Umusho kaLuis de Góngora.
U-Luis de Góngora (1561 - 1627) wayeyimbongi evelele nomlobi wemidlalo, futhi engomunye wabamele abaluleke kakhulu beSpanish Golden Age. Namuhla ubonwa njengomkhiphi omkhulu we-culteranismo, umbhalo wamanje obizwa nangokuthi i-gongorism. Umsebenzi wakhe wezinkondlo ubonakala ngokungasabi futhi, ngasikhathi sinye, owezwe.
Ngokunjalo nolimi lwakhe luthathwa njengenye yezinkanyiso eziqhakazile ekuguqukeni "kwezinkondlo ezikhuluma iSpanish" zanamuhla. Ngakho-ke, Umsebenzi wakhe uhlukaniswe ngokuthi "ubuso obubili besibuko esifanayo", lapho ukukhanya nobumnyama kunemvelaphi efanayo emibhalweni yabo ehlukene.
Luis de Góngora: impilo phakathi kwezinhlamvu
ULuis de Góngora y Argote wazalwa ngoJulayi 11, 1561, eCalle de las Pavas eCórdoba, e-Andalusia. Wayeyingxenye yemindeni ecebile kakhulu futhi enesimo ngaleso sikhathi emabhange aseGuadalquivirEqinisweni, uyise wayeyijaji lezimpahla ezathathwa iHhovisi Elingcwele.
Iminyaka yokuqala yayibonakala ngesiko eliqinile lamaKatolika
ULuis osemncane wayethatha ama-oda amancane aze afike ezingeni lohlu lwezincwadi zesonto lombhishobhi wedolobha lakubo. Futhi, Uthole udumo olukhulu ngokuthatha isikhundla sikaRoyal Chaplain ngo-1617 ngesikhathi sokugunyazwa nguFelipe III. Okwaholela ekutheni aphile kuze kube ngu-1626 enkantolo yaseMadrid ukuze akwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ehambisana nesiqu sakhe.
Kamuva, wahamba amakhomishini ahlukahlukene womkhandlu wakhe cishe kulo lonke elaseSpain. Usebenzisa lolu hambo ukuze adlule njalo e-Andalusia yangakubo. Ngendlela efanayo, uvakashele ngokuzimisela eJaén, Navarra, Castilla, Cuenca, Salamanca nakwamanye ama-nooks amaningi e-Community of Madrid yamanje.
Ubutha noQuevedo
Esinye sezahluko eziphawulwe kakhulu ngempilo yale mbongi nomlobi wemidlalo bekungubutha bakhe naye UFrancisco de Quevedo. Ngokusho kukaGóngora, "uzakwabo" wakhe isikhashana (lapho behlangana eNkantolo yaseValladolid) wazinikela ekulingiseni yena. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uLuis de Góngora waze waqinisekisa ukuthi akazange akwenze ngokusobala, kodwa wakwenza ngegama-mbumbulu.
Ubuhle bezinkondlo zakhe
Imisebenzi yakhe emibili ivela phakathi kwezinkondlo ezimelele kakhulu eSpain. Lokhu kubonga ubunzima obufaka kubo uqobo Isizungu y Inganekwane yePolyphemus neGalatea. Zombili lezi zimbangela zempikiswano enkulu ngesikhathi sabo - hhayi kuphela ngenxa yokuvela kwezifaniso zabo ezihlotshisiwe - ikakhulu ngenxa yethoni yabo engahlanzekile, edelelayo neyindelelo.
Ngakho-ke, I-streak yakhe engathandeki ethandekayo yayihlale ikhona kuyo yonke imibhalo yakhe. Ukuhambisana naye kusuka kuleyo mivimbo yokuqala efana nokubhalwa kwezinkondlo ezinikelwe ethuneni lika-El Greco, uRodrigo Calderón kanye neThe Fable of Píramo and Thisbe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indalo yakhe yezinkondlo ivelela izici ezichazwe ngezansi:
- Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwehaba elingajwayelekile le-baroque.
- Ukusetshenziswa kaningi kwama-hyperbatone ngentuthuko efanayo.
- Silulumagama lesilandzeleke kakhulu.
"Okukhulu nokuncane" kuyasebenza
Umsebenzi wakhe wezinkondlo uhlukaniswe ngamabhuloki amabili: izinkondlo ezinkulu nezinkondlo ezincane. Phakathi kwazo, ezothando zivama njengalezo ze U-Angelica noMedoro, onethoni elimbumbulu, elihlabayo kanye nelomuntu uqobo lomlobi ligcwala ngokujulile kule ngxenye eyaziwayo yokuphefumlelwa kwemibhalo.
Imibhalo yesandla kaLuis de Góngora
U-Luis de Góngora akakaze ashicilele noma imiphi yemisebenzi yakhe esaphila; kwakuyimibhalo yesandla kuphela eyayidluliswa isuka kwesinye isandla iye kwesinye. Okubandakanya izincwadi zamaculo, izincwadi zothando ngisho nama-anthologies, ashicilelwe kaningi ngaphandle kwemvume yakhe. Kwesinye isikhathi - ngo-1623 - wazama ukushicilela ngokusemthethweni ingxenye yomsebenzi wakhe, kodwa wayeka ukuzama.
Omunye wemibhalo akwenza ukugunyazwa ukusakazwa kwakhe kwaba yilokho okuthiwa Umbhalo wesandla weChacón, ebhalwe ngu-Antonio Chacón we-Count-Duke wase-Olivares. Lapho, ukucaciswa okuvela esandleni sikaGóngora uqobo kwafakwa kanye nokulandelana kwesikhathi kwenkondlo ngayinye.
Phakathi kwama-letrillas namanethithi
Ngokwengeziwe, UGóngora wayengumkhiphi othembekile wezingoma ezihlekisayo, zezenkolo nezomculo, kanye amanethi ngokuthinta i-burlesque. Isitayela sakamuva sihlanganiswe ngendlela ecashile izindaba eziyimpikiswano, izindaba zothando nezingxoxo zefilosofi noma zokuziphatha. Abanye babenezisusa zomngcwabo, kepha kuyaqabukela bekulahla ukubhuqa.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu okungenhla, ukufunwa kwamanani aphezulu wobuhle bekuyingxenye yokukhathazeka kwakhe. Ngenhloso yezincwadi eziningi kwakuwukuhlekisa ngalabo okuthiwa izintokazi ezincengayo. Ngaphandle kokuhlasela leso sifiso esijulile sokungafinyeleleki noma isifiso sokuthola ingcebo eyeqile. Ngokungafani nezinkondlo ezindala, isisusa sazo esasigxile ekukhuthazeni uguquko lwe-culteran.
I-Las Izikhathi zokuhlala
Izikhathi zokuhlala.
Ungathenga incwadi lapha: Izikhathi zokuhlala
Lokhu mhlawumbe kungumsebenzi ocatshangelwe kakhulu kukhathalogi yayo. I-Las isizungu kuyinselele ekuhlakanipheni kwabantu, imbangela yezimpikiswano ezingenakubalwa ngaleso sikhathi. Okuqukethwe kwayo kuveza umbono oqinisekisiwe wemvelo, kucatshangelwa umsebenzi omele umvuthwandaba wesitayela se- "gongoresque".
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, "isibindi" sakhe sobuhle sasiyimbangela yehlazo elikhulu ngenxa yephrofayili yakhe njengendoda "enamasiko amakhulu". Ngaphezu kwalokho, impikiswano yagcotshwa ingemuva lendikimba ebhekise kubungqingili. Lokho ukusho ukuthi, futhi umlobi wase-Andalusius waphokophela imihlangano yezenhlalo yesikhathi sakhe.
Ukuphela kwendaba, ukuqala kwememori
Izinsuku zokugcina zikaLuis de Góngora azizange zihloniphe impilo yendoda eyathi - kuphela ngemibhalo yesandla - yaba nethonya elikhulu ezinhlamvwini zesiCastilian. Izimbangela: ukuhaha kwamanye amalungu omndeni wakhe nezinkinga zokukhathala kuhlangene ngokungenasihawu ukumshiya eshone kabuhlungu.
Ifa "elilondolozwe ngumphikisi"
Umsebenzi wakhe, ungaqediwe ezimweni eziningi futhi ungashicilelwanga, wawusengozini yangempela yokulahleka endaweni yokulibala. Ngokudabukisayo, izingxabano eziqhubekayo noQuevedo ekuqaleni zenze ukuthi kube lula ukutakula nokuvikela ifa lakhe. Ngenxa yalokhu "kuxabana" kwase kunenqwaba yamaphepha abhaliwe asalelwe izizukulwane ezizayo.
"Impi yamasatires" yaqhamuka phakathi kwalaba bobabili ikhombise ukukhombisa indoda ejabule futhi ethanda impilo enhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, U-Luis de Góngora uchazwa njengomuntu onentshiseko yokulwa nokulwa namakhadi. Lezi zamuva zamenza wangamukelwa abaqondisi bakhe bokuqala, abaphathi bezenkolo.
Isicelo esidingekayo
Njengamanje, izinkondlo zakhe nomsebenzi wakhe wezincwadi jikelele - kubandakanya ukufakwa kwabo emdlalweni wezokulingisa - kwamukelwa ngokubaluleka kwawo okufanele. Y, Yize umbhali ebengamboni empilweni, imibhalo yakhe ishicilelwa kaningi kakhulu. Njengoba kufanele.