ESpain naseLatin America, uVicente Espinel uyisithenjwa esiyisibopho ngokomculo nesimemezelo esidumile. Akukona okungaphansi, ukwahluka akwenzile kokweshumi kusize izinkulungwane zezimbongi nabaqambi ukuveza imizwa yabo ejulile. Amandla omnikelo wakhe alele ekulula nasekuqineni komqondo.
Kodwa-ke, kunezinsumansumane eziningi ezizungeze isibalo sakhe. Izinto, eziphindaphindwe kangako, zithathiwe ngokuqinisekile. Lapha sizozama ukucacisa ezinye, futhi-ke, umnyango ushiywe uvulekile kunoma ngubani ofuna ukufaka isandla.
Imibuzo ephakama ngase-Espinel
Ukuhlaziya isibalo se-Espinel, akunakwenzeka ukuthi le mibuzo ingaveli:
Ngabe u-Espinel wayengumsunguli weshumi?
Ingabe ifomula le-spinel bekungumbono wakhe?
Wabhala amangaki ama-spinels?
Kungani yaduma?
Ngizozama ukuphendula lezi zindida.
Izinto ezintathu ezishiwo abaningi nge-Espinel
Kuvamile ukuzwa ngezenzo zezinkondlo zikaVicente Espinel. Imvamisa ziyaphindwa phakathi kwama-decimistas nabazithandayo bezimbongi. Abaningi bayamemeza:
- «I-Espinel yinhle! Wadala okweshumi!
Abanye bayamemeza:
- «I-Espinel yinhle! Udale i-spinel yeshumi!
Futhi abanye baphinda ngokuzwakalayo:
- «Wabhala izinkulungwane zokweshumi! Ihamba phambili! ".
Lezi neminye imishwana ongayizwa emihlanganweni nasemihlanganweni yama-amateur. Kuyaphindwa futhi ngabantu abaqeqeshiwe kulolu daba. Kodwa-ke, maqondana nalezi zitatimende ezintathu ezishiwo lapha - yize ezimbili zokuqala zibonakala zifana, kanti ezintathu ziyiqiniso - ezimbili zingamaphutha ngokomlando. Futhi yebo, zingumkhiqizo wokuphindaphinda, ukwamukelwa kwezinqubo ngenxa yokuntuleka kokuzilungiselela kanye nesithombe esifanayo esidumile.
Ukucacisa kancane okushiwoyo
Umusho wokuqala awulungile. U-Espinel akazange asungule okweshumi. Leli fomu lezinkondlo lalikhona eminyakeni edlule, ngaphambi kokuba azalwe. Umusho wesithathu nawo awulungile. U-Espinel akazange abhale izinkulungwane zokweshumi. Eqinisweni, ayifinyelelanga ngisho nakwikhulu. Kepha, bazozibuza:
- "Futhi ngubani owasungula okweshumi?"
- "Kungani spinel?"
- "U-Espinel ubhale kangaki okweshumi?"
Siya ngezingxenye, okokuqala kuyadingeka ukucacisa amagama.
Yini okweshumi?
Ezinkondlweni, "okweshumi" kumane nje kuyisiqalo semigqa eyi-10, amaqoqo ayisishiyagalombili. Okuncanyelwayo nokujwayelekile, ngemilolotelo eguquguqukayo ngokusho kwembongi akwenzile ngokuthanda kwakhe nokubukeka kwakhe. Ngomqondo ofanayo, ukukhuluma ngomqambi we "okweshumi" kuyinto enesibindi futhi enzima ngenxa yokushoda kwezinto ngaleso sikhathi kulokhu. (XIV futhi XV eminyaka).
Iqiniso ukuthi, ngokwesakhiwo, okweshumi, ngaphakathi kwezinhlobo zawo ezivamile zasendulo, yakhiwa ama- «limerick» amabili (izigaba zamavesi amahlanu obuciko obuncane obunemilolotelo eguquguqukayo). Isibonelo: ababacdcdc, lapho amavesi 5 no-6, ngokulandelana, esebenza njengezixhumi, zombili umqondo womyalezo imbongi efuna ukuwudlulisa, kanye nomculo noma ingoma yenkondlo. Lokho kuguqulwa okuboniswe lapha akuyona ukuphela kwento ekhona. Kungashiwo ukuthi, ngembongi ngayinye, uhlobo lweshumi.
Ukuthandwa kwefomu lezinkondlo elisungulwe ngu-espinel, i- "spinel"
Okwenzekile ukuthi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ezinye izinhlobo zaduma kakhulu kunezinye, ngenxa yomculo wazo nephimbo. Futhi, njengasendabeni ka-Espinel, ngaphandle kwalezi zinto ezimbili ezibalulwe ngenhla, kufanelekile ukugqamisa isikhathi esingokomlando lapho ayephila khona nababathandayo - amadoda amakhulu kakhulu ezincwadi - ayemxhasa.
Manje, "i-spinel yeshumi" iyinhlobonhlobo yezinkondlo ehlelwe nguVicente Espinel. Ngakho "spinel." Ezingu-8 zazo zivela zishicilelwe encwadini yakhe Imilolotelo ehlukahlukene. Leli fomu lezinkondlo linesakhiwo semvumelwano elandelayo abba.accddc. Uhlamvu ngalunye uhlamvu lokugcina lwevesi ngalinye, ngakho-ke imvumelwano yalo.
Iphuzu elichazayo (.)
Uzokwazi ukwazisa lapha, ngaphandle kwesiqubulo esidumile manje esitholwe ngu-Espinel futhi ongasiboni ngaphambi komnikelo wakhe, esinye isici: ngemuva kwevesi lesine, futhi akuyona iTypo, kunenkathi. Lokhu kufakwa ngenhloso yile seva futhi esikhathini esedlule ngu-Espinel uqobo.
Futhi ngenkathi inkathi (.) Ibukeka ilula futhi ingenangqondo kangako, ingeze amandla ayingqayizivele nokucacisa kuleli fomu lezinkondlo. Eqinisweni - futhi kuyadingeka ukukhawulela - yize bekuwubuhlakani obukhulu engxenyeni yembongi (futhi kugcizelelwe yizifundiswa namadoda amakhulu ezincwadi ezedlule nanamuhla), yena, u-Espinel, mhlawumbe, akazange abone umthelela yamaphuzu esayiniwe ngokuzayo.
Ezinye izinhlobo zezishumi
Kusukela yasungulwa, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokweshumi ziyaziwa. Lokhu, kunjalo, maqondana nemvumelwano yakhe. Noma, namuhla bacishe bakhohlwa. Phakathi kwalokhu, singabala amagama:
- ababi.
- abbcddcc.
- ababaccddc.
Leli fomu lokugcina livela ku-Espinel, futhi liyavela naku- AmaRhymes ahlukahlukene.
U-Espinel nabazali bakhe ababili abakhulu
Manje, iphuzu lacaciswa, Kungani, phakathi kwezimbongi eziningi kangaka, okwahlukahluka kuka-Espinel kwakuyimpande futhi isakazeke kakhulu? Ake sithi u-Espinel wazalwa enenkanyezi enenhlanhla.
Imbongi, ngaphandle kokuba nekhono nokufunda, ukweleta udumo lwakhe nokusabalala komsebenzi wakhe kwamanye ama-greats amabili wezincwadi: uMiguel de Cervantes noSaavedra kanye UFeliks Lope de Vega, ngubani, lapho efunda ama-spinels abo encwadini AmaRhymes ahlukahlukene, bamangazwa ukuveza okucacile okwenziwe yisakhiwo senkondlo ngezinguquko u-Espinel aziqamba. Kangangokuthi bamdumisa kakhulu ezincwadini zakhe.
Okuthile okuxakile ngempilo, futhi kuhle ukuphawula, ukuthi uCervantes noLope de Vega babezondana, ngakho-ke kungashiwo ukuthi babumbene ngokwazisa kwabo u-Espinel.
Ukwazisa kukaLope de Vega
ULope de Vega uthe ku-triplet:
“Zihloniphe kahle ezintabeni zakho zakwaRonda,
ngoba namuhla iva lakhe liphenduka isundu eliphephile,
Ake lifihle igama lakhe ".
Intengo yeCervantes
Y Cervantes uyabhala:
"Ngingasho izinto nge-Espinel edumile
okudlula ukuqonda komuntu,
yalezo zesayensi ezizalela esifubeni sakhe
Ukuphefumula okungcwele kukaPhoebus.
Kepha, ngoba ayikwazi ngolimi lwami
ngithi okuncane kunakho konke engizizwa ngakho,
ungabe usasho lutho, kodwa ufisa ukuya ezulwini,
thandaza uthathe usiba, thandaza ihabhu ».
Izishumi eziyishumi kuphela ezaziwayo ze-Espinel
Manje, maqondana nokweshumi u-Espinel akubhalile - okuwukuphela kwabo ababhaliswe empeleni egameni lakhe - kukhona abayishumi kuphela.
Laba bobabili abazinikele "KuDon Gonzalo de Céspedes y Meneses", efundeka kanjena:
I
"Uma kungaba nobubi nje,
Laba, uGonzalo, banjalo,
Yebo, ngezifo zakho ezibuhlungu
uthola ukuthandwa okuvamile.
Yazi amabele aqinile,
uma ngeshwa ukhulelwa,
ukuthi ngemikhondo yasezulwini,
phakathi kwezikhalazo nezikhalazo,
amashwa ohlangabezana nawo
futhi wamukela izimfanelo ezinhle ”.
II
"Kulasha elinamandla
nosizi lwakho lwamanje,
Ngubani owenze ukuthi uqaphele
kodwa imisebenzi yakho uqobo?
Amagciwane ayaphela,
ukwenza izifundo ezimbi;
kanye nezinkulumo zakho ezibuhlungu
bazosakaza imiqondo yakho
emadokodweni ayimfihlo
nasemincintiswaneni ejwayelekile ”.
Futhi ama-spinels ayisishiyagalombili we-Various Rhymes
Lezi ziphethe isihloko esithi "redondillas". Lezi zinkondlo zakha inombolo 61 kwengoma ezingama-86 noma "imilolotelo" u-Espinel ayifaka emsebenzini obaluleke kangaka. Lezi izi:
I
"Akukho okuhle okungivimbela kokubi,
esabekayo nokuthuthumela,
kokucasulwa okungafanele,
futhi wacasulwa yigwala.
Noma isikhalazo sami, sekwephuze kakhulu,
futhi isizathu siyangivikela,
ngaphezulu ekulimaleni kwami kuyasha,
ukuthi ngimele labo abangicasulayo,
njengenja leyo ngokufutheka
kuyamcasula umnikazi wayo ”.
II
"Kakade le nhlanhla, eqhubeka iba yimbi,
wabheka kanjalo ezinkanyezini,
yini eyenza izikhalazo ngami
engibakha ngabo manje.
Futhi lelo iphutha, nkosikazi,
kwalokhu okuhle, lokho komcabango,
ngididekile futhi ngidabukile ngizithola,
Kuthiwani uma bengicela wena
lezo ezisola ukulimala kwami,
ngenxa yamahloni kakhulu ngiyavala ”.
III
"Abantu bavame ukungitshela,
ukuthi kancane uyazi ububi bami,
ukuthi imbangela enkulu
Ngiyayibona ibhalwe esiphongweni sami.
Futhi yize ngidlala onesibindi,
bese ulimi lwami luyashibilika
ngakho-ke iyakha futhi iqonde,
ukuthi lokho isifuba akusisebenzisi
akukho ukuzenzisa okwanele
ukumboza ngomlotha ”.
IV
"Uma bengiqamba igama, noma uma ngikubiza ngegama
Ngiphila ngigcwele ukunakekelwa,
ngokuvamile demure
enentshebe yakhe ehlombe.
Ukuthi ngiyamangala ngezinto eziyinkulungwane,
ngoba enhlanhleni yami encane
inhlanhla yami ayiqinisekile,
ukuthi mhlawumbe izilimi zithi,
okuye kwaba ngenxa yokuncipha kwayo
okwakuyibhadi ”.
V
"Ngifuna ukwethula
leliqiniso njengofakazi,
kunesitha esimenyezelwe
Ngikubambelela ngokweqiniso.
Ukuthi nakuba ngidelelekile ngiyafa,
ukudelelwa ngaphandle kwesizathu
Akunjalo, ngenxa yalokho obekushoda kimi
ukuthi kuyo yonke inkulumo yethu,
ukunambitheka okuhle njengakho
wayengekhohliswe ”.
VI
"Lokhu kwaneliseka kuphela
Nginomonakalo omkhulu osele,
lokho akukaze kwenzeke eminyakeni emide kangako
isizathu sami sikucasulile.
Okuningi ngentshisekelo eyengeziwe
kungenzeka ukuthi uyakuphika,
ukuthi lapho ufuna,
kodwa ebulelesi obukhulu kangaka
isidumbu esibhalwe phansi sisaphila,
olethwa ngumbhalo wami wesandla ”.
VII
"Lokhu kuqinisa ukholo lwami
ngemizamo yakhe yokuqhubeka,
nomusa wakho awusho
Ngeke ngiwaphuze la manzi.
Kungenzeka yini ukuthi bekuyini
yiba njengokuqala,
ukuthi ngithemba ngobumnene bakho,
futhi ngeke ngilahle ithemba,
ukuthi ngeke kulunge ukuphonsa
intambo engemuva kwepayipi ”.
VIII
"Umcabango okhathele
Ubuhlungu bokungenisa ngaphakathi
funa isimo esihle kakhulu
(uma othandweni kunesimo esihle).
Ukuthi isifuba sibuhlungu kakhulu
nenkazimulo ayimondli,
futhi ubuhlungu abumhluphi,
imemori ephakeme kangakanani,
futhi akabuzwa ubuhlungu, noma udumo,
okuhle nokubi akumsekeli ”.