UJosé Calvo Poyato. Ingxoxo nombhali weLa travesía final

UJose Calvo Poyato unomsebenzi omude wokuba umbhali wemisebenzi edumile yomlando futhi njengomlobi wamanoveli, phakathi kweziqu zakhe kukhona Iziphonso zenkosi, Ukuhlanganiswa eMadrid, Ibhayibheli Elimnyama, Inkosazana Yedrako o Iphupho likaHypatia, phakathi kwabanye. Ngibonga kakhulu ngesikhathi osichithe kulokhu ingxoxo lapho esitshela khona ngenoveli yakhe yakamuva, Uhambo lokugcina, nangezihloko eziningi.

UJosé Calvo Poyato - Ingxoxo

• ACTUALIDAD LITERATURA: Usanda kukhipha inoveli entsha emakethe, Uhambo lokugcina. Usitshelani kuso? 

Uhambo lokugcina ngandlela thile, a ukuqhubeka kwendlela engapheli, lapho kwabalwa khona umzuliswano wokuqala umhlaba nguJuan Sebastián Elcano. Manje, itilosi laseSpain, elazalelwa eGetaria, liba isikhungo senoveli lapho kuyatshelwa ukuthi kwenzekeni kuyeNgemuva kokujikeleza umhlaba okokuqala ngqa, ngoba u-Elcano uyanyamalala ezincwadini zomlando futhi umlingiswa ubonakala ebalulekile ngokwanele ngathi ukuthi sazi ukuthi kwenzekeni kuye. Ngeza kulokhu ukuthi leyo minyaka elandelayo yomjikelezo wokuqala umhlaba wawugcwele imicimbi emikhulu emlandweni wethu. 

• AL: Ungabuyela enkumbulweni yaleyo ncwadi yokuqala oyifundile? Nendaba yokuqala oyibhalile?

Incwadi yokuqala engiyifundile kwaba umlando wezimpi zenkolo. Kwakungenye yalezo zincwadi ezivela ku-Editorial Bruguera lapho umbhalo wahlanganiswa khona namahlaya. Amahlaya afundwa kuqala. Kwesinye isikhathi nje amahlaya. Sasiyizingane ezineminyaka eyisikhombisa noma eyisishiyagalombili ubudala. Ngicabanga ukuthi banginikeze lapho ngenza isidlo sami sokuqala, bengingakafiki iminyaka eyisikhombisa.

Indaba yokuqala engiyibhalile futhi leyo yaba incwadi kwaba isifundo somlando ngenkinga yekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa edolobheni lami: Inkinga yekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa eVilla de Cabra. Ithole umklomelo yingakho yashicilelwa. Sekuyiminyaka embalwa kusukela lapho.

• AL: Iyiphi incwadi yokuqala eyakushaya futhi kungani?

Ngiyakhumbula bangihlaba umxhwele, ngisemusha, izincwadi zikaMartín Vigil, njenge Impilo iyahlangana. Futhi lezo ze UMaxence Van der Meersch, njengoba Imizimba nemiphefumulo! Njengesazi-mlando, ngiyakhumbula ukuthi ngelinye ihlobo ngifunde zonke Iziqephu Zikazwelonke kaGaldós. Ngahlabeka umxhwele. Ngicabanga ukuthi ukufunda ithonywe ngokuqinile lokho Ngagcina sengiyisazi-mlando futhi Bengiyithanda inoveli yomlando. Ngaleso sikhathi akukaze kufike emqondweni wami ukuthi ngelinye ilanga yimi engizobabhala. 

• AL: Ngubani umbhali wakho omthandayo? Ungakhetha ngaphezu kweyodwa nakuzo zonke izinkathi.

Sengivele ngibhekise kulokho obekucatshangwa nguDon Benito Pérez Galdós. Ngiyazifela I-Quevedo nakubabhali bezincwadi zamanoveli abakhulu bekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye njenge UHonoré Balzac noma uVictor Hugo. Phakathi kwababhali bamanje, engizithandayo UJose Luis Corral, inkosi eyiqiniso yenoveli yomlando. Izilingo ze UJuan Eslava Galán nemisebenzi kaDon Antonio Domínguez Ortiz eSpain yaseHabsburgs kanye nekhulu le-XNUMX.

• AL: Yimuphi umlingiswa osencwadini obungathanda ukuhlangana naye futhi umakhe?

Nkosikazi Bovary. Kubonakala kimi ukuthi ungomunye wabalingiswa abadonswe kakhulu ezincwadini zaso sonke isikhathi. Akushiywanga ngemuva Lázaro, umlingiswa ophambili we I-Lazarillo de Tormes, noma USancho Panza. Kokubili kubonakala kukuhle kimi ngezinkomba zabo kanye nemicimbi yokuphila. 

• AL: Ingabe ikhona imikhuba ekhethekile uma ubhala noma ufunda?

Ngivame ukuzihlukanisa kuhle kakhulu, ukungivumela ukuthi ngibhale ezindaweni lapho kunabanye abantu abaxoxa. Kungakho ngivame ukubhala ekhishini endlini yami, isikhungo sokubutha imindeni. Lapho ngenza ukulungiswa kokugcina kombhalo ukuwuletha kwabezindaba, ngivame ukuzihlukanisa futhi ngifunde ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Kwesinye isikhathi ngiyabhala —Ukubhala isigaba sokugcina senqubo yokubhala— amasonto amaningi futhi kungahle kube nokungalingani, izinguquko zesigqi, okumele zilungiswe. Ngakho-ke ngincamela ukuba ngedwa futhi ngibe ngedwa.  

• AL: Futhi indawo yakho oyithandayo nesikhathi sokwenza?

Njengoba ngishilo vele, ngingawenza noma kuphi manje Anginazo izikhathi eziyintandokazi. Kwakunezikhathi lapho ayethanda ukubhala ebusuku. Kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngikuphethile lokho kufanele ibhalwe lapho umuntu enethezekile, evulekile. Kwesinye isikhathi umuntu uyaphikelela ngokubhala —Ngomqondo wokubhala - nemibono ayisebenzi. Kulezo zikhathi kungcono ukushiya. Kunezikhathi lapho, kunalokho, konke kuza kalula futhi kufanele ukusizakale.

• AL: Yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo ozithandayo?

Ngaphandle kwamanoveli omlando, ngifunde okuningi indatshana yomlando; phela ngiyisazi-mlando. Nami ngiyafunda inoveli emnyamazombili izinhlobo zakudala zikaDashiell UHammett noma iVázquez Montalbán njengenoveli yamanje yobugebengu. Abafundi abaningi bakugcina ngokuthi kumanoveli ami kuhlale kunesakhiwo esimnyama esithi, ngaphandle kokuba ngumlando ofanele, siyakholiseka ngakho-ke sihambisana kahle nohlaka lomlando wale noveli. 

• AL: Ufundani manje? Futhi ukubhala?

Sengiqedile Infinity emhlangeningu-Irene Vallejo. Ngiyafunda Izikhali Zokukhanya, of Sanchez Akuvumelekile, futhi Indlovukazi ekhohliwenguJosé Luis Corral. Ulinde i-biography kaCarlos III. Ngifuna imininingwane ngezinto ezingaziwa kangako ngekhulu le-XNUMX leSpanish engxenyeni yalo yesibili. 

• AL: Ucabanga ukuthi indawo yokushicilela yenzelwe ababhali abaningi kangakanani njengoba kukhona noma bafuna ukushicilela?

Mhlawumbe kunjalo nzima kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Inkinga eyaqala ngo-2008 yaba nomthelela omkhulu emhlabeni wezincwadi. Ababhali abahle kakhulu basala bengenamshicileli. Kwakunzima kakhulu. Kukhona okwamanje ababhali abaningi abanenkohliso yokushicilela, kepha amathuba anciphile. Kukhona ithuba lokushicilela ideskithophu, kepha uma kunjalo ukusatshalaliswa kwehluleka, okubalulekile. Kuyadabukisa ukuthi izindaba eziningi, ezinhle kakhulu futhi ezixoxwe kahle, azikuboni ukukhanya noma zikubone ngendlela elinganiselwe kakhulu.

• AL: Ngabe isikhathi senhlekelele esibhekene naso sinzima kuwe noma uzokwazi ukugcina okuthile okuhle ngamanoveli esikhathi esizayo?

Inkinga yobhadane esibhekene nayo Kunzima kakhulu. Hhayi kuphela umufi nabagulayo okunzima ukululama. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi yikuphi ukuvalelwa, imikhawulo, ukungakwazi ukuhamba noma ukuhamba okuhlobene kakhulu okubandakanya. Yinto umphakathi wethu owawungayilindele. Lezi bhubhane zithinte ezinye izingxenye zeplanethi, kepha bezingeyona inkinga eYurophu.

Kimina uqobo, bekubekezeleleka. Ngihlala endlini yedolobha   —Konke ukunethezeka kulezi zimo - y umsebenzi wokubhala unesizungu kakhulu, yize ngibhala kwesinye isikhathi, phakathi kombuthano womndeni. Ngicabanga ukuthi singafinyelela iziphetho ngalokho okwenzekayo njengoba sisengozini kakhulu kunalokho ebesicabanga, ukuthi lukuthobeka kunconywa kakhulu noma ukuthi ukubekezela, emphakathini obuswa yijubane nokushesha, kulula ukuthi sifunde ukukuhlakulela.