikhi nezindikimba ezihlobene nothando kanye nenhlonipho yenhlalo.
• Kuqinisekisa ukuzicabangela.
• Kukhuthaza umbhedo.
• Isimo sakhe sengqondo siyahlekisa futhi sibhidlike, ikakhulukazi maqondana namafomu e-lyric akudala.

"Ibhukwana" lokuthuthukisa imibhalo yamaDadaist

Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokwenza izinkondlo zikaDada ngokusebenzisa ukunqunywa kwamaphephandaba. Okokuqala, kufanele kunqunywe ubude bombhalo ozohlanganiswa ukuze kubalwe inani lamagama adingekayo. Amagama asikiwe abekwa ngaphakathi kwebhokisi (kungabonakali) ngomgodi.

Amagama asebhokisini abese eqhutshwa ukuqinisekisa ukungahleliwe. Ekugcineni, amagama anamathiselwa eshidini njengoba evela. Umphumela uzoba ukulandelana kwemigomo ngokungaqondakali.

I-calligram

Le ndlela - ebisetshenziswa ngaphambilini ngu- UGuillaume Apollinaire, umbhali oxhumene ne-cubism - wondla izincwadi ze-dadaist. Le ndlela ithanda ukubekwa kwamagama okungahleliwe futhi igwema ukuhlangana komsindo okunengqondo. Noma i-calligram isetshenziswa kakhulu ukwenza imidwebo emisiwe noma eyenziwe ngezinhlamvu.

Ukusebenza okuphakade

Yize ama-collages ehlotshaniswa kakhulu ne-cubism, nawo ayingxenye "yefa" le-Dadaism. Njengamanje, le ndlela ivumela ukuhlanganisa ubuciko obuyisikhombisa emsebenzini ofanayo. Eqinisweni, sibonga ubuchwepheshe be-laser nabaphrinta be-3D, Kulezi zinsuku kungenzeka ukuthi kwenziwe ama-collages ngobukhulu obuthathu ngokuqagela “kokuntanta” kokulalelwayo.

Eqinisweni, ubuchwepheshe be-Industrial Revolution 4.0 buholele endaweni yonke yamathuba wokudala. Noma kunjalo, Iningi lezisekelo zeDadaism (avant-garde, freshness, innovation, irreverence, impact ...) ziyabonakala kubuciko beplastiki banamuhla nasemibonisweni yobuciko yekhulu lama-XXI.